• 생약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1989

Traditional Chinese herbal drugs, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome and Atractylodes Rhizome White were identified by means of chemical analysis such as TLC and GC/MS. In Korea, the old-grown and the newly-grown rhizomes of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (Compositae) are used as the Atractylodes Rhizome and the Atractylodes Rhizome White, respectively. Both rhizomes contain the atractylon asa major spot on TLC. The content of atractylon in a newly-grown rhizome of A. japonica (Atractylodes Rhizome White called in Korea) appears to contain much larger quantity in comparison with that of an old-growon one (Atractylodes Rhizome). The TLC spot pattern analysis showed that rhizomes of A. japonica and A. macrocephala contain the atractylon as a major indicator spot, but no atractylodin (extreamly small amount). However, rhizomes of A. lancea De Candolle and A. koreana Kitamura contain the atractylodin as a major indicator spot.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1989

Traditional herbal drugs of Korea, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome(蒼朮) and Atractylodes Rhizome White(白朮) which are derived from and old-grown rhizome and a newly-grown rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.(Compositae), respectively, were investigated their potential liver-protective activities against hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Each herbal drug was extracted separately with chloroform, methanol and butanol. No extract of Atractylodes Rhizome showed a significant reduction of the duration of hypnosis produced by hexobarital after $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. In addition, the the treatments of Atractylodes Rhizome extracts produced no decrease of aspartate aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.1) activity in serum. However, the methanol extract of Atractylodes Rhizome White exhibited a marked protection from hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. It produced significant reductions of the duration of hypnosis and serum enzyme activity, but no other extract showed liver-protective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.162-162
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• 2017

Atractylodes japonica and Atractylodes macrocephala belongs to Atractylodes genus and theirs roots are used as 'Baek-chul'(White atractylodes rhizome) in Korea Pharmacopoeia. 'Baek-chul' widely used in traditional herbal remedies in Asia. Concurrently, the 'Baek-chul' demand enormously increased in the market due to the growing interest in favoring health benefits but it is depend on import from China. Thus we conducted breeding research to solve the problems associated with domestically cultivated 'Baek-chul' such as low productivity and low disease tolence. We crossed A. japonica (female parent) and A. macrocephala (male parent) in the greenhouse in September 2000. the next season 119 crossed line seeds were collected and germinated in the green house. Among them we selected the good lines in the same season. then conducted replicated yield trials (RYT) in 2014 to local adaptability test (LAT) in 2015-2016. The results showed that the 'AJM16' line has beneficial charactersitcs like, increased plant height, large rhizome diameter, narrow leaf width compared with a 'Sang-chul' (check cultivar) and varied flower color from A. japonica (female parent). The line 'AJM16' was also exhibited decreased anthracnose symptoms(Colletotrichum gloeosporides Penz.). Simultaneously the root yield of AJM16 was 2,409 kg per are, which was increased 130% higher yield compared to 'Sang-chul' (check cultivar) at three various regions from 2015 to 2016. Therefore, we named AJM16 as new cultivar 'Man-chul'. According the results, we have developed a new Atractylodes spp. hybrid cultivar 'Macn-chul' with high yielding and disease tolerance by National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, RDA, in 2016.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the intracellular hydrogen peroxide productions of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 are modulated by Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang water extract (ER) and White Ginseng-Ejung-tang water extract (EG). Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang were composed of Red Ginseng, Atractylodes rhizome white, Zingiberis Rhizoma Siccus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. White Ginseng-Ejung-tang were composed of White Ginseng, Atractylodes rhizome white, Zingiberis Rhizoma Siccus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. The intracellular hydrogen peroxide productions were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay with spectrofluorometer (excitation 485 nm; emission 535 nm). For 4, 20, 24, 44, 48, 68, and 72 h incubation, ER significantly increased hydrogen peroxide productions of RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$ (P <0.05). EG for 4, 20, 24, 44, and 48 h incubation significantly increased hydrogen peroxide productions of RAW 264.7 at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$ (P <0.05). For 68 and 72 h incubation, EG at the concentration of 50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased hydrogen peroxide productions in RAW 264.7 (P <0.05). These results suggest that ER and EG have the immune-enhancing properties related with their increasing effects on the intracellular hydrogen peroxide production of macrophage.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2018

Background: Atractylodes japonica Koidz. and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. belong to the family (Asteraceae). Their rhizomes, called white Atractylodes rhizomes, are used in traditional medicine. To address some issues with their cultivation, we recently developed eight hybrid cultivars by interspecific hybridization of A. japonica and A. macrocephala. This study was conducted to screen the hybrid cultivars that have high amounts of active ingredients and yield ability. Methods and Results: Experiments were conducted using the eight hybrid cultivars and A. macrocephala (control cultivar) in the experimental field of the department of Herbal Crop Research located in Eumseong, South Korea. We investigated the growth characteristics of the aerial and underground parts. Among the cultivars, 'Sanwon' had the highest rhizome dry weight (53.8 g/plant), followed by 'Dachul' (50.0 g/plant). In addition, the content of atractylenolide I, II, III and total active ingredients were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with A. macrocephala, most of the inter-specific hybrid cultivars had a higher content of active ingredients and yield ability. Conclusions: Through study, we established the superior quality of Atractylodes inter-specific hybrid cultivars. In particularly, it was found that 'Dachul' may be grown as a superior cultivar, with high amount of active ingredients as well as yield ability.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Objectives : To determine the discriminative criteria for Atractylodes rhizomes, the experiment of externalinternal characteristics and physicochemical pattern analysis were performed. Methods : External characteristics was observed using stereoscope. The sectioned materials which were covered with parffin were stained by Ju's method. Physicochemical patterns were analyzed using HPLC/DAD. Results : 1. External shape of original plant : Atractylodes maaocephala and A. japonica had relatively long petioles and 3-5 parted leaves. A. macrocephala had big purple flowers whereas A. japonica had relatively small white flowers and pinnate bracts. A. lancea had sessile leaves and white flowers, and the end parts of degenerated stamens were bent. 2. External shape of herbal medicine: A. macrocephala which was fist-shaped rhizome had pa-pillate processes and the cross section was light gray and sulcate. A. japonica and A. lancea were connected-beady or tubercular rhizomes, and the cross sections were both yellow-colored white. However, the cross section of A. japonica was fibrous, the width of cortex was narro-wer than that of stele, and radial shape in cortex was rare, whereas the width of cortex in A. lancea was similar to that of stele in size, and radial shape in cortex was obvious. 3. Internal shape of herbal medicine: A. macrocephala and A. lancea did not have lignified fascicles in cortex. However, the vascular bundles and vessels of A. macrocephala were wedge shaped and radial arrangement, and vascular bundles were densely populated in stele whereas those of A. lancea were repeatedly arranged and thinly extended to cortex. A. japonica had lignified fascicles in cortex and the width of vascular bundles was conspicuously thick with narrow intervals. 4. Physicochemical pattern analysis : A. macrocephala and A. lancea contained atractylenolide I and atractylenolide Ill whereas A. japonica contained atractylenolide I, atractylenolide Ill. diacetyl-atractylodiol, compound-4, compound-5. The three species of Atractylodes rhizomes showed different chromatogram patterns. Conclusions : The results could be used as discriminative criteria for Atractylodes rhizomes and as fundamental materials to researches of further pattern analysis and biological reaction.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

국내 한약재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 백출 건재약재의 기원을 판별하고자 해부형태적 특징과 종 특이적인 SCAR 마커 (SAjR2, SAmR1)를 적용한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 해부형태적 특징으로 A. japonica에서는 주피에 코르크층이 매우 발달하여 있었고, 코르크층 내부 또는 아래에 석세포대가 연속적으로 발달하고 있었다. 유실은 A. japonica에서 뿌리횡단면에 전체적으로 다수 분포하여 잘 발달하고 있었으며 피충부분과 잘 발달된 방사조직 내에서도 목섬유다발이 다수 관찰됐다. 또한 유세포 내의 침상 결정물도 A. macrocephala보다 많이 함유하고 있었다. 이러한 특징들을 종합한 결과, 국내 유통 국산 및 수입 백출은 모두 A. japonica의 해부형태적 특징을 따르고 있어 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 한편 RAPD clone으로부터 개발된 A. japonica 특이적인 SAjR2를 이용하여 PCR 한 결과 모든 샘플에서 600bp 크기의 한국백출 특이적인 밴드가 형성되었으며, A. macrocephala 특이적인 SAmR1을 이 용한 결과에서는 작물시험장에서 재배중인 A. macrocephala에서만 1200 bp크기의 특이적인 밴드가 형성되어, 시중에서 유통되고 있는 한국백출과 중국백출은 모두 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 결론적으로 해부형태적 특성과 SCAR 마커는 A. japonica와 A. macrocephala 기원식물의 동정과 유통 건재 약재를 판별하기에 유용한 방법이었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

Objectives : Gamisoyo-san complex prescription were made with Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodes rhizome white, Hoelen, Bupleuri Radix, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Menthae Herba. The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effect of the extract from Gamisoyo-san, which is one of the used herbal complex prescription. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effect of Gamisoyo-san in tyrosinase activity. Cell viability were performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, Gamisoyo-san measured reversed-transcription-PCR for mRNA expression using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Results : For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of extract was shown to 52.4% at $5,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The cell viability on B16F10 melanoma cells of Gamisoyo-san extract showed higher than 75% at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In this study, an experiment was performed by setting the non-toxic concentration range of 50, 150, $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a positive control. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory by reverse transcription-PCR of Gamisoyo-san extract were decreased by 95.3%, 98.8%, 96.3% and 49.5% at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which the highest concentration. Conclusions : All these findings could verify that whitening effects of Gamisoyo-san extract by tyrosinase inhibitory activity and mRNA expression. The Gamisoyo-san could be used as material for functional cosmetics, such as skin whitening products.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1237-1244
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• 2021

목적: 약열과 시술관련 발열(시술열)은 원내 발열의 원인이다. 한방은 여러 라에서 시행되나, 이에 의한 약열과 시술열의 빈도에 대한 자료는 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 한방치료에 의한 약열과 시술열의 빈도를 확인하는 것이다. 방법: 2006년부터 8년간 서울의 한 대학 부속 한방병원에서 후향적으로 시행했다. 결과: 한약을 복용한 10800명의 환자 중 95건의 약열이 발생하였다(0.89%). 환자들의 체온은 38.37±0.58 ℃이었고, 발열은 평균 1일간 지속되었다. 호산구증, 독성간염, 피부발진이 각각 15.79%, 8.42%, 5.26%에서 발생하였다. 약열과 관련된 흔한 한약재는 감초, 당귀, 백출이었다. 한방 시술을 받은 8125명의 환자 중 16건의 시술열이 발생하였다(0.20%). 환자들의 체온은 38.26±0.51 ℃이었고, 발열은 평균 1일간 지속되었다. 뜸이 가장 흔한 원인으로, 침이 두 번째였다. 결론: 한방치료에 의한 약열 및 시술열의 빈도는 서양의학보다 높지 않다.