• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2004

Objectives:Recently, polymorphisms of several serotonin genes have been suggested to be associated with suicide, but the results are still unclear. We examined whether the T102C polymorphisms of the serotonin 2A receptor gene and the G861C polymorphisms of the serotonin 1B receptor gene were associated with suicidal behavior using drug intoxication. Methods:The subjects were 52 patients who visited emergency room with suicidal behaviors. Fifty controls were selected from healthy volunteers matched for sex and age to the suicide subjects. The polymorphisms were analyzed with TaqMan$^{(R)}$ assay using primers based on previous studies. Results:The T102C polymorphism of the serotonin 2A receptor gene showed no significant difference between the suicidal attempters and controls in both genotype and allele frequency analyses(p=0.179 and p=0.422, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the suicidal attempters and the controls in the G861C polymorphism of the serotonin 1B receptor gene and any significant effect of the genotype distributions or the allele frequencies was not observed(p=0.092 and p=0.987, respectively). Conclusion:These findings suggest that the T102C polymorphism in serotonin 2A receptor gene and the G861C polymorphism in serotonin 1B receptor gene are not related to the susceptibility to suicide attempts using drugs. To clarify the genetic influences of the serotonergic system on suicidal behavior, the polymorphisms of other candidate genes in the serotonergic system should be studied with larger numbers of subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2010

To estimate the regulatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts on melanin biosynthesis, we evaluated the regulatory effects of the tyrosinase gene on B16 melanoma cells. The results revealed that methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis resulted in a high increase in the expression of the tyrosinase gene. Specifically, treatment with extracts at concentrations of $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ resulted in increases in tyrosinase gene expression rates of approximately 231% and 256%, respectively, when compared to the control. Moreover, the solvent fraction layers(methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water) improved the expression of the tyrosinase gene, but to a lesser degree than the methanolic extracts. An MTT assay revealed, that the methanolic extract exhibited very low cytotoxicities at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that the methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis was a very effective positive regulator of tyrosinase gene expression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.582-588
• /
• 1999

A Brevibacterium lactofermentum gene coding for a glucose-specific permease of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) was cloned, by complementing an Escherichia coli mutation affecting a ptsG gene with the B. lactofermentum genomic library, and completely sequenced. The gene was identified as a ptsG, which enables an E. coli transformant to transport non-metabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). The ptsG gene of B. lactofermentum consists of an open reading frame of 2,025 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 674 amino acid residues and a TAA stop codon. The 3' flanking region contains two stem-loop structures which may be involved in transcriptional termination. The deduced amino acid sequence of the B. lactofermentum enzyme $II^{GIe}$ specific to glucose ($EII^{GIe}$) has a high homology with the Corynebacterium glutamicum enzyme $II^{Man}$ specific to glucose and mannose ($EII^{Man}$), and the Brevibacterium ammoniagenes enzyme $II^{GIc}$ specific to glucose ($EII^{GIc}$). The 171-amino-acid C-terminal sequence of the $EII^{Glc}$ is also similar to the Escherichia coli enzyme $IIA^{GIc}$ specific to glucose ($IIA^{GIc}$). It is interesting that the arrangement of the structural domains, IIBCA, of the B. lactofermentum $EII^{GIc}$ protein is identical to that of EIIs specific to sucrose or $\beta$-glucoside. Several in vivo complementation studies indicated that the B. lactofermentum $EII^{Glc}$ protein could replace both $EII^{ Glc}$ and $EIIA^{Glc}$ in an E. coli ptsG mutant or crr mutant, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.128-135
• /
• 1984

Gamadi, a native rice cultivar from Nepal in which the panicle remains enclosed within its flag leaf sheath upto maturity, was crossed with different genetic marker testers of 12 linkage groups in order to analyze its linkage relationship. The results obtained from the experiment were summarized as follows: Normal segregations of all the genetic marker genes used in this experiment viz Cl, wx and Pla of linkage group I, Pn, Rd and Pub of linkage group III, and lg, g, Ps, gh, Hla, la, nl, bl, be and gl of linkage groups II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII respectively confirmed the previous results, and also strongly indicated that the genetic constituent of the Gamadi and marker testers is same. 'Gamadiness' (the panicle enclosing character) was controlled by two complementary dominant genes with the segregation ratio of 9 Gamadi to 7 normal panicle-exserting types. These genes have been temporarily proposed as G-a and G-b for gamadiness. G-a gene was found to be linked with the neckleaf gene (nl) of linkage group Ⅸ with the crossover value of 0.3733$\pm$0.027. G-b gene appeared to be associated with the brittle culm gene (bc) of the linkage group XI with the crossover value of 0.2725$\pm$0.061.TEX>0.061.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2014

Methane oxidation and the production potentials of ground soil (soil A) and garden soil (soil B, C, & D) in an urban school were evaluated, and the methanotrophic and methanogen communities in the soil samples were quantified using quantitative realtime PCR. The methanotrophic community in the raw soil A sample possessed a $6.1{\times}10^3$ gene copy number/g dry weight soil, whereas those in the raw soils B~D samples were $1.6-1.9{\times}10^5$ gene copy numbers/g dry weight soil. Serum bottles added with the soil samples were enriched with methane gas, and then evaluated for their methane oxidation potential. The soil A sample had a longer induction phase for methane oxidation than the other soils. However, soil A showed a similar methane oxidation potential with soils B~D after the induction phase. The methanotrophic community in the enriched soil A sample was increased by up to $2.3{\times}10^7$ gene copy numbers/g dry weight soil, which had no significantly difference compared with those in soils B~D ($1.2-2.8{\times}10^8$ gene copy numbers/g dry weight soil). Methane production showed a similar tendency to methane oxidation. The methanogens community in raw soil A ($1.7{\times}10^5$ gene copy number/g dry weight soil) was much less than those in raw soils B~D ($1.3-3.4{\times}10^7$ gene copy numbers/g dry weight soil). However, after methane gas was produced by adding starch to the soils, soil samples A~D showed $10^7$ gene copy numbers/g dry weight soil in methanogens communities. The results indicate that methanotrophic and methanogenic bacteria have coexisted in this urban school's soils. Moreover, under appropriate conditions for methane oxidation and production, methanotrophic bacteria and methanogens are increased and they have the potential for methane oxidation and production.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder which causes excessive copper accumulation in the hepatic region. So far, ATP7B gene is the only disease-causing gene of Wilson disease known to date. However, ATP7B mutations have not been found in ~15% of the patients. This study was performed to identify any causative gene in Wilson disease patients without an ATP7B mutation in either allele. Materials and Methods: The sequence of the coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of the five ATP7B-interacting genes, ATOX1, COMMD1, GLRX, DCTN4, and ZBTB16, were analyzed in the 12 patients with Wilson disease. Results: Three nonsynonymous variants including c.1084A>G (p.Thr362Ala) in the exon 12 of the DCTN4 gene were identified in the patients examined. Among these, only p.Thr362Ala was predicted as possibly damaging protein function by in silico analysis. Examination of allele frequency of c.1084A>G (p.Thr362Ala) variant in the 176 patients with Wilson disease and in the 414 normal subjects revealed that the variant was more prevalent in the Wilson disease patients (odds ratio [OR]=3.14, 95% confidence interval=1.36-7.22, P=0.0094). Conclusion: Our result suggests that c.1084A>G (p.Thr362Ala) in the ATP7B-interacting DCTN4 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of Wilson disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 1993

A chicken H2B histone gene was cloned and expressed in Rat 3 cell line. Its messenger RNA level was about 10 times higher during S phase than during $G_1$ phase. A chimeric chicken-yeast-chicken H2B histone gene was made to change some of wobble sequences of chicken H2B gene. When the chimeric H2B gene was transfected into the Rat 3 cell line, it showed a pattern of expression similar to that of the original chicken H2B gene. At least in this gene, it was concluded that the wobble sequences were not required for the cell-cycle regulated pattern of expression.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1 s.63
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2007

Clove extract by methanol increased expression of the tyrosinase gene on B16 mouse melanoma cells containing tyrosinase promoter. $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract showed expression rate of the tyrosinase gene about 138% and 245%, respectively, compared with control. At $500{\mu}g/mL$, expression rate of the extract was impossible to measurement by high cytotoxicity. The solvent fraction of methylene chloride also exhibited highly expression rate as methanol extract. However, the solvent fractions of butyl alcohol and water showed repressive effect on expression of tyrosinase gene at $500{\mu}g/mL$. In MTT assay, cell survival rate of the extract exhibited similar to expression rate of tyrosinase gene. That is, $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract showed the cell survival rate about 128% and 187%, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.400-405
• /
• 1998

The ddh gene encoding meso-DAP-dehydrogenase (DDH) involved in the dehydrogenase pathway is essential for high-level lysine production in Brevibacterium lactofermentum. To investigate the effect of the ddh gene amplification on lysine production by B. lactofementum, we constructed two E. coli -B. lactofermentum shuttle vector, pEB1 and pEB2. The recombinant plasmids, pRK1 and pRK2, carrying the ddh gene were introduced into B. lactofermentum by electroporation. The specific activity of DDH by amplification of the ddh gene was increased 7-fold, and also L-Lysine production of B. lactofermentum strains harboring recombinant plasmids were 18∼20% higher than that of the control.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 1999

BamHI restriction pattern and genomic library of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) strain G were constructed, and locations of the glycoproteins gB and gD, and tk genes on the fragments were detected by Southern blot analysis. HSV-2 genomic DNAs were cleaved into twenty-seven fragments by BamHI enzyme in the range of 0.72 to 15.08 (total 150.44 kb), which were cloned into the BamHI site of pBluescript SK(+) to construct genome library of the HSV-2. The library was named by the order of the fragment size from smallest one to largest one. HSV-2 glycoprotein gD gene was located in pHLA2-21 and pHLA2-22 recombinant plasmids, gB gene in pHLA2-24 plasmid, and tk gene in pHLA2-11 clone by Southern blot analysis.