• 공연문화연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.701-748
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• 2019

삼현영산회상 또는 표정만방지곡으로도 불리는 관악영산회상은 삼현육각의 악기편성 혹은 여기에 소금과 아쟁이 추가되는 대규모의 관악합주편성으로 연주된다. 본 연구는 관악영산회상 상령산의 주선율을 연주하는 피리 선율의 구조 및 형식을 분석하고, 대금의 연음 구조 및 기능을 파악하여 피리 선율과 대금 연음의 관계를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 관악영산회상 상령산에서 피리 선율의 악구를 나누는 기준이 되는 것은 연음이다. 특히 대금의 연음은 주선율을 연주하는 피리의 악구를 수식 또는 연장하여 마무리 짓고, 피리가 쉬는 동안 다음 악구의 동기 또는 동기 요소를 제시해주는 등의 기능을 수행한다. 피리의 최소 단위 선율의 여러 형태 중 a, b, g, i의 유형은 피리 선율의 한 악구를 이루는 중요한 동기 요소가 된다. 특히 주요 동기(Main Motive)인 a형(중(仲)→무(無))은 2도 위로 이도되어 강한 긴장감을 형성하는 b형(임(林)→한(潢))과 대비를 이루고 있으며, g형(중(仲)→임(林))의 형태로 변화되거나 3도 아래 이도된 i형(태(太)→임(林))으로의 변화를 거치면서 악곡의 후반부로 갈수록 점차 하행하게 되는데, 이것은 전통음악이 점차 하행하는 종지형을 갖는 것과 관련이 있다. 관악영산회상 상령산 피리 선율의 한 악구는 대부분 동기 요소인 a, b, g, i형과 종지형(x형 계열)의 결합으로 구성되어 있고, 각각의 악구는 긴장-이완이 반복되는 구조로 짜여 있다. 피리의 악구를 유사한 유형별로 묶어 그 구조를 살펴보면, 각 악구는 음의 생략 및 추가, 선율의 교차와 같은 방법을 통해 논리적인 변주 구조를 갖추고 있음을 알 수 있다 대금 연음의 최소 단위 선율 형태는 a~b형의 뒷연음과 x1~x3형의 앞연음으로 구분하여 나타낼 수 있다. x형 계열은 피리 선율의 종지음인 중려(중(仲))를 수식하거나 단순히 연장하는 뒷연음으로 사용되고, a, b형은 피리 선율의 다음 악구의 시작을 예비하는 앞연음의 기능을 갖고 있다. 대금 연음의 최소 단위 선율 형태의 결합 유형은 대부분 뒷연음+앞연음의 형태로 나타난다. 이외에도 a, b형의 앞연음이 뒷연음 없이 독자적으로 등장하기도 하고, x3형과 같이 앞연음 없이 뒷연음의 형태만을 취하여 나타나기도 한다. 대금의 연음을 유사한 형태별로 묶어 그 구조를 파악해보면, 대금의 연음 또한 피리 선율과 마찬가지로 음의 생략 및 추가와 같은 방법을 통한 변주 구조로 이루어져 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

소염진통제인 Ketorolac tromethamine에 치자엑스 복합제제를 혼합하여 4종의 하이드로겔을 제조한 다음 주성분의 확인, 점도, 표면장력, 인장강도 및 생체부착성 실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. KGE 및 KGH gel 제제 중 Ketorolac tromethamine의 함량은 1.02~0.97%이었고, Geniposide의 함량은 KGE gel A와 C에서 0.34%이었으나, KGH gel B와 D에서 0.11%로 낮아졌고, Genipin의 함량은 KGE gel A와 C에서는 나타나지 않았으나, KGH gel B와 D에서 0.13%로 나타났다. 2. Gel 제제의 온도에 따른 점도는 gel 화제로 Carbopol 940을 단독으로 사용한 gel이 Poloxamer 407을 추가한 gel보다 더 높은 점도를 유지하였으며, 각 제제에서의 표면장력은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 34.77~40.58 dyne/cm를 나타냈다. 제제의 인장강도는 KGH gel B에서 대조군에 비하여 3.5배 정도 높은 인장강도를 나타냈다. 3. 생체부착성은 등피부 상부(표피층)와 배피부의 경우 KGH gel B 에서 50.62 N으로 나타나 대조군에 비해 5배 정도 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 등피부 하부(진피층)와 배피부의 경우 KGH gel B의 에서 35.93 N으로 나타나 대조군에 비해 3.5배 정도 높은 수치를 나타냈다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.24-40
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• 2001

This study is to observe the effectiveness of the applied model and to present the improvement plan and directions for development for the case management practical model suitable for the actual condition of Korea Labor Welfare Co. and needs of the industrial injury patients. The concrete purpose of this study is: First, observe the difference of stressor experience and experience degree between the experimental group and the comparative group. Second, observe the difference of stress of the experimental group and the comparative group. Third, find out how the stress affects the support degree and satisfaction degree. Fourth, present the improvement plan of case management model, which can promote the psychosocial rehabilitation of the industrial injury patient based on the research results. The outline of the main research results identified in this study is as follows. The stressors the industrial injury patients perceived are health problems, family matters, the problems concerning hospital recuperation (hospital staff and environmental problems), economical problems, problems of coming back to society, problems with companies, problems with Korea labour Welfare Co. and other problems. And the experience of stressor was prominently lower in experimental group than comparative group in the whole problem, health problem, problems with Korea Labour-Welfare Co. and other problems. The stressor experience degree was conspicuously lower in experimental group in the whole problem experience degree, health problem experience degree, problem with Korea Labour Co. experience degree and other problem experience degree. Besides whether or not the case management is applied is having a prominent affect on the primary factor affecting the stressor experience degree, therefore the patients applied with case management has less stressor than the patient who didn't. The difference of degree of tension experienced by the stressor in both groups, the degree of stress, was not conspicuous in statistics so it shows that the application of case management in this research has not affected the degree of tension. The field which had been the most help was emotional support in help level the experimental group perceived through applying case management about industrial accident patients and recuperation, compensation problem, medical treatment problem, family matters has been helpful in this order. The help level of the whole problem was in higher level than the middle value. The stress factor which affects the case management problem settlement is the whole body of stress. The satisfaction level of help through applying case management was highest in emotional support and family matters, recuperation problem, company problem, compensation problem, and medical treatment problem was the next highest. The satisfaction level of the whole problem was higher than the middle value. The stress factor affecting the satisfaction level of help is the whole body of stress. Therefore to reduce the stress level of industrial accident patients and for them to come back to local societies, we need to reinforce the continuance and responsibility of case management model, increase staff, reinforce the role of counsel and medical treatment, intervene in the patient's plan of leaving the hospital, develop social support system and the need to establish After Care Center.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1994

The vocal pitch is controlled by the tension, mass, and length of the vocal fold. It is well known that cricothyroid approximation raises the vocal pitch by simulating the contraction of the cricothyroid muscle, and there were so many reports that have noted a relationship between cricothyroid distance and pitch control, but there does not seem to be any single generally accepted theory to account for this connection. It is generally known that the strap muscles are active during low and falling Fo, and the suprahyoid muscles are active during high and raising Fo. These findings can be related to a general picture of the motion of the larynx during changes in Fo, the cricothyroid joint would tend to lengthen the vocal folds, as the larynx moves up and forward, and relax them as it moves back and down. In this study, we suggest that the relationship between anterior cricothyroid distance and fundamental frequency of the larynx was so complex according to the level of larynx and vertebral curvature. The higher the level of larynx, the wider the cricothyoid distance, but there is more greater fundamental frequency even though more wide cricothyroid distance. This phono-menon seems to be due to the multifactors, especially the vertical tension of the conus elasticus or the change of cricothyroid articulation. It is generally known that the crocothyoid and vocal is muscles are very closely related to pitch elevation, but sternohyoid muscle seems to be more closely related to pitch lowering. By this electromyographic studies, the sternohyoid muscle have dual activity to pitch control, increased activity during the low fundamental frequency and falling pitch, but also increased activity during the higher fundamental frequency and raising pitch at least in this study.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.3644-3649
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• 2013

자동차 시트 리크라이너는 시트 등받이의 각도를 조절하는 기능을 가지며, 시트의 안전성과 밀접한 영향이 있다. 따라서 리크라이너를 구성하는 각 부품들은 매우 중요하며, 이러한 부품들을 각종 동적 하중들로부터 보호할 수 있는 리크라이너 하우징 역시 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고장력강판(SPFC 980)으로 제작된 t=3mm 리크라이너 하우징을 실제 차량 시트에 적용한다. 또한 내구 실험기를 통하여 변형량을 조사하였으며, 실험과 동일한 조건하에서 시뮬레이션 해석을 수행하여 변형량과 등가응력을 분석하였다. 실험값과 해석값을 토대로 하여 1mm 및 2mm 두께의 리크라이너들을 모델링 한 후 구조해석을 통하여 변형량 및 등가응력을 알아보았다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2020

Objective: To prevent low back pain, an objective evaluation tool to evaluate pelvic mobility and exercise to improve the flexibility of the lumbar region is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of pelvic mobility measurements using the Wii Balance Board (WBB) and Sensbalance Therapy Cushion (STC), evaluate the usefulness of the STC as a tool for measuring pelvic mobility. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. The subjects performed pelvic mobility range, proprioception, reaction time and reach of the arm using the STC. The pelvic movement parameter was measured two times to determine the intra-rater reliability. To measure the correlation between lumbar muscle tension and pelvic mobility, Myovision was used to measure tension of L4, L5 level erector spinae muscle. Correlations between measured variables were checked to determine the validity of the pelvic mobility assessment tool. Results: STC showed high test-retest reliability in pelvic tilt measurement and reaching task [intraclass correlation coefficients (3,1)=0.804-0.915]. The relationship between WBB and STC showed a significant positive correlation with the pelvic tilt and reaching task (p<0.05). Posterior tilt and erector spinae activation (Lt. L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Left, right tilt and erector spinae activation (L5) showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed the advantages of the STC and found efficiency as an objective measuring device of pelvic mobility.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Background In patients with congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), single-stage removal of large lesions can be difficult because the high tension created by excising and repairing a large lesion may result in scar widening. Herein, we introduce a method to effectively excise lesions while minimizing scarring and compare its outcomes to those of existing surgical methods. Methods We compared patients who underwent surgery using the anchoring technique (n=42) or the conventional elliptical technique (n=36). One side of the lesion was removed via en bloc resection up to the superficial fascia. The other side of the lesion was removed via de-epithelialization. The de-epithelialized dermal flap was then fixed by suturing it to the superficial fascia on the opposite side. The length of the lesion's long axis and amount of scar widening were measured immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At 12 months, patients were assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Results The lesion locations included the face, arms, legs, back, and abdomen. The anchoring method resulted in shorter and smaller scars than the conventional method. There were no cases of postoperative hematoma or wound dehiscence. Significant differences in postoperative scar widening were found in the arm and leg areas (P<0.05). Conclusions The anchoring method introduced in this study can provide much better outcomes than the conventional method. The anchoring method is particularly useful for the removal of CMN around the joints or extremities, where the surgical site is subjected to high tension.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.273-297
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• 2012

본 연구는 보호아동이 친가정으로 복귀하는 과정에서 친부모의 경험이 어떠한지를 살펴보고자 친부모 11명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰한 후 근거이론방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인과적 조건은 '자녀를 맡김'이 도출되었고, 현상은 '형벌같은 삶', '자녀와의 분리상황에 적응함'으로 나타났다. 이에 맥락적 조건은 '가족 신념', '자녀양육 신념'이며, 중재적 조건은 '재기할 힘', '뜻대로 안됨'이었다. 작용/상호 작용 전략은 '양육기반 마련하기', '부모 역할 지속하기', '적응에 저항하기', '자녀복귀시기 조정하기'로 나타났다. 결과로는 '돌봄 부담감', '맡기고 싶음', '가족의식 강화됨', '미래가 희망적임'이 도출되었다. 과정분석 결과, 시간의 경과에 따라 (1) 자녀위탁단계: 자녀를 위탁한 모진 부모가 됨, (2) 자녀 위탁 후 단계: 자녀복귀위해 무너진 가정세움, (3) 자녀 친가정 복귀 단계: 나, 가족, 세상에 떳떳함 (4) 자녀 친가정 복귀 이후 단계: 재위탁 경계하며 가정지킴으로 구분되었고 보호아동의 친부모들은 자녀를 친가정으로 복귀시키는 과정에서 끊임없는 긴장의 연속을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 보호아동의 친가정 복귀를 촉진하기 위한 실천적 대안을 제시하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability and a common musculoskeletal disorder encountered at some point in life. Dysfunction of the lumbar vertebrae has been associated with decreased flexibility of the hamstrings, which exhibited a strong positive correlation with LBP. Hamstring tension affects lumbar pelvic rhythm. We aimed to activate pelvic stability with compression by Active Therapeutic Movement (ATM), muscle energy technique (MET) was applied to increase the flexibility of the hamstring. Objects: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MET with ATM and general MET were applied to the hamstring of adults, who were in their twenties with nor without LBP, on their pelvic inclination and the length of their hamstring. Methods: A total of 32 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. Before the experiment, all subjects were pre-examined, and they were divided into an LBP group and a no lower back pain group accordingly. Thereafter, all subjects participated in both in a crossover manner. After at least one week, they switched to another group and participated in the same experiment. Results: The study results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant results in the modified active knee extension test (p < 0.01) and the sit and reach test (p < 0.01) performed to assess the hamstring flexibility; an interaction (p < 0.05) was noted. Moreover, a more significant difference was observed between the MET with ATM and the general MET. Although significant results were obtained for the pelvic inclination (p < 0.01), interaction was not noted. Conclusion: Conclusively, in this study, when the MET with ATM was applied to the two groups, there was a significant difference compared to the general MET for hamstring flexibility, but it was confirmed that there was no significant difference for the pelvic inclination.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.59-77
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the effective health management of the industrial workers, by classifying factors influencing their perceived symptoms to examine their health status and identifying the inter' relationship of their perceived symptom with their working department. the environment of working area and their general characteristics. The study was undertaken from October 1 to November 30. 1989. The subjects were 999 workers who had worked in Industrial Corps located in Chungbuk Province. The results of this study were as follows: I . Worker's perceived symptoms were classified according to the following eight factors; 1) musculo - skeletal symptoms of shoulder, neck, back and arm 2) optical symptoms 3) symptoms in head(such as headache and dull) 4) musculo - skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back 5) gastro - intestinal symptoms 6) mental symptoms. 7) neural symptoms 8) lung and heart symptoms II . The degrees of workers' perception of perceived symptoms; Mean score of perceived symptoms:7.0 The rank of degrees of perceived symptoms: The highest:musculo - skeletal symptoms of shoulder, neck, back, and arm The second:optical symptoms The third:musculo - skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back The fourth:mental symptoms the fifth:gastro-intestinal symptoms m . Analysis of the inter-relationship of perceived symptoms with working department, environment of working area and general characteristics; 1) sexuality The difference of degrees of perceived symptoms was significant;femanle was higher than male(P<0.000). 2) level of education The difference of degrees of perceived symptoms according to the level of education was significant; The higher the level of education, the higher the degree. 3) working department The working department played a significant part in the degrees of perceived symptoms of workers; Workers of assembling department:musculo-skeletal symptoms both of shoulder. neck, back and arm and of leg and lower back(P<0.000). Workers of inspection department:optical symptoms(P<0.05). Office workers:mental symptoms(P<0.05). 4) kinds of job The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms according to kinds of job was significant; Workers dealing with chemical materials and workers dealing with job with high tension:gastro-intestinal symptoms and symptoms in head. Workers dealing with weighty things or working a long time with the same posture:musculo-skeletal symptoms both of shoulder, neck, back and arm and of lower back(P<0.000). 5) working posture The difference of the degrees of perceived symptoms related with working posture was significant; Sitting:optical symptoms(P<0.0000) and symptoms in head(P<0.005) Standing:musculo-skeletal symptoms of leg and lower back(P<0.0000). 6) satisfaction with their own duty The more dissatisfien they were. the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms(P<0.0001). 7) satisfaction with their working condition The more dissatisfied with their working condition they were, the higher became the degrees of their perceived symptoms(P<0.001). 8) environment of working area The environment of working area played a significant part in the degrees of perceived symptoms of workers; Workers exposed to most of the factors of the environment of working area were higher than those not exposed in the degrees of musculoskeletal symptoms. Workers in the noisy environment:optican symptoms(P<0.000), symptoms in head(P<0.005). Workers in the damp environment:optical symptoms(P<0.005) and lung and heart symptoms(P <0.01). Workers with illumination problem:optical symptoms(P<0.000), mental symptoms(P<0.005) and neural symptoms(P<0.01). Workers with ventilation problem:optical symptoms and lung and heart symptoms(P<0.001)