• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.6
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• pp.72-78
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• 1998

An optical modulator Ti:LiNbO$_3$optical waveguide and CPW electrode structure were fabricated. The optical modulator was packaged using components such as ferrules, dirmy LN block and glass, vibration and shock absorbption pad, and alumina feeder through processings of pigtailing. Au wire bonding, epoxing, SMA connecting, sealing. The electrical and optical characteristics were measured after packaging. The electrical properties of S$_{21}$ and S$_{11}$ were obtained as 9.8 GHz at -3 dB and -8.9dB at 14.4GHz, respectively. Optical waveguide prepared met requirements for a single mode at a 1550nm wavelength range. Insertion loss was 4.3dB at room temperature after packaging, and was varied 4.3~6.4dB at various temperatures, 5~45$^{\circ}C$. E-O bandwidth measurement showed 3dB optical response at 7.8GHz, which means that it is applicable for 10Gbps optical communicationon

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2007

Our objective was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of spatial domain filtering as an alternative to additional image reconstruction using different kernels in CT. Kernels were grouped as H30 (head medium smooth), B30 (body medium smooth), S80 (special) and U95 (ultra sharp). Derived from thin coilimated source images, four sets of images were generated using phantom kernels. MTF (50%, 10%, 2%) measured with H30 (3.25, 5.68, 7.45 Ip/cm) B30 (3.84, 6.25, 7.72 Ip/cm), S80 (4.69, 9.49, 12.34 Ip/cm), and U95 (14.19, 20.31, 24.67 Ip/cm). Spatial resolution for the U95 kernel (0.6 mm) was 33.3% greater than that of the H30 and B30 (0.8 mm) kernels. Initially scanned kernels images were rated for subjective image qualify, using a five-point scale. Image scanned with a convolution kernel led to an increase in noise (U95), whereas the results for CT attenuation coefficient were comparable. CT images increase the diagnostic accuracy in head (H30), abdomen (B30), temporal bone and lung (U95) kernels may be controlled by adjusting CT various algorithms, which should be adjusted to take into account the kernels of the CT undergoing the examination.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.510-515
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• 2008

Microwave energy was applied to the extraction of functional catechins from grape seed. The solvent, absolute ethanol, reached the boiling point when exposed for less than 3 min microwave treatment at 100 W. The effects of independent variables in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), including microwave power (0-160W, $X_1$), ethanol concentration (0-100%, $X_2$) and extraction time (1-5 min, $X_3$), were investigated on each response variable ($Y_n$), and the contents of catechin and its derivatives were determined via response surface methodology, thereby allowing us to predict their optimal extraction conditions. The predicted maximal values of (+)-catechin, procyanidin $B_2$, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epicatechin gallate were 137.99, 72.78, 222.38, and 9.59 mg%, respectively, under different MAE conditions. The predicted extraction conditions for maximum catechin responses were as follows: 104.10 W of microwave power, 45.35% of EtOH, and 4.89 min of extraction time for (+)-catechin (137.99 mg%), 133.16 W, 46.16% and 4.49 min for procyanidin $B_2$ (72.78 mg%), 136.00 W, 41.37% and 4.39 min for (-)-epicatechin (222.38 mg%), 143.20 W, 37.51% and 1.88 min for (-)-epicatechin gallate (9.59 mg%), respectively. The contents of (+)-catechin, procyanidin 1B2 and (-)-epicatechin in MAE were similarly influenced by three independent variables, whereas (-)-epicatechin gallate was influenced less profoundly by ethanol concentration and extraction time.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

The phospholipase B (PLB) families are enzymes sharing phospholipase (PL), lysophospholipase (LPL) and lysophospholipase-transacylase (LPTA) activities. In this study, we report the putative gene encoding phospholipase B (plbA) containing lipase motifs was cloned for the first time from the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans. plbA was isolated from A. nidulans genomic DNA library using a PCR-amplified probe, which is designed on the basis of sequence information derived from the conserved lipase regions of various PLBs. The deduced product of plbA is of 626 amino acids. From the assigned sequence, PlbA showed 72% identity with Penicillium notatum PLB but have low similarity with phospholipase A of other organisms.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.371-379
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• 1992

악성종양의 진단 및 치료에 있어서 특정 종양에 대한 항체를 이용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 단세포군항체를 이용한 방사면역신티그라피로 암의 조기 진단 및 영상화가 가능하고 나아가 방사면역치료는 암의 선택적 치료에 도움이 될 수 있다. 위암은 우리나라에서 가장 흔한 악성종양으로 방사면역신티그라피와 방사면역치료법이 새로운 방법으로 모색되고 있다. 이러한 진단 및 치료법의 성공여부를 결정하는 중요한 인자의 하나가 종양조직내에서 종양관련 항원의 농도와 분포이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단세포군 항체를 이용한 방사면역학적 방법의 임상 이용을 위한 기초 연구의 일환으로 in vitro quantitative autoradiography를 이용하여 종양 관련항원인 TAG-72와 CEA의 위암조직내 농도 및 분포를 측정하였다. 33예의 위암조직에서 얻은 동결절편을 $1.3\sim83.3$ nmol/liter의 $^{125}I$ 표지 항 TAG-72 단세포군 항체 B-72.3과 항 CEA 단세포군 항체 CEA-79로 반응시킨 후 이 표본들의 자가방사법 디지탈 영상을 H & E 염색과 immunoperoxidase염색 표본과 비교하였으며, 특정 단세포군 항체의 결합에 대한 컴퓨터 분석으로 조직내 항원의 농도와 분포를 측정하였다. TAG-72는 25예(75.7%)의 조직에서 검출되었으며 그 농도는 $8.4\sim525.3$ pmol/gram이었고, CEA는 32예 (96.9%)에서 검출되었으며 그 농도는 $8.8\sim592.9$ pmol/gram 이었다. CEA의 위암 조직내 발현농도는 중앙치가 101.7 pmol/gram 으로 TAG-72의 중앙치인 27.9 pmol/gram 보다 높았다. TAG-72의 조직내 분포는 41.4%에서 병변 부위의 암세포 분포와 일치하였고, CEA의 분포는 병변 부위의 80.5%에서 암세포와 일치하는 소견을 나타내었다. TAG-72의 농도는 점액성 선종(mucinous adenocarcinoma)과 점액함유 선종(mucin containing adenocarcinoma)에서 다른 선종보다 더 높았다. CEA의 농도는 위암의 병리학적 종류에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 위암조직에서 TAG-72와 CEA항원이 다양하게 발현됨을 알 수 있었고 CEA는 TAG-72 보다 더 빈번하게 균일한 분포로 발현하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.447-456
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy level of concentrate feed in finishing Hanwoo steers for 6 months before slaughter. Feeding trial was done with 2 treatment groups, IDN72 (72% of TDN in concentrate) and TDN74 (74 % of TDN in concentrate). The body weight (from 19 to 24 months) tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Average daily gain of TDN74 was higher by 4.4 % in comparison to TDN72. There was no significant differences in concentrate, dry matter and TDN intake per I kg body weight gain between TDN72 and TDN74. And there was a tendency to improve crude protein intake per I kg body weight gain by increasing TDN content from 72 to 74 %. The dressing percentage tended to be higher in TDN74 than in TDN72, but was not significant. Salable meat percentage tended to be lower in TDN74 than in TDN72 because of higher body fat percentage in TDN74 than in TDN72. There were no significant differences in marbling score, meat color, fat color, carcass weight, rib-eye area and back fat thickness between TDN72 and TDN74. Significant differences were not found in shear value, cooking loss, water holding capacity or moisture and protein contents of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles between TDN72 and TDN74. Fat content of LD muscles tend to be lower in TDN74 than in IDN72 but without any significance. There was a tendency to improve juiciness and taste by feeding IDN74 rather than TDN72. Especially, tenderness of TDN74 was increased by 7.4% in comparison to TDN72 (p < 0.05). Gross income from TDN74 was higher than TDN72 by 5% The results suggested that significant differences were not found in growth performance, feed conversion and carcass characteristics between TDN72 and TDN74. The results also show that more studies are required to clarify the energy level for finishing Hanwoo steers.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1995

In order to isolate naturally occurring novel Bacillus thuringiensis strains, we investigated the distribution of B. thuringiensis from granary which exist in Kyong-gi province, Korea. A total of 146 strains of B. thuringiensis producing spore and crystal wre isolated. The toxicity of B. thuringiensis isolates was examined against lepidopteran larvae (Bombyx mori), dipteran larvae (Culex pipiens) and coleopteran larvae (Sitophilus oryzae.), respectively. The results showed that a large number of B. thuringiensis isolates from granary dusts were isolated and most isolates wer toxic to lepidopterous larvae. Also, non-toxic B. thuringiensis isolate was common. In order to isolate many B. thuringiensis, therefore, it suggested that granary is favorable locality.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

B. cereus-produced cereulide as an emetic toxin is commonly isolated in starch-based cooked foods. This study examined the prevalence of B. cereus from ready-to-eat foods in markets by polymerase chain reaction analysis and determined the relationship between the level of B. cereus and the quantity of cereulide in the sample after different storage times and temperatures. The prevalence of general B. cereus in 43 starch foods was 32.6%, and the level of B. cereus ranged from 0.5 to 1.95 log cfu/g, meeting the Korea Food Code Specifications of 3 log CFU/g of B. cereus. No samples revealed emetic B. cereus. Fried rice samples were inoculated with a cereulide-producing reference strain, B. cereus NCCP 14796, to determine the level of B. cereus and the quantity of cereulide in the samples after storage for 0, 4, 6, 8, 20, 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h at 7, 25, 35, and 57℃. The average levels of B. cereus at 7, 25, 35, and 57℃ were 4.38, 7.31, 7.88, and 3.82 log cfu/g, and the levels of cereulide were 150.41, 1680.70, 2652.65, and 77.83 ㎍/mL, respectively, showing a significant difference according to the incubation time (P<0.05) and temperature (P<0.001).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.180-190
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion resistance of surface penetrating sealant which was applied on a composite resin restoration and to provide proper time to reapply sealant on composite resin surface. Two hundred rectangular specimens, sized $8\times3\times2mm$, were made of Micronew (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, U.S.A) and divided into two groups; F group (n = 10) was finished with coarse and medium grit of Sof-Lex discs and BisCoverwas applied B group (n = 190) after finishing with discs. B group was again subdivided into nineteen subgroups From B-1 group to B-18 group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion test using a distilled water-dentifrice slurry and toothbrush heads B-IM group was not subjected to toothbrush abrasion test. Average surface roughness (Ra) of each group was calculated using a surface roughness tester (Surfcorder MSE-1700: Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) . A representative specimen of each group was examined by FE-SEM (S-4700: Hitachi High Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The data were analysed using cluster analysis, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Ra off group was $0.898{\pm}0.145{\mu}m$ and B-IM group was $0.289{\pm}0.142{\mu}m$. Ra became higher from B-1 group $(0.299{\pm}0.48{\mu}m$ to B-18 group $(0.642{\pm}0.313{\mu}m$. 2. Final cluster center of Ra was $0.361{\mu}m$ in cluster 1 $(B-IM\simB-7)$, $0.511{\mu}m$ in cluster 2 $(B-8\simB-14)$ and $0.624{\mu}m$ in cluster 3 ($(B-15\simB-18)$. There were significant difference among Ra of three clusters. 3 Ra of B-IM group was decreased 210.72% than Ra of F group. Ra of B-8 group and B-15 group was increased 35.49% and 51.35% respectively than Ra of B-IM group. 4. On FE-SEM, B-IM group showed the smoothest resin surface. B-8 group and B-15 group showed vertically shallow scratches , and wide and irregular vertical scratches on composite resin surface respectively. Within a limitation of this study, finished resin surface will be again smooth and glazy if BisCover would be reapplied within 8 to 14 months after applying to resin surface.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1086-1093
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• 2012

This research was carried out to develop the correction method of VDI4630 method improving accuracy, and investigated the effects of carbonate ion ($CO_3{^{2-}}$) and reactant water ($H_2O$) on anaerobic organic biodegradability in VDI4630 method. Pig blood, pig intestine residue, pig digestive tract content, and cattle rumen content were experimented as waste biomasses. Chemical formulas of pig blood, pig intestine residue, pig digestive tract content, and cattle rumen content were $C_{3.78}H_{8.39}O_{1.46}N_1S_{0.01}$, $C_{9.69}H_{15.42}O_{2.85}N_1S_{0.03}$, $C_{25.17}H_{43.32}O_{15.04}N_1$, $C_{27.23}H_{42.38}O_{15.93}N_1S_{0.11}$, respectively. And amount of reactant moisture for the anaerobic degradation of organic materials were 0.336, 0.485, 0.227, 0.266 mol, respectively. In pig blood, pig intestine residue, pig digestive tract content, and cattle rumen content, anaerobic organic biodegradability presented as $B_u/B_{th}$ were 82.3, 81.5, 70.8, and 66.1%, and anaerobic organic biodegradability (AB) by VDI4630 method were 72.2, 87.8, 74.2, 62.0%, and that were significantly different with anaerobic organic biodegradability presented as $B_u/B_{th}$. The effects of carbonate ion and reactant water on anaerobic organic biodegradability were not significant, But Accuracy of anaerobic organic degradability was expected to able to be improved by the correction method of VDI4630 considering the carbonate ion at digestate and the reactant water quantified.