• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2006

This research approached the negotiation problem from the seller's perspective in the make-to-order manufacturing industry in order to solve the multi-attribute automated negotiation problem. To this end, more than 'two negotiation attributes are defined and a preferred value of each negotiation alternative is calculated based on the entropy value of each attribute. And then, the best option is selected according to the utility function of each negotiator, a penalty of negotiation delay, and conviction of possibility of negotiation success. The suggested automated negotiation methods in this study can be employed for the development of advanced automated negotiation systems.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

Though studies on negotiations have actively been conducted in the field of e-Commerce so far, some problems have yet to be solved and many application fields of negotiation systems exist. Currently, many businesses shift from various fields to e-Commerce market, due to recent social changes and expansion of e-Commerce market; however, we need to develop the study of automated agents to resolve the issue of negotiation, which is an essential element in the e-Commerce, by minimizing human interference under the e-Commerce environment. In this study, we intend to propose a new negotiation protocol considering the negotiation alternatives through continuous negotiation rounds in relation to an automated negotiation issue whose participants are one to N (seller to buyers). We also present an agent-facilitated negotiation methodology by which negotiation alternative generation process is automated, in consideration of buyer's negotiation attributes and strategies in the negotiation system.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The development of IT and explosively growing number of Internet users are rapidly spreading and developing e-commerce, while creating diverse on-line transaction methods such as a negotiation, a reverse auction, and a bid. Among these transaction methods, the transactions by means of a negotiation are being made for goods that have no posted price. In particular, the transactions by means of a negotiation are expected to be widely used in the B2B. In order to determine their transportation costs, shippers usually make negotiations with many transporters and logistics companies. And before long, these negotiations are expected to be made on an on-line automated negotiation system. Because of this, this study has tried to develop an automated negotiation methodology that is absolutely necessary for an on-line automated negotiation. This study has estimated and selected the evaluation functions for multi-lateral negotiators' proposals, thus developing an automated negotiation methodology. As a result of this study, a new direction for an automated negotiation has been suggested. Also we expect that this study will be widely used in the automated negotiation of diverse fields.

• 산업공학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

The rapid expansion of the Internet-related technology has changed the current commercial transaction process. In the physical commercial transaction, most deals are accomplished through the negotiation process except a fixed price system. Thus, the negotiation is essential to conclude the business transactions. Especially, under the e-commerce environment, an automated negotiation system is necessary to respond quickly and flexibly to the diverse environmental changes and also to perform negotiations consistently and effectively. To this end, we develop an automated negotiation system using multi-agent technology. This new system includes such functions as creating negotiation proposals automatically, evaluating the counterpart’ proposals, and preparing counter offers.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2006

Due to recent growing interest in autonomous software agents and their potential application in areas such as electronic commerce, the autonomous negotiation become more important. Evidence from both theoretical analysis and observations of human interactions suggests that if decision makers have prior information on opponents and furthermore learn the behaviors of other agents from interaction, the overall payoff would increase. We propose a new methodology for a strategy finding process using data mining in autonomous negotiation system; ANSIA(Autonomous Negotiation System using Intelligent Agent). ANSIA is a strategy based negotiation system. The framework of ANSIA consists of three component layers; 1) search agent layer, 2) data mining agent layer and 3) negotiation agent layer. ANSIA is motivated by providing a computational framework for negotiation and by defining a strategy finding model with an autonomous negotiation process.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2002

최근 전자상거래에서 다양한 에이전트 기법을 전자상거래에 적용하여 구매자와 판매자간의 매매를 지능적으로 수행시키는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 특히, 에이전트에 협상능력을 부여하여 에이전트들이 사용자를 대신해서 자동 또는 수동적인 환경에서 협상을 수행하고 계약을 체결하도록 하는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구들에서의 협상방식은 자동협상을 수행할 경우 협상 메커니즘이 단순하여 협상의 항목과 범위가 극히 제한되는 경향이 있고, 수동협상의 경우 에이전트는 사용자간의 협상 프로세스를 지원하기 위한 환경에 머무르는 수준에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 게임이론에서의 협상모형을 응용하여 협상 에이전트들이 전략적인 방식에 의해 서로의 의견을 조정하면서 매매계약을 체결하도록 하는 자동협상 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 협상모델에서 에이전트들은 협상 시 다양한 매매조건들을 협상이슈로 구성하여 자신의 협상제안을 단계적으로 제시한다. 그리고 협상이 진행됨에 따라 상대방에 대한 협상모형을 구축하고 협상이슈들에 대한 가중치 학습을 통해 상대방의 협상 포인트를 파악한다. 따라서 에이전트들은 서로의 이득을 최대화시키고 이득의 불균형을 해소하는 방향으로 협상을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 협상 메커니즘을 내장한 에이전트들을 구현하고, 다양한 실험을 통하여 제안한 협상 모델의 타당성과 효율성을 평가하도록 한다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

Negotiation is a process of reaching an agreement on the terms of a transaction. such as price, quantity, for two or more parties. Negotiation tries to maximize the benefits for all parties concerned. instead of using human-based negotiation. the e-commerce environment provides such an environment as adopting automated negotiation. Thus. choosing agent technology is appropriate for an automatic electronic negotiation platform. since autonomous software agents strive for the best deal on behalf of the human participants. Negotiation agents need a clear-cut definition of negotiation models or strategies. In reality, most bargaining systems embody nearly one negotiation model. In this article. we present a mobile agent negotiation system with reusable negotiation strategies that allows agents to dynamically embody a user's favorite negotiation strategy which can be preinstalled as a component in the system. We develop a prototype system, which is fully implemented in compliance with FIPA specifications, and then. describe the benefits of using the system.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능시스템학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.266-267
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• 2008

We argue that agents may benefit from strategic ignorance in argumentation-based negotiation (ABN). We assume our agents are selfish, myopic, and residing in open systems. Some analytical results that can be used for designing agent reasoning on strategic ignorance are provided.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 의료서비스의 복잡한 스케줄링문제 해결을 위한 새로운 시스템을 제안하였다. 기존 FCFS 시스템은 병원의 입장만 고려하였으나 제안 시스템은 병원의 사정과 환자들의 선호시간을 자동협상으로 반영하였다. 본 시스템은 개인의 서비스이용 희망시간을 우선도로 표현하였고 개인이 선택한 협상전략에 따라 변화되는 우선도를 기준으로 스케줄을 조정할 수 있도록 설계하였고 병원의 정책에 따라 스케줄을 확정 할 수도 있게 하였다. 따라서 제안시스템은 장비의 유휴시간만을 고려하는 기존시스템과 달리 장비의 효율성뿐만 아니라 환자의 대기시간까지 고려할 수 있도록 하여 의료서비스의 고객만족경영을 지원할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2001

This research deals with an off-line learning method targeted for systematically constructing negotiation strategies in automated electronic commerce. Single-issue negotiation is assumed. Variants of competitive learning and hierarchical clustering method are devised and applied to extracting negotiation strategies, given historical negotiation data set and tactics. Our research is motivated by the following fact: evidence from both theoretical analysis and observations of human interaction shows that if decision makers have prior knowledge on the behaviors of opponents from negotiation, the overall payoff would increase. Simulation-based experiments convinced us that the proposed method is more effective than human negotiation in terms of the ratio of negotiation settlement and resulting payoff.