• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2022

Background: This study attempted to apply resin infiltrant (RI) as a method to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment and compared it with fluoride varnish (FV) or artificial saliva to evaluate the effect. Methods: Sixty healthy lozenge specimens were classified into five groups. Group 1 was the negative control group, and discoloration was induced after artificial saliva treatment of the tooth specimen (G1_S+C). Group 2 was a positive control group, in which pigmentation was induced after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G2 _B+S+C). Coloration was induced in group 3 (experimental group 1) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by application of fluorine varnish (G3_B+FV+S+C). Coloration was induced in Group 4 (experimental group 2) after applying RI after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G4_B+RI+S+C). Pigmentation was induced in group 5 (experimental group 3) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by acid treatment (etching) and treatment with RI (G5_B+E+RI+S+C). Coffee and wine were used to induce discoloration. The lightness value (L^*) of the CIE L^*a^*b^* color system was obtained by image analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was performed for the mean difference in L^* values by group. Results: When coloration was induced with coffee, there was no significant difference in L^* value between artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups. There was no significant difference in L^* values between the artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups, even in the case of wine induced coloration. Conclusion: It was confirmed that artificial saliva or RI treatment had similar effects to the FV previously used to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1993

A hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra B of a $C^{*}$-algebra A is said to be full if B is not contained in any proper closed two-sided ideal in A, so each hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra of a simple $C^{*}$-algebra is always full. It is well known that every $C^{*}$-algebra is strong Morita equivalent to its full hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra, but the strong Morita equivalence of a $C^{*}$-algebra A and its hereditary $C^{*}$-subalgebra B does not imply the fullness of B, ingeneral. We present the following lemma for our computational convenience in the course of the proof of the main theorem. Note that $L_{B}$, $L_{B}$$^{*}$ and $L_{B}$ $L_{B}$$^{*}$ are all .alpha.-invariant whenever B is .alpha.-invariant under the action .alpha. of G.a. of G.a. of G.a. of G.f G.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.192-196
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• 1985

국내 액상발효유 7개 회사 제품을 수거하여 미생물학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 7개 회사 제품(A, B, C, D, E, F 및 G)에서 분리한 8종의 유산균(a, b, b', c, d, e, f 및 g)을 동정해 본 결과 A회사 제품의 a균과 E회사 제품의 e균은 L. casei로 B회사 제품의 b균은 L. acidophilus로, B회사 제품의 b'균, C 회사 제품의 c균 및 G회사 제품의 g균은 L. jugurti로, F 회사 제품의 f균은 L. helveticus로, D회사 제품의 d균은 L. bulgaricus로 각각 동정되었다. L. helveticus로 동정된 f균과 L. jugurti로 동정된 c균은 인공위액에 대한 내성은 높았으나 담즙산에 대한 내성은 높지 못했다. L. acidophilus로 동정된 b균과 L. casei로 동정된 a균 및 e균은 인공위액과 담즙산에 대한 내성이 모두 높았고, L. bulgaricus로 동정된 d균과 L. jugurti 동정된 b'균 및 g균은 인공위액과 담즙산에 대한 내성이 모두 낮았다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2023

Different versions of the boundary Schwarz lemma for the 𝒩 (𝜌) class are discussed in this study. Also, for the function g(z) = z+b₂z²+b₃z³+... defined in the unit disc D such that g ∈ 𝒩 (𝜌), we estimate a modulus of the angular derivative of g(z) function at the boundary point 1 ∈ 𝜕D with g'(1) = 1 + 𝜎 (1 - 𝜌), where ${\rho}={\frac{1}{n}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}g(c_i)={\frac{g^{\prime}(c_1)+g^{\prime}(c_2)+{\ldots}+g^{\prime}(c_n)}{n}}{\in}g^{\prime}(D)$ and 𝜌≠1, 𝜎 > 1 and c₁, c₂, ..., c_n ∈ 𝜕D. That is, we shall give an estimate below |g"(1)| according to the first nonzero Taylor coefficient of about two zeros, namely z = 0 and z ≠ 0. Estimating is made by using the arithmetic average of n different derivatives g'(c₁), g'(c₂), ..., g'(c_n).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1400-1406
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• 2014

커피 오일을 코팅한 천일염을 제조한 후 실온에서 5개월 동안 저장하면서 품질특성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 천일염은 모두 3년 숙성된 것으로 $105^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 건조시킨 소금으로 3가지 제품 중 A 제품은 천일염 100 g+커피 오일 8 g, B 제품은 천일염 100 g+커피 오일 16 g, C 제품은 천일염 100 g+커피 오일 8 g+패각 가루 0.3 g을 첨가하여 제조하였다. 커피 오일은 총 지방 함량을 측정하였고, 커피 천일염 제조 직후와 5개월 동안 매 1개월마다 커피 천일염의 수분, 회분, 색도, 향기성분, 과산화물가, 산가, 커피에 적용한 관능평가를 측정하였으며 무기질 함량은 1회 측정하였다. 커피 천일염의 수분 함량은 2~3% 수준으로 나타났으며 회분 함량은 81~83%로 나타났고, 저장기간에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 수분 함량이 가장 높은 것은 B 제품이었고, 회분 함량이 가장 높은 것은 C 제품으로 나타났다. 무기질 중 칼슘 함량은 C 제품이 가장 높게 나타났으며 철분은 A와 C 제품에서 나타났다. 커피 천일염 제조초기에 비해 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 명도, 적색도, 황색도 모두 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, A와 C 제품에 비해 B 제품의 적색도가 높게 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 과산화물가는 B 제품이 저장 전 기간을 통하여 높게 나타났으며, A 제품이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 산가는 2개월까지 모두 서서히 상승하다가 2개월 이후에는 B 제품이 다른 제품보다 급격하게 상승하였으며, 5개월까지 A와 C 제품이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 관능평가에서 A와 C 제품은 4개월까지 품질이 유지된 반면 B 제품은 3개월까지 품질유지기간으로 나타났다. 전 기간을 통하여 미생물은 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과로 볼 때 세 가지 종류 중 A 제품이 상품화에 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났다.

• Composites Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

흑연분말 첨가가 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 페놀수지에 흑연분말을 0~30wt.%첨가하여 greenbody(G/B)를 제조하고 이를 $1000^{\circ}C$까지 탄화시켜 탄소/탄소 복합재료를 제조하였다. 굽힘특성은 G/B와 탄소/탄소 복합재료 모두 흑연분말 20wt.% 첨가시 최대치를 보였으며, 그 이상에서는 수지 내의inhomogeneity 증가 때문에 굽힘강도가 감소하였다. 페놀수지만을 경화시킨 경우에는 흑연분말을 20wt.% 첨가한 수지의 굽힘 강도가 첨가하지 않은 수지의 경우보다 낮은 값을 보였으나, 탄화 후에는 혹연분말의 첨가가 탄화수축 감소와 균열경로를 바꾸어 주는 효과를 주어서, 분말을 첨가한 시편의 굽힘 강도가 3배 이상 증가하였다. Mode II ENF 시험결과, G/B와 탄소/탄소 복합재료 모두 20wt.%의 흑연분말 첨가시에 에너지해방율($G_{II}$)이 증가하였으나, 분말의 첨가가 탄소/탄소 복합재료에 더 효과적임을 에너지해방율의 증가치로부터 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

시중에 유통중인 발아현미 무균포장밥 제품 2종을 대상으로 품질특성을 조사하였다. 수분함량은 $64.5\%$였으며 주요 유리당은 glucose, sucrose, maltose로 A 제품은 glucose가 $0.20\%$, B 제품은 sucrose 함량이 $0.50\%$로 각각 가장 많았다. 발아현미밥의 백색도는 69.32로 B 제품이 높았으며, vitamin E 함량은 A 제품이 $30.7\;{\mu}g/100g$, B제품이 $46.9\;{\mu}g/100g$이었고, 식이섬유 함량은 A 제품이 $2.8\%$, B 제품이 $2.2\%$로 분석되었다. DSC 특성에서는 두 제품이 전반적으로 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, peak 1의 호화개시온도는 각각 $56.5^{\circ}C$, $56.2^{\circ}C$ 호화엔탈피는 5.46 J/g, 5.56 J/g이었다. Peak 2의 호화개시온도는 $109.5^{\circ}C$, $108.9^{\circ}C$이고 용융엔탈피는 0.33 J/g, 0.37 J/g였다. 관능평가 결과에서는 외관, 맛, 조직감에서 높은평가를 받은 B 제품이 더 양호한 전반적기호도를 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2017

Porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes the Aujeszky's disease (AD) which is economically important disease in the swine industry worldwide. Killed or live vaccines have been used to control this disease, but their efficacy and side effects remain problems to be solved. To solve these problems, in this study, production of recombinant PRV glycoprotein gB, gC and gD was investigated in insect expression system. Glycoprotein gB, gC and gD are regarded as the major immunogenic antigens in PRV. Abundant production and immunogenicity of glycoprotein gB, gC and gD were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, respectively. Optimal infection dose and time were also determined for the production of each recombinant PRV glycoprotein. Confirmation of glycosylation of recombinant gB, gC and gD suggested their usefulness as antigens for the development of diagnosis kit or vaccines for Aujeszky's disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

The growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in culture was investigated as a function of ionic copper concentrations to verify the toxicity and physiological variation. In a $Cu^{++}$ excess culture (E: $Cu^{++}$ of $130{\mu}g/l$), the growth rate (K)(0.32) was lower than that of the control culture (C: $Cu^{++}$ of $0.065{\mu}g/l$) (0.61) after 8 days and the exponential growth rate ($R_E$) was also found to be lower in culture E (1.1) than culture C (2.9). On the contrary, the K of S. capricornutum in trace $Cu^{++}$ culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$, 0.72) after 6 days tended to be more increased than culture C (0.68). From 8 to 14 days of culture, the amounts of chlorophyllls a and b were increased in culture C (chlorophyll a, $106->126{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $158->208{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b were decreased in culture E (chlorophyll a, $309->235{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $405->352{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). The amounts of chlorophylls in ionic copper trace culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$) [(chl a/b) of $T_1$: $384/620\;{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; (chl a/b) of $T^2$:$320/467{\mu}g/g$ dry wt] were increased more than the culture C($260/387{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). Howeveer, when photosynthetic rates were normalized to the dry weight of algae, the control culture continued to showed higher values than the treated culture ($T_1$). An appropriate amount of ionic copper ($T_1:\;26\;{\mu}g/l$) stimulated the grwoth of S. capricornutum than the ionic copper content of $13\;{\mu}g/l$ ($T_2$), while the excess amount of ionic copper ($130\;{\mu}g/l$) resulted in the highest toxicity to the growth of S. capricornutum.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1983

From January to March in 1979 and 1982, the vaccination rate of B.C.G., D.P.T and Sabin with 392 infants who were registered at M.C.H. room in a Health Center in Seoul were as follows: 1 There were no specific relations between the sex and the vaccination for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio. 2. In 1982, the younger the mother's age was, the higher the vaccination rate for B.C.G. was. For the D.P.T. and Polio the rate of above 35 year group was the highest but the completion rate of the vaccination and the regular vaccination rate were the highest in the age of 30-34 year group. 3. In 1982. the higher the educational levels of tile mother were, the higher the vaccination rates for B.C.G., D.P.T. and Polio were. 4. The vaccination rate for B.C.G. within a month after birth was the highest in Salaried laborer group. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T. add Polio were also the highest in salaried laborer group. 5. In 1982, the rates of all vaccination for B.C.G. were tile highest in the first child. The completion rate of the vaccination and regular vaccination rate for D.P.T and Polio were also the highest in the first child in 1982.