• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.55-67
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• 1999

A puc -deleted cell of Rhodobacter sphaeroides grows with a doubling time longer than 160 h under the light-limiting photoheterotrophic ( 3 Watts [W]/㎡) conditions due to an absence of the peripheral light-harvesting B800-850 complex. A spontaneous fast-growing mutant, R.sphaeroides SK101 was ioslate dto have∼40-h doubling at 3 Watts/㎡, while the growth of the mutant was not distinguished from its parental strain during both aerobic and light-saturating photoheterotrphic (10W/㎡) growth. The B875 complex of SK101 under the light-limiting conditions was elevated by 20 to 30% compared with that of the puc -deleted cell, reflecting parallel increase of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the mutant. The formation of B875 complex of SK101 under the anaerobic dark conditions with dimethylsulfoxide was the same as that of the puc-deleted cell. suggesting that the mutation of SK101 result in the altered control of B875 complex formation by light. When puc is restored in SK101 , it is not B875 complex but B800-850 complex which formation is elevated. The mutation of SK101 affected the bchF transcription most drastically to show two to tenfold increase during both aerobic and photoheterotrophic growth. The mutated phenotype of SK101 was complemented with pW2, which contains approximately 100-kb HNA of the photosynthetic gene clusters. The complementing DNA was narrowed down to a 1.1-kb DNA containing orfQ and pufKBA . The mutation of SK101 appeared to be exerted through the mutation of the orfQ gene encoding a putative bacteriochlorophyll -mobilizing protein.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.13
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• pp.39-39
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• 2003

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.752-763
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• 2003

In the large scale B2B transaction like buying ´Express-Train´ or selling ´Daewoo Motor`, a tremendous amount of variables and factors of chaos functionate in it directly or indirectly. To get the effective information processing on the so called complex system like this, it should be possible to unite the human´s ability on the implicit information processing and the agent´s ability on the explicit information processing. In this paper, we suggested a union model for uniting these two heterogeneous abilities and showed how the suggested model can be used for processing the information of such a complex system as B2B negotiation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.402-405
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• 1997

Olefinic and cyclopropyl group substituted arenes (C6H5Y) react with [Cp*Ir(CH3COCH3)3]A2 (A=ClO4-, OTf-) to give η6-arene complexes, [Cp*Ir(η6-C6H5Y)]2+ (1a: Y=-CH=CH2 (a),-CH=CHCH3 (b),-C(CH3)=CH2 (c),-CH-CH2-CH2 (d)). Complex 1b-1d are readily converted into η3-allyl complexes, [Cp*(CH3CN)Ir(η3-CH(C6H5)CHCH2)]+ (2a) and [Cp*(CH3CN)Ir(η3-CH2(C6H5)CH2)]+ (2b), in the presence of Na2CO3 in CH3CN. The η6-styrene complex, 1a reacts with NaBH4 to give η5-cyclohexadienyl complex, [Cp*Ir(η5-C6H6-CH=CH2)]+ (3), while with H2 it gives η6-ethylbenzene complex [Cp*Ir(η6-C6H5CH2CH3)]2+ (4). Complex 1a and 1c react with HCl to give [Cp*Ir(η6-C6H5CH2CH2Cl)]2+ (5a) and [Cp*Ir(η6-C6H5CH(CH3)CH2Cl]2+ (5b), respectively.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.279-286
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• 2019

Complex Grassmann manifolds $G_{n,k}$ are a generalization of complex projective spaces and have many important features some of which are captured by the $Pl{\ddot{u}}cker$ embedding $f:G_{n,k}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$ where $N=\(^n_k\)$. The problem of existence of cross sections of fibrations can be studied using the Gottlieb group. In a more generalized context one can use the relative evaluation subgroup of a map to describe the cohomology of smooth fiber bundles with fiber the (complex) Grassmann manifold $G_{n,k}$. Our interest lies in making use of techniques of rational homotopy theory to address problems and questions involving applications of Gottlieb groups in general. In this paper, we construct the Sullivan minimal model of the (complex) Grassmann manifold $G_{n,k}$ for $2{\leq}k<n$, and we compute the rational evaluation subgroup of the embedding $f:G_{n,k}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$. We show that, for the Sullivan model ${\phi}:A{\rightarrow}B$, where A and B are the Sullivan minimal models of ${\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$ and $G_{n,k}$ respectively, the evaluation subgroup $G_n(A,B;{\phi})$ of ${\phi}$ is generated by a single element and the relative evaluation subgroup $G^{rel}_n(A,B;{\phi})$ is zero. The triviality of the relative evaluation subgroup has its application in studying fibrations with fibre the (complex) Grassmann manifold.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

It will be described the discovery of fundamental algebras such as complex numbers and the quaternions. Cardano(1539) was the first to introduce special types of complex numbers such as 5$\pm$$\sqrt{-15}$. Girald called the number a$\pm$$\sqrt{-b}$ solutions impossible. The term imaginary numbers was introduced by Descartes(1629) in “Discours la methode, La geometrie.” Euler knew the geometrical representation of complex numbers by points in a plane. Geometrical definitions of the addition and multiplication of complex numbers conceiving as directed line segments in a plane were given by Gauss in 1831. The expression “complex numbers” seems to be Gauss. Hamilton(1843) defined the complex numbers as paire of real numbers subject to conventional rules of addition and multiplication. Cauchy(1874) interpreted the complex numbers as residue classes of polynomials in R[x] modulo $x^2$＋1. Sophus Lie(1880) introduced commutators [a, b] by the way expressing infinitesimal transformation as differential operations. In this paper, it will be studied general quaternion algebras to finding of algebraic structure in Algebras.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2013

In the paper, we propose a new CSS(Complex Signed-Signed) CMA(Constant Modulus Algorithm) algorithm for ICS(Interference Cancellation System). When the repeater get the feedback signal, the CSS CMA algorithm is proposed at the ICS repeater using DSP(Digital Signal Processing) for the removal of interfering signals from the feedback paths. The proposed CSS CMA algorithm improved performances and hardware complexity by adjusting step size values. the steady state MSE(Mean Square Error) performance of the proposed CSS CMA algorithm with step size of 0.00043 is about 4dB better than the conventional CMA algorithm. And the proposed Complex Signed Signed CMA algorithm requires 1950 ~ 2150 less iterations than the LMS(Least Mean Square) and Signed LMS(Normalized Least Mean Square) algorithms at MSE of -25dB.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.251-266
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• 2018

In this paper, considering the class of complex Kropina metrics we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions that these are generalized Berwald and complex Douglas metrics, respectively. Special attention is devoted to a class of complex Douglas-Kropina spaces, in complex dimension 2. Also, some examples of complex Douglas-Kropina metrics are pointed out. Finally, the complex Douglas-Kropina metrics are characterized through the theory of projectively related complex Finsler metrics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

In this note we prove the following result: Let A be a complex Banach *-algebra with continuous involution and let B be an $A^{*}$-algebra./T(A) = B. Then T is continuous (Theorem 2). From above theorem some others results of special interest and some well-known results follow. (Corollaries 3,4,5,6 and 7). We close this note with some generalizations and some remarks (Theorems 8.9.10 and question). Throughout this note we consider only complex algebras. Let A and B be complex algebras. A linear mapping T from A into B is called jordan homomorphism if T( $x^{1}$) = (Tx)$^{2}$ for all x in A. A linear mapping T : A .rarw. B is called spectrally-contractive mapping if .rho.(Tx).leq..rho.(x) for all x in A, where .rho.(x) denotes spectral radius of element x. Any homomorphism algebra is a spectrally-contractive mapping. If A and B are *-algebras, then a homomorphism T : A.rarw.B is called *-homomorphism if (Th)$^{*}$=Th for all self-adjoint element h in A. Recall that a Banach *-algebras is a complex Banach algebra with an involution *. An $A^{*}$-algebra A is a Banach *-algebra having anauxiliary norm vertical bar . vertical bar which satisfies $B^{*}$-condition vertical bar $x^{*}$x vertical bar = vertical bar x vertical ba $r^{2}$(x in A). A Banach *-algebra whose norm is an algebra $B^{*}$-norm is called $B^{*}$-algebra. The *-semi-simple Banach *-algebras and the semi-simple hermitian Banach *-algebras are $A^{*}$-algebras. Also, $A^{*}$-algebras include $B^{*}$-algebras ( $C^{*}$-algebras). Recall that a semi-prime algebra is an algebra without nilpotents two-sided ideals non-zero. The class of semi-prime algebras includes the class of semi-prime algebras and the class of prime algebras. For all concepts and basic facts about Banach algebras we refer to [2] and [8].].er to [2] and [8].].

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2249-2252
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• 2011

Two new carborane complexes containing closo- or nido-carborane diphosphine ligands with the formula: complex $[Hg(7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_{10})_2]$ $CH_2Cl_2$ (1) and $[Ag_2({\mu}-Cl)_2(1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10})_2]$ (2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure determination. The X-ray structure analyses revealed that the carborane diphosphine ligand was degraded from closo-1,2-$(PPh_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10}$ to nido-[$7,8-(PPh_2)_2-7,8-C_2B_9H_{10}]^-$ in complex 1, while the closo nature of the starting ligand $1,2-(P^iPr_2)_2-1,2-C_2B_{10}H_{10}$ was retained in complex 2. In either of the two complexes, the carborane diphosphine ligand was coordinated bidentately to the Hg(II) or Ag(I) center through its two phosphorus atoms, therefore forming a five-member cheating ring between the carborane ligand and the metal center. The coordination geometry of the metal atom is distorted tetrahedron formed by $P_4$ unit in complex 1 and $P_2Cl_2$ unit in complex 2, respectively.