• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1980

From 1976 through June 1980, 75 patients underwent Open heart operation at Korea University Hospital.Of the 75 patients, 39 were congenital heart cases and 36 were acquired heart disease cases. 39 cases of congenital heart disease were consisting of 16 T.O.F.,4 A.S.D., 10 V.S.D., 3 P.S., 1 P.D.A., 1 V.S.D. + Mi, 1 Truncus arteriosus, 1 Ebstein, 1 D.C.R.V., 1 Single ventricle. Among 36 valvular replacement cases, 18 cases of MVR, 3 cases of AVR, 6 cases of Double valve replacement, and 10 cases of Open Mitral commissurotomy, were performed. Postoperative mortality rate of congenital heart disease was 25.6% and that of acquired heart disease was 8.3%. Overall mortality rate of open heart surgery was 17.3%. Among 16 cases of postoperative death cases, 5 cases of autopsy were performed. Postoperative cause of death of our series were intracranial bleeding, pacemaker failure, low output syndrome, protamine anaphylaxis, bleeding, prosthetic valve embolism, C V A, miliary tuberculosis, hypothermia due to pump failure.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.127-130
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• 1997

Acute toxicity of EPO(Erythropoietin) was investigated using rats and beagle dogs according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4. 14). Rats and beagle dogs were injected intravenously with dosages of 20000 IU/kg, 2000 IU/kg, 200 IU/kg, 20 IU/kg and 2 IU/kg. In animals injected with EPO, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs and autopsy findings. Therefore $LD_50$ of EPO was considered to be higher than 20000 IU/ kg B. W. in rats and beagle dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-26
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• 2014

Aging causes a variety of changes in the structure of the vocal fold (VF), resulting in aging-induced dysphonia (presbyphonia). Several studies have investigated the structure of the VF of elderly people from autopsy as well as animal studies. There is an increasing evidence on correlation of structural changes of VF with deteriorated voice in elderly. Although the cellular mechanisms of aging VF have only partially been elucidated, there are many recent advances in biological treatment on aging VF using bioactive molecules such as growth factors. In this study, I'd like to address aging-related structural, biological, and physiological changes in previous literature about human and rodent aging VFs, to provide further insight into the mechanisms responsible for presbyphonia and to translate the basic researches for future clinical trials.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.301-306
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• 1987

The exotic ox-warble fly, Hypoderma bovis has been established its life cycle at the high mountain region on the middle part of Korea. Milk cattle and Korean cattle of S pasture, H pasture and farms were infested with the third stage larva of the flies. Infection rates were 54.5% in S pasture and 30.4% in H pasture or farms. The second or third stage larve were detected from the back side of cattle and the muscle around epidual fat at autopsy. The grubs of ox-warble fly were throughly identified as Hypoderma bovis by the characteristics of spines or tubercles on the segments and stiginal plates.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 1988

For the laboratory diagnosis of Sarcocystis infections especially in domesticated food animals, several antificial digestion techniques were applied for the musculature specimens and several staining techniques was applied for the bradyzoites of Sarcocystis species isolated. The digestion technique using trypsin(0.5%) and sodium chloride(0.85%) mixed solution was regarded as the most valuable for the detection of asexual stages of Sarcocystis in bovine musculature specimens. Optimal time for digestion was approximately one to four hours. The trypsion digestion technique with Giemsa's stain could be helpful for the detection of Sarcocystis prolferative forms and for the observation of the nucleus of the parasite. A systematic detection was also performed in an autopsy for a bovine carcass naturally infected with Sarcocystis species, and the asexual stages such as metrocytes and bradyzoites were observed in the specific organs, respectively.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 1995

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is frequently associated with birth trauma or perinatal hypoxia. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands is often found at autopsy and many small lesions are usually asymptomatic. A palpable abdominal mass and jaundice are the usual presenting signs. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnosis of this lesion; however, if the mass has mixed echoic pattern, magnetic resonance imaging (MRl) is helpful for the differential diagnosis from neuroblastoma. We present the case of a female newborn who was found to have a abdominal mass on physical examination. The patient showed anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. An ultrasonogram disclosed a $3.8{\times}3.0$ cm suprarenal mass with mixed echoic pattern. The mass was initially suspected to be neuroblastoma. An abdominal computed tomogram was not able to differentiate the mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed markedly increased signal intensity on T1 and T2-weighted sequences. This finding was consistent with adrenal hemorrhage. Serial sonogram demonstrated the mass that resolved completely by 12 weeks of age.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2011

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by arrest of vascular and alveolar development in premature infants. Recent advances in neonatology have increased the survival of immature babies. Consequently, the prevalence of BPD is increasing. Animal studies and autopsy findings of BPD have demonstrated interruption in vascular development and reversal of lung injury through promotion of vasculogenesis. Normal lung development is driven by temporal and spatial specific growth factors and cellto-cell signaling in vascular development. Lung injury through various pathways causes disruption in this complex interactive process and results in aberrant vascular development and subsequent BPD. By understanding the regulation of vascular growth of the lung, it would be possible to find new targets in the treatment and prevention of BPD in premature infants.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.646-651
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• 2007

Secure digital payment is critical in the successful shaping of global digital business. Digital payments are increasingly being used as a substitute to traditional payments, contributing markedly to the efficiency of the economy. The focus of every digital business transaction is to minimize risks arising from transactions. It is essential to ensure the security of digital payment whether used in internal networks or over wireless Internet. This paper analyses secure digital payment methods from the viewpoint of systemic security and transaction security. According to comparative analysis of digital payment models, this paper proposes a comparative analysis framework to investigate and evaluate secure digital payment. In conclusion, the comparative analysis framework, comparison of digital payment models and mobile payment models proposes a useful academic and practical foundation to enhance the understanding of secure digital payment methods. It also provides academic background and practical guidelines for the development of secure digital payment systems.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

The mortalities of the monkeys that have been raised in Everland Zoological Gardens within a designated period (1976-1999) were retrospectively analyzed based on the clinical charts and/or autopsy reports. During that period, a total of 161monkeys from 8 species were died. Noninfectious and traumatic factors, respiratory and digestive disorders account for the majority of cause of death. 62% of the death was concentrated in the winter season. The mortality of female and male was 53 and 47%, respectively. The mortality of adult monkey(62%) due to neoplasia and senile changes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 1973

Two patients were admitted with chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and palpitation respectively. Physical examination showed Grade III and Grade II to III systolic rumbling murmur at apex in each case. Chest X-ray and EKG findings were compatible with mitral insufficiency in both cases. The diseased valves were replaced with Beall mitral valve prosthesis under cardiopulmonary bypass using hemodilution technic. The first patient died of asphyxia due to tracheomalacia complicated after tracheostomy 3 months after operation and the 2nd patient was discharged in good condition one month after operation-Autopsy of the 1st patient showed no thrombus formation, no disc variance, and good epithelization of valve cuffs. In the second case clinical improvement was remarkable with decreased heart size.