• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3025-3047
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• 2021

This paper presents the latest Ethernet standardization of in-vehicle network and the future trends of automotive Ethernet technology. The proposed system provides design and optimization algorithms for automotive networking technology related to AVB (Audio Video Bridge) technology. We present a design of in-vehicle network system as well as the optimization of AVB for automotive. A proposal of Reduced Latency of Machine to Machine (RLMM) plays an outstanding role in reducing the latency among devices. RLMM's approach to real-world experimental cases indicates a reduction in latency of around 41.2%. The setup optimized for the automotive network environment is expected to significantly reduce the time in the development and design process. The results obtained in the study of image transmission latency are trustworthy because average values were collected over a long period of time. It is necessary to analyze a latency between multimedia devices within limited time which will be of considerable benefit to the industry. Furthermore, the proposed reliable camera and video streaming through optimized AVB device settings would provide a high level of support in the real-time comprehension and analysis of images with AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms in autonomous driving.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.428-439
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reflective thinking on verbal interaction of the pre-service teachers in elementary science classes. Two pre-service teachers were selected for this study and they respectively had gave three science classes. Every science class was recorded by using video/audio but only audio data of first and last science classes were transcribed for verbal interaction analysis. The result of this study revealed that the frequency of teacher's verbal interaction in last science class was increased rather than the case of first science class. The increasing patterns of interaction frequency were affected by the teacher's viewpoint and preparation for the science class. Teacher's verbal interactions were divided into low-level and high-level for the analysis of qualitative change. Low-level interactions are which leading students' convergent thinking, high-level interactions are which leading students' divergent thinking. Also the result of this study revealed that high-level interactions in last science class were increased rather than in first class. On the other hand, low-level interactions in last class were reduced rather than in first class. Therefore, this results implied that the effects of reflective thinking on verbal interaction of pre-service teachers in elementary science classes were appeared, but the effects were also affected by teacher's individual characteristics. Especially the changing degrees of qualitative interactions varies with the teacher's viewpoint and preparation for the science class.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1281-1297
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• 2016

In recent years, personal videos have seen a tremendous growth due to the substantial increase in the use of smart devices and networking services in which users create and share video content easily without many restrictions. However, taking both into account would significantly improve event detection performance because videos generally have multiple modalities and the frame data in video varies at different time points. This paper proposes an event detection method. In this method, high-level features are first extracted from multiple modalities in the videos, and the features are rearranged according to time sequence. Then the association of the modalities is learned by means of DNN to produce a personal video event detector. In our proposed method, audio and image data are first synchronized and then extracted. Then, the result is input into GoogLeNet as well as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) to extract high-level features. The results are then re-arranged in time sequence, and every video is processed to extract one feature each for training by means of DNN.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2015

A radio is a half-duplex voice communication method using the PTT(: Push To Talk), occupy a single line calls during transmission. As an interface between the telephone and the radio, UHF and VHF, for voice communication between the different heterogeneous devices, A device automatically switches between the two devices is required. Therefore, in accordance with the performance of the voice switching apparatus for detecting a voice to be transmitted from an input signal, loss of the audio signal to be transmitted is subjected to Significant influence. Conventional method has the problem responding to noise by setting the level through simple means of amplitude of input signal, in other words, the energy level of the input signal. This paper, by using the audio signal processing techniques, this discriminated what the voice is among the input signal and substantiated a device for the automatic voice transmission between heterogeneous devices. With this proposal, I was confirmed of improvement of performance in the automatic voice switching device, could perform loss-less transmission of voice between heterogeneous devices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to assess if EMG biofeedback training with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in reducing the EMG level in patients with tension headaches. This study which lasted from 23 October to 30 December 1989, was conducted on 10 females who were diagnosed as patients with tension headaches and selected from among volunteers at C. University in Seoul. The process of the study was as follows : First, before the treatment the baseline was measured for two weeks and the level of EMG was measured five times in five minutes. And then EMG biofeedback training was used to six weeks, 12 sessions in at and progressive muscle relaxation was done at home by audio tape over eight weeks. Each session was composed of a 5-minute baseline, two 5-minute EMG biofeedback training periods and a 5-minute self-control stage. Each stage was followed by a five minute rest period. So each session took a total of 40 minutes. The EMG level was measured by EMG biofeedback (Autogenic-Cyborg : M 130 EMG module). The results were as follows : 1. The average age of the subjects was 44.1 years and the average history of headache was 10.6 years(range 6 months-20 yens). 2. The level of EMG was lowest between the third and the fourth week of the training except in Cases I and IV. 3. The patients began to show a nonconciliatory attitude at the first session of the fifth week of the training.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 1981

Despite evidence from adults that stimulus incongruity increased arousal level, there have been no published reports demonstrating this relationship with children. Therefore, the present study was done to 1) investigate the relationship between the introduction of stimulus incongruity and children's arousal level, using the GSR as an index of arousal; 2) determine whether age difference among subjects would affect the magnitude of the effect of incongruity on GSR ; and 3) determine the feasility of using the GSR with young children, particularly when manipulating a variable considered to involve only modest increase in arousal. The results were: 1) The incongrous outcome of two brief stories increased the arousal level of the subjects in the present study 2) The effect was related primarily in the GSR arousal scores of adult subjects. The smaller or nonexistent reactions to incongruity by the children represent essentially new results, as little or previous research exists involving the arousal level of young children to visual or auditorily presented stimuli. Several possibilities regarding the failure of the incongruity to generate arousal in the young children were considered Methodolog both in using GSR as an index of arousal level and in developing visual or audio stimuli involving incongruity was discussed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.452-462
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• 2008

In this paper, we address issues associated with the real-time implementation of the MPEG-1/2 Layer-II (or MUSICAM) and MPEG-4 ER-BSAC decoders for Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) on TMS320C64x+ that is a fixed-point DSP processor with a clock speed of 330 MHz. To achieve the real-time requirement, they should be optimized in different steps as follows. First of all, a C-code level optimization is performed by sharing the memory, adjusting data types, and unrolling loops. Next, an algorithm level optimization is carried out such as the reconfiguration of bitstream reading, the modification of synthesis filtering, and the rearrangement of the window coefficients for synthesis filtering. In addition, the C-code of a synthesis filtering module of the MPEG-1/2 Layer-II decoder is rewritten by using the linear assembly programming technique. This is because the synthesis filtering module requires the most processing time among all processing modules of the decoder. In order to show how the real-time implementation works, we obtain the percentage of the processing time for decoding and calculate a RMS value between the decoded audio signals by the reference MPEG decoder and its DSP version implemented in this paper. As a result, it is shown that the percentages of the processing time for the MPEG-1/2 Layer-II and MPEG-4 ER-BSAC decoders occupy less than 3% and 11% of the DSP clock cycles, respectively, and the RMS values of the MPEG-1/2 Layer-II and MPEG-4 ER-BSAC decoders implemented in this paper all satisfy the criterion of -77.01 dB which is defined by the MPEG standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2008

본 논문은 공간영역에서의 오디오 채널 신호의 압축 방법에 있어서, 공간 파라메터의 효율적인 표현 방법을 제안하려 한다. 대상이 되는 공간 파라메터는 인간청각의 ILD(Internaural Level Difference) 인지와 관련한 공간 파라메터에 관한 것으로 ICLD(Inter-Channel Level Difference) 파라메터의 표현방법 관한 것이다. 본 논문의 목적은, ICLD 의 통계적 특성을 분석하고 이에 충실한 표현방법을 제안함으로써, 양자화 시 기존 표현 방법보다 왜곡율을 개선시킴으로써 복원된 오디오 신호의 충실도를 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, 새로운 ICLD 표현 방법을 소개하고 이에 대한 이론적 통계적 근거를 제시하며, 실험결과로써 기존 방법과 비교된 왜곡율 측정(distortion measure) 결과를 제시하여 제안된 방법의 우수성을 입증한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1178-1184
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• 2004

This paper presents the development of a satellite antenna tracking control system using a plane antenna for mobile DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) reception. To track more rapidly in the antenna of this system, this simple tracking system only tracks a direction of azimuth using pendulum in the direction of elevation. This system should track using the AGC(Automatic Gain Control) of the signal level which can receive DAB in spite of the changing of point and movement of the mobile. The directional gyro sensor is attached to solve the delay time in the Proposed tracking algorithm. The effectiveness of both the stabilization and tracking algorithm is demonstrated through experiment measuring AGC signal level. The implemented satellite antenna tracking control system is shown to be excellent for mobile DAB reception.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.407-409
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• 2006

This paper presents the methods of designing the control circuits for a Class D amplifier to have a peak performance. The proposed approach is based on the three functional components - a carrier generator, a feedback circuit and a dead-time circuit. First the analog signal is applied to the controller, which outputs the 3 level PWM waveform. The controller used for this experiment is made of the operational amplifier and the logic circuit. The experimental results show that the control circuit performs with satisfaction and its output is proportional to input audio signal, providing a satisfactory 3 level PWM pattern. From this design methodology, by implementing a proposed control circuit we can achieve the efficient Class D amplifier using the half-bridge, full-bridge or push-pull topology at the output stage.