• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.533-546
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• 2008

This study aims on observing the recognition and attitude of caring for outer appearance by deducing the factors of men caring for their outer appearance at current point where male position is being emphasized in the appearance related market and their interest for outer appearance care is increasing. As a result of conducting a survey, male appearance caring behavior was distinguished into fashion, skin and cosmetic, cosmetic surgery, physical image, and hair factors, and among them, physical image factor showed the highest average, which proves that men generally have positive attitude towards caring for their looks. Concerning skin and cosmetics, the results show that interest is high regardless of age and occupation, and the lower the age is, the higher average for fashion, cosmetic surgery, and hair factors, proving that young men have more interest for caring after their looks. However, there was difference in outer appearance caring behavior pursued or favored by each age bracket according to the higher average for physical image in the age bracket higher than 30. Also, each factor of outer appearance caring behavior turned out to have significant correlation to each other.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the setup accuracy for tangential breast treatment patients using electronic portal image and 2-D reconstruction image Twenty two patients undergoing tangential breast treatment. To explore the setup accuracy, distances between chosen landmarks were taken as reference parameters. The difference between measured reference parameters on simulation films and electronic portal images (EPIs) was calculated as the setup error. A total of 22 simulation films and 110 EPIs were evaluated. In the tangential fields, the calculated reference parameters were the central lung distance (CLD), central soft-tissue distance (CSTD), and above lung distance (ALD), below lung distance (BLD). In the medial tangential field, the average difference values for these parameters were 1.0, -6.4, -2.1 and 2.0, respectively; and the ${\sigma}$ values were 1.5, 2.3, 4.1 and 1.1, respectively. In the lateral tangential field, the average difference values for these parameters were -1.5, -4.3, -2.7 and -1.3, respectively; and the ${\sigma}$ values were 3.3, 2.1, 2.9 and 2.5, respectively. CLD, CSTD, ALD and BLD in the tangential fields are easily identifiable and are helpful for detecting setup errors using EPIs in patients undergoing tangential breast radiotherapy treatment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.851-854
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• 2003

The low power motion estimation for MPEG-4 is a soft-core for hardwired motion estimation block in MPEG-4. This motion estimation is modified by 10 difference mode. So, this motion estimation decrease a power consumption compare conventional step search. This modified 4SS Low power Motion Estimation has been tested and verified to be valid for implementation of FPGA. The average PSNR between the original image and the motion-compensated image is 28.25dB. And Power consumption is 26mW.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1574-1585
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• 2007

This paper aimed to investigate the difference of clothing behavior and desired image according to individualism-collectivism cultural tendency for women. A survey of 217 adult women was conducted from November to December 2006, mainly in Daegu. Reliability, frequency, percentage, factor analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Tukey test and an -analysis were used for data analysis by using SPSS WIN 11.0 package. The results were as follows: First, while the group with a higher tendency toward individualism valued personality and convenience above everything else, the group which has a higher tendency to collectivism disposition has a much greater interested in conformity and brand-orientation. Second, while the group with a higher tendency toward individualism pursued an bold image for their clothing, the group with a higher tendency toward collectivism preferred a feminine and plain image. Third, regarding the individualism-collectivism and demographic peculiarity, there were no significant differences between the two groups according to marital status and average monthly income. However, there were significant differences in individualism-collectivism among the groups determined by age, occupation, educational background and rural or urban background.

• Atmosphere
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a digital model and cone beam computed tomograph(CBCT) image for model analysis. Methods: Model analyses of CBCT images, plaster models, and digital models of 20 orthodontic patients with a permanent dentition with no proximal metal restorations, were compared. Results: The average differences of tooth size measurements were 0.01 to 0.20 mm, and the average difference of arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.41 mm in the maxilla and 0.82 mm in the mandible. The difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements was 0.17 mm for the anterior region and 0.44 mm overall but with no statistically significant difference. When comparing CBCT images with plaster models, the average differences in tooth size measurements were -0.22 to 0.01 mm, and the average differences in arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.43 mm in the maxilla and 0.32 mm in the mandible. Difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements were 0.35 mm in the anterior region and 1.25 mm overall. CBCT images showed significantly smaller overall Bolton discrepancy measurements. Conclusions: Although there were statistically significant differences in some model analysis measurements, the ranges of measurement errors of the digital model and CBCT images were clinically acceptable. Therefore, a digital model and CBCT image can be used for model analysis.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the method detecting multiple pedestrians using motion information and SVM(Support Vector Machine) from a moving camera image. First, we detect moving pedestrians from both the difference image and the projection histogram which is compensated for the camera ego-motion using corresponding feature sets. The difference image is simple method but it is not detected motionless pedestrians. Thus, to fix up this problem, we detect motionless pedestrians using SVM The SVM works well particularly in binary classification problem such as pedestrian detection. However, it is not detected in case that the pedestrians are adjacent or they move arms and legs excessively in the image. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed the method detecting motionless and adjacent pedestrians as well as people who take excessive action in the image using motion information and SVM The experimental results on our various test video sequences demonstrated the high efficiency of our approach as it had shown an average detection ratio of 94% and False Positive of 2.8%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2000

This paper investigated the sub-region compression effect of the three dimensional DCT(3D-DCT) using the difference component(DC) of inter-frame in images. The proposed algorithm are the method that obtain compression effect to divide the information into subband after 3D-DCT, the data appear the type of cubic block(8${\times}$8${\times}$8) in eight difference components per unit. In the frequence domain that transform the eight differential component frames into eight DCT frames with components of both spatial and temporal frequencies of inter-frame, the image data are divided into frame component(8${\times}$8 block) of time-axis direction into 4${\times}$4 sub block in order to effectively obtain compression data because image components are concentrate in corner region with low-frequency of cubic block. Here, using the weight of sub block, we progressed compression ratio as consider to adaptive sub-region of low frequency part. In simulation, we estimated compression ratio, reconstructed image resolution(PSNR) with the simpler image and the complex image contained the higher frequency component. In the result, we could obtain the high compression effect of 30.36dB(average value in the complex-image) and 34.75dB(average value in the simple-image) in compression range of 0.04~0.05bpp.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate the bone densities measured on copper-equivalent image of cross sectional view of mandibular edentulous premolar area obtained by multifuctional panoramic x-ray machine, PM 2002 CC with transversal slicing system. Materials and Methods: Panoramic cross sectional views with 8 mm focal layer of aluminum step and blocks, of hydroxyapatite (RA) step, 6 HA blocks and copper step wedge having 0.03 mm thickness of each step, and of 3 bone blocks cutted by 8 mm thickness mesiodistally and a dry mandible with copper step wedge were taken by using transversal slicing system in PM 2002 Cc. All reference-equivalent images were made and analyzed by NIH image program. Results: The average copper-equivalent value of cancellous bone of bone blocks on the panoramic cross sectional view was 0.026 ± 0.020 mm Cu. The calculated average bone density was 0.38g/cm². There was no significant difference (P>0.1) between the bone densities on intraoral digital view and on the panoramic digital cross sectional view. Conclusion: The copper-equivalent image of panoramic digital cross sectional view obtained by PM 2002 CC with very thin copper step wedge was supposed to be useful to measure the bone density of cancellous bone of mandible at the premolar edentulous area.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.102-111
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• 2015

This paper proposes an algorithm for recovering the colors of objects from multiple near-infrared (near-IR) images. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color coordinates of objects are recovered from a series of gray images captured under multiple spectral near-IR illuminations using polynomial regression. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is tested experimentally by using 24 color patches of the Color Rendition Chart. The experimental apparatus is composed of a monochrome digital camera without an IR cut-off filter and a custom-designed LED illuminator emitting multiple spectral near-IR illuminations, with peak wavelengths near the red edge of the visible band, namely at 700, 740, 780, and 860 nm. The average color difference between the original and the recovered colors for all 24 patches was found to be 11.1. However, if some particular patches with high value are disregarded, the average color difference is reduced to 4.2, and this value is within the acceptability tolerance for complex image on the display.