• Title/Summary/Keyword: Atherosclerosis

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Pulse wave velocity and ankle brachial index in adolescents with essential hypertension (본태성 고혈압 청소년에서 pulse wave velocity와 ankle brachial index에 대한 연구)

  • Joo, Sun Young;Cho, Ki Young;Cho, Su Jin;Hong, Young Mi
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.7
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    • pp.769-776
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : Pulse wave velocity(PWV) and ankle brachial index(ABI) are not only noninvasive methods used to assess arterial stiffness in adults, but also useful, simple ways to estimate the severity of hypertension, end stage renal disease and atherosclerosis in adults. But there are few studies on PWV and ABI in adolescents and children. In this study, hypertensive adolescents were compared to normal individuals to find out the usefulness of PWV as the index of progress in the disease. Methods : 413 teenagers were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of adolescents that only had hypertension(Group 1 : 23 teenagers). The second group consisted of the adolescents who had hypertension with obesity(Group 2 : 17 teenagers), and the last group was the normal subjects(Group 3 : 328 teenagers). Weight, height and body mass index were measured. Simultaneous measurements of systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure were obtained from the four extremities. PWV, ABI, ejection time and preejection period were also measured. Results : Right brachial-ankle PWV was significantly higher in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. Likewise, left brachial-ankle PWV also showed significantly higher values in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and also higher values in group 2 compared with group 1. Positive correlations were found between the systolic, diastolic, average blood pressure and PWV. There were also positive correlations between the blood pressure and weight, body mass index. Conclusion : Higher PWV was demonstrated in adolescents with essential hypertension compared to normal subjects. Follow-up study is needed to evaluate the progress.

Changes of Lipid and Lipoprotein Compositions in Kawasaki Disease and its Impact on Cardiac Complications (가와사끼병에서 혈중 지질과 지단백의 변화와 심장 합병증에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Sin Weon;Lee, Ho Seok;Kim, Dong Woon;Rhee, Kang Won;Jung, Young Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.48 no.12
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    • pp.1370-1377
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : Delineation of serum lipid and lipoprotein values in children after Kawasaki disease(KD) is important because of the predilection of this disease for the coronary arteries. Methods : The KD group was composed of 51 patients who were hospitalized from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003. Control was 25 patients with non-KD febrile illness. The levels of total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1(apo A1), apolipoprotein B, and Lipoprotein(a) were measured and compared with Echocardiographic findings. Measurements were obtained in four time periods: acute febrile, subacute, convalescent phase and 1 year after KD. Results : HDL-C($33.64{\pm}7.49mg/dL$ vs $50.43{\pm}14.41mg/dL$, P<0.01) and apo A1($99.75{\pm}6.39mg/dL$ vs $113.34{\pm}11.35mg/dL$, P<0.05) were decreased more in the acute febrile period of KD than in the control, but these changes were not correlated with cardiac complications. All lipid profiles were markedly elevated in the subacute stage and normalized in the convalescent stage; there were no changes until 1-year follow up. There were no significant differences in the changes of lipid profiles, including Lp(a) and coronary dilatation, in any time periods. Conclusion : KD is associated with important abnormalities in lipid metabolism, but these changes were transient and appear to be due to the disease itself. These data lead us to infer that KD dose not cause such permanent changes in lipid abnormalities as to be considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis, beyond that caused by the disease itself.

Selection of Flavonoids Inhibiting Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor- a in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (종양괴사인자에 의하여 유도된 혈관내피세포의 Cell Adhesion Molecules 발현을 억제시키는 플라보노이드 선별)

  • 최정숙;최연정;박성희;이용진;강영희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.1134-1141
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    • 2002
  • Adhesion of leukocytes to the activated vascular endothelium and their subsequent recruitment/migration into the artery wall are key features in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. These features have been mediated by cell adhesion molecules including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and in tracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This study examined whether flavonoids inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-$\alpha$-induced monocyte adhesion via a modulation of the protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-$\alpha$ markedly increased the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells and induced the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin proteins in HUVECs. Micromolar concentrations of the flavones luteolin and apigenin and the flavonol quercetin near completely blocked the monocyte adhesion to the activated endothelial cells and the induction of these adhesion molecules. However, equimicromolar catechins of (-)epigallocatechin gallate and (+)catechin, the flavonol myr- icetin and the flavanones of naringin and hesperidin had no effect on TNF-$\alpha$-activated monocyte adhesion. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate, (+) catechin, and naringin did not attenuate the TNF-$\alpha$ induction of these adhesion molecules. Furthermore, culture with luteolin and apigenin strongly blocked the expression of TNF-$\alpha$-induced VCAM-1 mRNA and modestly attenuated ICAM-1 mRNA. Quercetin modestly decreased the TNF-$\alpha$-activated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNAs. These results demonstrate that flavonoids classified as flavones and flavonols may inhibit monocyte adhesion to the TNF-$\alpha$-activated endothelium, most likely due to a blockade of expression of functional adhesion molecules down-regulated at the transcriptional level, indicating a definite linkage between the chemical structure of flavonoids and the expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the antiathero-genic feature of flavonoids appears to be independent of their antioxidant activity.

Anti-Platelet Aggregating Effect of Solvent Extracts from Korean Soybean Varieties and Isoflavone Derivatives (품종별 국산콩 추출물 및 Isoflavone 유도체의 혈소판 응집억제작용)

  • Jang, Mi-Jeong;Kang, Myung-Hwa;Park, Young-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.1320-1324
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    • 2005
  • Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an increasingly important food source and functional food. Platelet aggregation plays an important role in thrombogenesis and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the anti-platelet aggregating effects of solvent extracts from Korean soybean varieties and isoflauone derivatives. Nine Korean soybean varieties were extracted by solvents (methanol and buthanol and their extracts was investigated for the inhibition against tile aggregation of washed rabbit platelets induced by collagen or thrombin. Maximal inhibition of buthanol extracts against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $95\%$ in Black-kong and Jinpum - kong. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order : Black > Jinpum > Bokwang > Hwangkum > Pureun > Malli > Danbaek > Danyeob > Jangsu - kong. The Black - kong only seemed to produce the maximal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Total isoflavone content measured was Jinpum-kong ($1347.8{\mu}g/g$) and Black-kong ($918.7{\mu}g/g$). Maximal inhibition of isoflavone derivatives against platelet aggregation induced by collagen was $97\%$ in genistein. The potency of their inhibition was in the following order: genistein>daidzein>genistin. The isoflavone derivatives did not affect the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. However, Black-kong cortex seemed to Produce the optimal inhibition against platelet aggregation induced by collagen. These results suggest that Black-kong and Jinpum-kong may be a good source for antiplatelet agents, and their antiplatelet effect be related to tile content and the chemical structure with the number of -OH group and the attached glycoside in the isoflavone derivative.

A Study on the Serum Concentrations of Glucose, Insulin and Lipid in Elementary School Children by Body Weight (체중에 따른 일부 초등학교 아동의 혈청 중 포도당, 인슐린 및 지질농도에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Gi-Hyung;Kim, Gyeong-Eup;Yoon, Gi-Young;Cheong, Hyo-Sook;Kim, Sung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.1375-1380
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate anthropometric values, serum biochemical levels and their correlation in elementary school children. The subjects were 98 boys and girls in the $4{\~}6$ grade and divided into three groups by body size. The mean height of under-weight group (boys: $14.9\pm7.8\;cm$, girls: $144.9\pm9.6\;cm$) was the highest of the groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of all the groups ranged from $111.56\pm13.51\;mmHg/72.86\pm7.26\;mmHg\;to\;117.50\pm10.00\;mmHg/75.31\pm9.51\;mmHg$, all within the normal levels. As subject was fatter, serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol insulin and atherogenic index (AI) in the boys, and serum concentrations of triglyceride, insulin and AI in the girls were significantly higher The concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol were significantly positively correlated with BMI and WHR. No significant correlation was found with blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations. Serum insulin levels was significantly positively correlated with serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations. Thus, this study implicates that obesity in childhood may be relevant to hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.

Outcome of Patch Angioplasty for Left Main Coronary Ostial Stenosis (좌주관상동맥 개구부 협착에서의 혈관성형술의 결과)

  • Kang, Chang-Hyun;Na, Chan-Young;Seo, Hong-Joo;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Cheul;Chang, Yoon-Hee;Hwang, Seong-Wook;Baek, Man-Jong;Oh, Sam-Se;Kim, Woong-Han;Lee, Young-Tak;Kim, Chong-Whan
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2004
  • Background: Patch angioplasty is an alternative surgical procedure to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left main coronary ostial stenosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of patch angioplasty by analyzing the short-term and long-term results. Material and Method: Twenty nine patients who had undergone patch angioplasty due to left main coronary ostial stenosis between July 1991 and May 2003 were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 53.1 $\pm$12.5 years. There were 8 males and 21 females, and there were 12 female patients who had no risk factor for atherosclerosis. Twenty six (89.7%) patients showed isolated coronary ostial stenosis without any distal coronary lesion. Result: Anterior approach was used in 28 patients and superior approach was used in one patient. Transsection of the main pulmonary artery was used in one patient. Concomitant CABG was performed in 4 patients because of left anterior descending artery lesions in 3 patients and unstable postoperative hemodynamic status in one patient. Hospital mortality had occurred in one patient (3.4%) and late mortality also in one patient, therefore the overall 5 year survival rate was 91.2$\pm$6.1%. Seventeen coronary angiographies were done in 13 patients (44.8%) postoperatively. Two distal patch stenoses, 1 proximal patch stenosis, and 1 new right coronary ostial lesion were identified and 3 percutaneous interventions and 1 CABG were performed during the follow-up period. The overall 5 year freedom from reintervention rate was 82.4 $\pm$ 8.5%. Aortic regurgitation less than grade 1 had developed postoperatively in 4 patients and one patient showed progression of preexisting aortic regurgitation from grade II to III. Conclusion: Patch angioplasty in left main coronary ostial lesion showed acceptable short-term and long-term results in this study. However, restenosis at the patch anastomosis site and aortic regurgitation should be carefully investigated during the follow-up period.

Inhibitory Effect of Scopoletin Isolated from Sorbus commixta on TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Vascular Endothelial EA.hy926 Cells through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Suppression (마가목 수피에서 분리한 scopoletin의 EA.hy926 혈관내피세포에서 NF-κB 신호전달을 통한 TNF-α로 유도된 혈관염증 저해 효과)

  • Kang, Hye Ryung;Kim, Hyo Jung;Kim, Bomi;Kim, Sun-Gun;So, Jai-Hyun;Cho, Soo Jeong;Kwon, Hyun Sook
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.343-351
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    • 2020
  • Sorbus commixta Hedl. has traditionally been used as a remedy for cough, asthma, and other bronchial disorders. In this study, three major triterpenoids-lupeol, β-sitosterol, and ursolic acid and a coumarin, scopoletin, were isolated from a CHCl3-soluble fragment of the bark of S. commixta. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses, including mass spectrometry (MS), 1D-, and 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), as well as by comparing the data with data reported in the literature. Scopoletin was isolated from this plant for the first time. It is a nutraceutical compound contained in many plants that has been reported to exert diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the inhibitory effect of scopoletin on TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial inflammation. Unlike the marginal impact of other compounds against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and vascular endothelial inflammation, scopoletin showed remarkable activity on LDL oxidation (IC50 = 10.2 μM) and exerted vascular anti-inflammatory effects in EA.hy926 human endothelial cells activated by TNF-α. It suppressed the expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and blocked the adhesion between THP-1 monocytes and EA. hy926 endothelial cells. It also inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Moreover, IκBα phosphorylation, which was increased by TNF-α treatment, was reduced after treatment with scopoletin. Thus, scopoletin inhibited TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation in endothelial cells by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that owing to its anti-inflammatory activity in the vascular endothelium, scopoletin has the potential to inhibit atherosclerosis development.

Comparison of Cholesterol Contents and Fatty Acid Composition in M. longissimus of Hanwoo, Angus and Wagyu Crossbred Steers (한우, 앵거스 및 화우 교잡종의 등심내 콜레스테롤 함량 및 지방산 조성 비교)

  • Choi, Chang-Bon;Shin, Hyeon-U;Lee, Sang-Oug;Kim, Sung-Il;Jung, Keun-Ki;Choi, Chang-Won;Baek, Kyung-Hoon;Lunt, David K.;Smith, Stephen B.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.519-526
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    • 2008
  • Although beef provides high quality proteins as well as vitamins and minerals, its concentrations of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol give negative impression to some consumers on the other hand. Excess fat, especially cholesterol contents in beef is related with metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Unfortunately, the data for the relationship of marbling degree and cholesterol contents in Hanwoo beef is very limited. The objectives of the current study were to provide basic data about cholesterol contents in Hanwoo beef and to compare those among beef cattle breeds using 61 Hanwoo and 15 each of Angus and Wagyu crossbred steers. Samples were collected from M. longissimus area and cholesterol concentrations and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography. Cholesterol concentrations in Hanwoo beef ranged from 32.36 mg/100g to 75.42mg/100g depending on individuals. In Angus, cholesterol contents in lowest marbling degree of “Practically devoid” was 56.84mg/100g, whereas it was 72.85mg/100g in the highest marbling degree of “Abundant” showing increase in cholesterol concentrations as the marbling degree increases. For Wagyu crossbred steers, it was 69.23mg/100g and 78.93 mg/100g for marbling degree of “Practically devoid” and “Abundant”, respectively, showing similar cholesterol concentrations to Angus steers but still much higher than Hanwoo steers. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids for Hanwoo, Angus and Wagyu Crossbred were 1,48, 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. And the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids : saturated fatty acids were 1.41, 1.03, and 1.10, respectively showing significantly higher ratios in Hanwoo steers. In conclusion, cholesterol contents and saturated fatty acids in M. longissimus of Hanwoo steers were significantly lower while unsaturated fatty acids were higher comparing to those in Angus or Wagyu Crossbred steers. Further studies, however, considering genetic backgrounds, feeding conditions, slaughtering age, number of samples and location of sampling of experimental animals are necessary.

Relationship between HsCRP and Pulse Transit Time (HsCRP와 맥파전달시간에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Yun-Jin;Min, Hong-Gi;Kim, Young-Joo;Jeon, Ah-Young;Jeon, Gye-Rok;Ye, Soo-Young
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.2 s.82
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    • pp.218-222
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and pulse transit time (PPT). Apparently healthy 233 subjects had been enrolled in the health promotion center of the Pusan National University Hospital from Jan. 29 to Feb. 26, 2004. They had no previous history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Subjects were categorized according to tertiles of hsCRP level [Group 1: first tertile $(0.01\;{\sim}\;0.02\;mg/dl)$, Group 2: second tertile $(0.03\;{\sim}\;0.05\;mg/dl)$, Group 3: third tertile $(0.06\;{\sim}\;0.12\;mg/dl)$, and Group 4: Fourth tertile $(0.13\;{\sim}\;16.8\;mg/dl)$]. PTT body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (T-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), blood sugar (BS), systolic blood pressure (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were significantly different among hsCRP groups (p<0.05). HsCRP is positively related with BMI, tryglyceride (TG), LDL, sBP and dBP (p<0.05), and negatively related with PTT and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.05). PTT is significantly negatively related with hsCRP, T-C, TG, LDL-C, BS, dBP and sBP (p<0.05). The hsCRP and PTT were related before controlling BMI, T-C, LDL-C, sBP, and dBP, but not related after conkolling. The relationship between hsCRP and PTT depends on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Mechanism by which periodontitis may contribute to atherosclerosis (치주염이 동맥경화에 기여하는 기전에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Seung-Hee;Kim, Kyung-Hwa;Yang, Seung-Min;Chung, Hyun-Ju;Choi, Yoon-Sik;Han, Soo-Boo;Chung, Chong-Pyoung;Rhyu, In-Chul
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.837-846
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    • 2002
  • 그람 음성균의 감염에 의한 만성 염증질환인 치주염이 동맥경화를 동반한 허혈성 심장질환 (협심증이나 심근 경색)을 일으킬 수 있는 위험인자로 작용할 수 있다는 보고가 있었다. 그러나, 그 기전에 관해서는 명확하게 알려져 있지 않다. 작용기전의 하나로서, 치주염에 의해 치주조직에서 국소적으로 생긴 염증성 싸이토카인(IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$)이 혈행을 따라 이동하여 심혈관에서 동맥경화를 일으킬 수 있다는 가설이 제시되고 있는데, 이 가설을 검증해 보고자 한다. 서울대학교 병원 순환기 내과에 불안정 협심증이나 심근경색으로 입원한 환자 및 과거 이 질환의 병력을 갖고 있거나 검진 목적으로 내원하여 관상동맥 조형술을 받은 환자들 중 동맥경화로 진단받은 사람을 실험군(24명)으로 하고, 동맥경화로 진단받지 않은 사람을 대조군(12명)으로 하였다. 치주질환의 활성도를 나타내는 치은 지수, 치태 지수, 치주낭 깊이, 부착 상실을 측정하였다. Paper strip을 실험대상 치아(Ramfjord's teeth)들 중에서 가장 깊은 치주낭을 가진 두 개의 치아를 택하여 각 치아의 가장 깊은 치주낭에 30초간 삽입한 후 밀폐된 plastic tube에 넣고 ELISA kit를 이용하여 IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$의 농도를 측정하였다. 환자의 plasma에서도 동일한 싸이토카인의 농도를 측정하였다. 설문조사를 통해 동맥경화의 위험 인자로 간주되어온 고혈압, 당뇨, 가족력, 심근경색이나 협심증의 기왕력, 흡연의 유무를 기록하였다. 혈액검사를 하여 total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, WBC, CRP (C-reactive protein)의 농도를 측정하였다. 치주조직에 대한 임상 검사 결과 치은의 염증상태를 나타나는 지표인 치은 지수에서만 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의할 정도 (p=0.0174)로 높게 나타났고, 만성적인 염증의 결과로 인한 치조골의 사실 정도를 나타내는 치주낭 깊이나 부착 상실에서는 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 치주낭에서 측정한 염증성 싸이토카인 중 IL-1${\beta}$, $PGE_2$가 실험군에서 유의할 만한 차이 (p=0.005, 0.022)를 보이며, 더 높은 농도로 나타났고, TNF-${\alpha}$는 대조군에서 유의성 있게 (p=0.009) 높게 나타났다. 그러나, plasma의 싸이토카인이나, serum lipid/lipoprotein, C-reactive Protein, WBC는 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 치은열구액내의 싸이토카인과 이에 상흥하는 싸이토카인 간에 상관관계는 관찰되지 않았다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 치은열구액내의 IL-1${\beta}$와 TNF-${\alpha}$ 만이 동맥경화와 유의성 있는 관련성을 보였고, 특히 IL-1${\beta}$와 교차비는 273으로 상당한 관련성을 보여주었다. 결론적으로, 치주조직에서 국소적으로 생긴 염증성 싸이토카인이 그대로 혈행으로 이동하여 혈장내의 싸이토카인 농도를 높이는 것은 아니다. 그러나, 치주염으로 인해 치은열구내액내에 국소적으로 증가된 염증성 싸이토카인은 동맥경화와 상당한 관련성을 가진다.