• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the content of atractylenolides I and III in Atractylodes japonica. An established HPLC-DAD method was used to monitor contents of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica obtained from Korea and China and compared with contents of A. macrocephala, A. chinensis, and A. lancea. Quantitative analysis of atractylenolides I and III was carried out on a Shiseido C18 column (S-5 ${\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 250 mm) with gradient elution composed of acetonitile-water. The results show that the average content of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica were 0.0954 and 0.1963%, respectively, and contents of A. lancea were higher than A. macrocephala, A. chinensis. In this study, we identified the differentiation of the quality of A. japonica from different species and collected locations and established content standard of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica and this content standard was helpful to quality control of A. japonica.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-153
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture (Atratylodes japonica Koizumi and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf) at Pungnyung(ST40) and Umnungchon(SP9) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Sham), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group (AJ), high fat diet and Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(CL), high fat diet and Atractylodes japonica+Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 treated group(AJ+CL). Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at the level of 132.5mg/kg body weight per day. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. Feed intake was decreased in AJ, CL. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was increased in AJ, CL. The level of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, free fatty acid were increased in AJ. The level of serum AST was decreased in AJ, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALT was decreased in AJ, CL, AJ+CL. The level of serum ALP was decreased in AJ+CL. The HDL to Total cholesterol ratio was increased in AJ. Conclusions : Atractylodes japonica-herbal acupuncture in ST40 SP9 can control the body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio, HDL-cholesterol and herbal acupuncture combined Atractylodes japonica with Coix lachrymajobi var. mayeun Stapf is effective on Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, protection of liver function and prevention cardiovascular risk by obesity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the tissue culture system for Atractylodes plant which is most frequently used in oriental medicine. Root and auxiliary bud of Dachul cv., which is Atractylodes hybrid (A. macrocephala x A. japonica), were used as target tissues for in vitro culture. In root culture, callus induction rate was higher in the treatment of BAP combined with NAA than others, however, 2-iP was more effective for callus proliferation and root induction. Although calli were effectively induced from the root and proliferated in lower concentration of cytokinin combined with higher auxin, root tissue was inappropriate for shoot regeneration. For plant regeneration with axillary bud, BAP combined with NAA was more effective than 2-iP with NAA or IBA. Number of regenerated plant per bud was 3.8, which was highest, and stem diameters was shown as 5.0mm under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA. Although, plant height was tend to be higher in 2-iP than BAP, number of the regenerated plant was lower via versus. Furthermore, root proliferation of regenerated plant was more effective in higher concentration of sucrose (7%) than in lower concentration (3%). In results, auxiliary bud was an efficient target tissue for producing regenerated plant of Atractylodes under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA and higher concentration of sucrose was effective for root proliferation of regenerated plants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2001

To study the availability of the Korean Atractylodes japonica Koidz. as ingredients for functional flood, functional properties of solvent extracts were investigated and the results were followed. Yield was 14.8% by ethanol extraction of fresh Korean A. Japonica and 17.7% by water fraction. Acetone extract and butanol fraction showed stronger activity of the hydrogen donating activities, each of 72.9% and 74.2%, respectively, in fresh Korean A. japonica and methanol extract and butanol fraction showed stronger activity of the nitrite scavenging effects, each of 95.0% and 79.2%. in fresh Korean A. japonica. Among the solvent extacts from fresh Korean a. japonica, extract by methanol showed strong antimicrobial activity in which clear zone showed 20 mm for Bacillus subtilis and 19 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Butanol fraction derived from methanol extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity : 18 mm clear zone for Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanol extract and butanol fraction were about 2 mg/disc and 4 mg/disc against gram(+) bacteria and 6 mg/disc against gram(-) bacteria, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Two Atractylodes species, A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (AJ) and A. macrocephala Koidz (AM) were used in this study. AJ population had higher amounts of Sesquiterpenoids and stronger tolerance to root rot but less vigor of root growth than AM population. Two populations (AJ and AM) were crossed to make interspecific hybrid population. A total of 98 lines propagated clonally were selected from a cross of AJ and AM, and evaluated for contents of sesquiterpenoids, atractylon (ATLN) and atractylenolide III (AT3) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and growth characters such as plant height, stem number and root weight. HPLC profiles of the hybrids were compared with those of parent plants, and it demonstrated the production of introgression hybrid by crossing between AJ and AM. Of 98 clonal lines,10 lines were selected by 10% level based on the growth vigor and tolerance to root rot, and AJM2102-51 line showed the heaviest root weight (117.1 g/plant) among them. A total of 98 hybrid lines contained on average $0.16\;{\pm}\;0.10\;mg/g$ of $AT3,\;2.00\;{\pm}\;1.37\;mg/g$ of ATLN, and $2.16\;{\pm}\;1.40\;mg/g$ of total sesquiterpenoids, showing high coefficients of variation (above 65%). Ten lines having high contents of sesquiterpenoids were selected, and AJM2101-15 had the highest amount (9.83 mg/g) of ATLN, and showed 40.8 g/plant of root weight similar to mean value (39.9 g/plant) of hybrid lines. The result showed that the introgression of both characters of vigorous growth from AM and high sesquiterpenoids content from AJ could be possible to make new hybrid lines by crossing between AJ and AM.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2001

An attempt was made in this study to analyze volatile flavor components of A. macrocephala Koidz. and A. lanacea DC. (Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi). Essential oils in A. macrocephala Koidz. and. A. lanacea DC. were isolated by a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) method using n-pentane/diethy ether as solvent. A total of 30 and 28 components were identified by GC/MS from the essential oils of A. macrocephala Koidz. (18 hydrocarbons. 2 carbonyls, 5 alcohols, 5 esters) and A. lanacea DC.(14 hydrocarbons, 6 carbonyls, 4 alcohols, 3 esters, 1 acids), respectively. The major volatile flavor components in A. macrocephala Koidz. and A. lanacea DC. were furanodiene(27.9%, 15.7%), $\alpha$-cyperone(8.1%. 22.5% ), alloaromadendrene(2.9%, 4.7% ), (1,1-biphenyl)-4-carbon aldehyde 0%, 8.7% ) were found, respectively. Ten components including limonene, p-cymene, p-hymen-8-ol, (1,1-biphenyl)-4-carbox aldehyde were identified in A. lanacea DC, but not in A. macrocephala Koidz. and eight components including $\alpha$-copanene, isocaryophyllene, $\beta$-himahalene. germacrene B were and identified in A. macrocephala Koidz. but not in A. lanacea DC.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2004

Defatted methanol extracts of the medicinal plants, Rubus coreanus Miq. (RC) and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJ) were added at the levels of 0.1, 0.5, or $2\%$ (w/w) to high cholesterol diets and fed to ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats, weighing 212.6 $\pm$ 1.8 g for four weeks. Weight gains were lower in RC and AJ groups than the control group, but there were no changes in uterus weights. Serum levels of triglyceride decreased by 20-$27\%$ in the experimental groups fed $0.1\%$ of each extract (O.1RC and O.1AJ), compared with that of control (Ovx). Serum cholesterol levels were not changed in the RC groups but increased in the group fed $2\%$ of the AJ extract. Liver levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced in both the RC and AJ groups. Microscopic observation revealed that there were no morphological alterations in liver, lung, heart, spleen and kidney tissues of the experimental groups. Plasma levels of albumin, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium and phosphate in the IRC and AJ groups were in normal ranges. Serum GOT and GPT activities were, however, higher in the 2.0AJ than Ovx group. These results suggest that the extracts of the Rubus coreanus Miq. and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi at dietary levels as low as $0.1\%$ may be utilized as hypotriglyceridemic ingredients for functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.201-204
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• 2005

The rhizome extract of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi(Compositae) exhibited a particular inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cell lines, in vitro. Thus, the intensive phytichemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Atractylodes japonica have been conducted by the way of activity-guided purification. The repeated column chromatographic separation of the n-hexane soluble part of extract resulted in the isolation of four sesquiterpenes (1-4) and a polyacetylene component (5). Chemical structures of them were identified as atractylon (1), atractylenolide Ⅰ(2), atractylenolide Ⅲ(3), eudesma-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (4) and 1,3-diacetyl-atractylodiol (5) by spectroscopic means. Among the isolates, compound 2-4 were shown to give moderate inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cell lines such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT 15(colon), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1543-1552
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• 2021

Atractylodes japonica has been widely used in a traditional Korean herbal medicine exerting various pharmacological activities such as diauretic action, asriction, anti-allergy, neuroprotective activity, anti-cancer, immunomodulation and gastrointestinal protective effect. This study was to investigate the antioxidant, nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines production of A. japonica extract by water and 70% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity were increased in a dose-dependent manners with both extracts and there was no difference with extract solvents. 70% ethanol extract of A. japonica showed a very strong inhibitory effect on NO production. Both extracts of A. japonica significantly reduce the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins involved in NO prodction. A. japonica extract by water and 70% ethanol inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1b. In this study, 70% ethanol extract of A. japonica significantly suppresses LPS-induced NO and inflammatory cytokine production. Therefore it can be widely used to treat and improve inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

We performed this study to determine the effect of Baizhu (Atractylodes japonica), Chuanxiong (Cnidium officinale), Shanyao (Discorea japonica) and Shengma (Cimicifuga heracleifolia), as Oriental rhizomata herbs, on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells of mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-radiation. Shengma was effective in intestinal crypt survival(p<0.05). The frequency of radiation induced apoptosis was also reduced by pretreatment with Chuanxiong and Shengma(p<0.05). Although the mechanisms of this effort remain to be elucidated, these results indicated that Shengma might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.