• 대한화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 1981

치환 브롬화페나실과 치환 피리딘과의 반응속도를 메탄올과 DMF 용매중, 25∼$45^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 전기전도도법으로 측정하였다. 그 결과 두 용매 다 같이 치환 피리딘에서는 전자를 주는 기가 치환되었을 경우 반응속도 상수는 컸으며, 반대로 전자를 끄는 치환기일 경우는 반응속도 상수가 작았다. 기질에서의 치환기 효과는 핵에 전자를 끄는기가 치환되었을 경우 반응속도는 증가하였다. 이 사실들은 탄소원자에 아민이 친핵적으로 공격한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 브롬화페나실과 피리딘의 반응에서 보여준 등속온도는 메탄올과 DMF에서 각각 614와 $202^{\circ}K$였고 $Br{\phi}nsted {\beta}$값은 0.29와 0.36이었다. 치환 브롬화페나실과 피리딘과의 반응의 경우는 등속온도는 전자를 끄는 치환기일 수록 감소하였으며, ${\beta}$값은 그 반대였다. 위의 결과로부터 p-Cl에서 p-MeO 브롬화페니실로 감에 따라 N…C 결합형성이 점차적으로 줄어들고 있으며 결합 형성은 DMF가 메탄올보다 우세하게 진전함을 추측할 수 있다. 치환 피리딘의 경우 Hammett식의 ${\rho}$값은 양 용매에서 모두 부(-)의 값을 가졌다. 핵 치환 브롬화페나실에서의 ${\rho}$값은 0.3의 적은 값이었으며 이는 메틸렌탄소에 피리딘의 질소 원자가 직접적으로 $S_N2$공격을 한다고 생각된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-144
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• 2020

If the interim disposition of the Arbitration Tribunal is not immediately enforceable, it will only give pressure to the other party concerned and the arbitration could work against him if the other party fails to implement it. If enforcement is impossible, the disposition will have no practical effect or practical benefit. In addition, if a system is contrary to its unique characteristics or nature, it will not function as a system or it will become an unnecessary decoration. There is no room for argument that the above provisions are wrong or misinterpreted if the temporary disposition in arbitration cannot be characterized by its characteristics, such as its provisionality, urgency, incidentality, or invasibility. As attracting international arbitration cases can create enormous added value for the national economy, countries are scrambling to create a mediating-friendly legal environment in their countries, and Korea has been more active in arbitration than in the past. Despite various efforts, however, attracting international arbitration cases is still a long way off. Therefore, Korea should create a mediating-friendly, legal environment to attract arbitration cases. There are many reasons why arbitration is activated internationally, but the most important of them is that it is easier to approve and execute. The use of the approval and execution of heavy court is, in turn, the most important requirement of a mediating-friendly environment. It is natural that temporary dispositions made in arbitration should be as easy to approve and enforce as in the case of arbitration. In addition, it is natural for the parties to consider the use of approval and execution when deciding where to mediate or when applying for arbitration; thus, the degree of ease of execution, along with the procedural use of arbitration or provisional disposition, will be a measure of the likelihood of hosting international arbitration cases, as well as the activation of arbitration.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1989

The Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives has been investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 5% dioxane - $H_2O$ at $50^{\circ}C$. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. The substituent effect on the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives were facilitated by electron attracting groups. Based on the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect, activation parameters and final product, the hydrolysis of benzalacetophenone derivatives seems to be initiated by the netural molecule of $H_2O$ which does not dissociate at below pH 9.0 but proceeded by the hydroxide ion at above pH 11.0. In the range of pH $9.0{\sim}11.0$ these two reactions occur competitively.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2020

Purpose: In the period of international integration, how is the implementation of intellectual property regulation in developing countries? Do intellectual property rights help attract more Foreign direct investment (FDI)? This study aims to show the effect of intellectual property rights, reflect in the number of patent registered (Patent distribution into two components: Patent_residents and Patent_non-residents) on FDI attraction in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: Using Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for the data collected from 1990 to 2018 with EViews version 9 software. Conclusions: The results indicate that the number of patent protection has a positive effect on FDI in both short term and long term. In particular, only patent registration of foreign individuals and organizations has a significant positive effect on attracting FDI, while that of Vietnamese patents is not statistically significant. From the results of this study, we provide some recommendations to help attract FDI based on raising awareness of intellectual property rights: Increase international cooperation for innovation to learn and encourage patent; Improve the capac ity of inventing as well as the ability to register patents of Vietnamese people; Government agencies are tasked to support a nd review registration procedures; Encouraging patent registration based on the patent.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2013

Mobile communication industry is attracting a lot of attention all over the world and is expected to continue developing endlessly with the current rapid development of IT industry. Nowadays, mobile communication companies of vietnam are competing about service quality in order to retain existing customers and improve customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study attempts to research about the effect of mobile communication service quality on customer satisfaction and affecting relationship between customers satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this research empirically examine how mobile communication service quality influence customer loyalty in Vietnam. To do this, after considering characteristics of mobile communication service quality, quality measurement instrument was designed including call quality, call charge, cellphone, added service quality, corporate image, employee's attitude, and behavior. The study finds that all factors of call quality, added servces quality, corporate image, employee's attitude and behavior have positive effect on customer satisfaction except call charge and customers satisfaction also effects customers loyalty positively. From these results, Vietnam domestic mobile communication companies and foreign companies can grasp the general information about Vietnam mobile communication industry, and then, establish customers satisfaction strategies more effectively.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.318.1-318.1
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• 2013

Nowadays Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cell is attracting a lot of attention as a strong alternative to CIGS solar cell due to nontoxic and inexpensive constituent elements of CZTS. From various processes for the fabrication of CZTS solar cell, solution-based deposition of CZTS thin films is well-known non-vacuum process and many researchers are focusing on this method because of large-area deposition, high-throughput, and efficient material usage. Typically the solution-based process consists of two steps, coating of precursor solution and annealing of the precursor thin films. Unlike vacuum-based deposition, precursor solution contains unnecessary elements except Cu, Zn, Sn, and S in order to form high quality precursor thin films, and thus the precise control of precursor thin film preparation is essential for achieving high efficient CZTS solar cells. In this work, we have investigated the effect of preparation condition of CZTS precursor thin films on the performance of CZTS solar cells. The composition of CZTS precursor solution was controlled for obtaining optimized chemical composition of CZTS absorber layers for high-efficiency solar cells. Pre-annealing process of the CZTS precursor thin films was also investigated to confirm the effect of thermal treatment on chemical composition and carbon residues of CZTS absorber layers. The change of the morphology of CZTS precursor thin film by the preparation condition was also observed.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.988-993
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• 2019

지난 수십 년간 반도체 업계에서는 반도체 소자의 성능을 높이고 높은 밀도로 반도체 소자를 칩 위에 집적하기 위해 끊임없이 그 크기를 축소해 왔다. 하지만, 게이트 제어의 감소, 높아진 누설 전류, 그리고 단 채널 효과와 같은 다양한 문제점에 직면하면서 이를 극복할 수 있는 차세대 반도체에 점점 더 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다음 반도체 세대를 이끌 후보로 관심을 받고 있는 CNTFET(Carbon NanuTube Field Effect Transistor)을 활용하여 디지털 회로를 디자인하는 방법에 대해 논하고자 한다. CNTFET이 분명 구조적으로 기존 MOSFET과 다른 구조를 가진 만큼, CNTFET을 활용하여 디지털 회로를 디자인할 때, 기존 디지털 회로 기법을 어떻게 활용할 수 있는지 자세히 알아보고 시뮬레이션을 통해 두 소자의 성능 차이를 확인해 보고자 한다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of online writing contents on college students' learning strategy, achievement motivation, and knowledge sharing attitudes. Online writing contents were developed in the 4th class and operated as a extracurricular. The contents were developed in 25 minutes and included quizzes for learning activities. Changes in learning strategy, achievement motivation, and knowledge sharing attitude were analyzed for 149 students who finally completed online writing contents operated as a extracurricular. As a result of the analysis, it was found that online writing contents had a significant effect on college students' learning strategy, achievement motivation, and knowledge sharing attitude. Online contents is not limited by time and space, and since it can be used according to the learning plan, the utilization effect is attracting attention. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct various studies such as developing contents tailored to the needs of students and analyzing their effects.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1995

A zero-load slider is composed of two outside rails which produce a lift force pushing up the slider from the disk surface and a wide reverse step region which produces a suction force attracting the slider to the disk surface. In this paper, the flying characteristics of zero-load sliders are obtained by using an optimization technique. In the pressure calculation module, the FIFD scheme is used to solve the modified Reynolds equation. The BFGS method and a line search algorithm is employed to predict the static flying attitude. To investigate the effect of the geometric- parameters of zero-load sliders on the flying characteristics, recess depth, front step width, rail width, and taper height are varied and the corresponding flying attitudes are obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that recess depth and rail width have significant influences on the flying characteristics.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.280-286
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• 1987

페나실 치환 벤젠술포네이트류와 피리딘의 반응속도를 아세토니트릴과 메탄올 용매속에서 각각 35, 45, 그리고 $55^{\circ}C$에서 전기전도도법으로 측정하였다. 이탈기 내의 치환기 효과는 치환기의 전자끌기 능력이 클수록 반응이 빨라지므로써 이탈기의 이탈 능력이 반응속도에 직접 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 양성자성 용매인 메탄올과 비양성자성 용매인 아세토니트릴에서의 반응을 비교한 결과 수소결합을 통한 특성 용매화가 작용되고 있음을 알수 있었다. 그러므로 이 반응에서 피리딘이 기질의 카르보닐기에 속도 결정 단계로 첨가되는 메카니즘을 배제시킬수 있었다