• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

A 3-year-old female Thoroughbred racehorse was presented following the accidental oral and skin administration of amitraz. This case report describes the clinical signs and the treatment of this horse. Clinical signs of amitraz toxicosis are associated with the stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Amitraz is seldom fatal because the effects can be reversed by alpha2-adrenergic antagonists. The horse displayed typical clinical signs of colic, including pawing, small hard drops, tranquillisation, depression, ataxia, muscular incoordination and impaction colic lasting up to 7 days. The syndrome was accompanied by mild dehydration. The horse survived after persistent symptomatic treatment, including the giving of intravenous fluids, antibiotics, multiple doses of mineral oil per os, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dexamethasone intramuscularly and intravenously.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder associated with various central nervous system problems and adrenal insufficiency. It is common in childhood and symptoms include loss of previously acquired neurological abilities, seizures, ataxia, Addison's disease as well as degeneration of visual and auditory function. These children frequently require anesthesia during imagining procedure such as MRI or during some surgical procedures like gastrostomy. There is special need for careful management because of numerous anesthetic challenges like difficulty in cooperation, seizure disorders, life-threatening airway obstruction, copious oral secretion and possibility of aspiration. In addition, adrenal involvement and hypofunction must be considered for safe anesthesia management. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with ALD for dental procedures.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-62
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• 2002

Two separate cranial nerve variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS) have been reported. One is Miller-Fisher syndrome, the other is polyneuritis cranialis. Involvement of the extraocular muscles in variants of GBS is well recognized, but complete external and internal opthalmoplegia is rare. Optic neuritis remains the only consistent, albeit very uncommon, evidence of inflammation of central nervous system myelin in GBS. This propose that GBS is part of a spectrum of central and peripheral inflammation. This case is an unusual clinical variant who had ptosis, opthalmoplegia, areflexia, ataxia, optic neurritis, marked oropharyngeal, and neck and shoulder weakness. This combined regional from is able to misdiagnose initially as botulism or diphtheria and less so, myasthenia. So if we were consider variant from of GBS, it is possible for make a correct diagnosis more easily and treatment without delay.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.149-151
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• 2016

Chiari malformations are a congenital anomaly of the hindbrain. The most common, Chiari malformation type I (CM-I), is characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils extending at least 3 mm below the plane of the foramen magnum. Consequently, CM-I is associated with hydrocephalus and symptoms involving compression of the cervicomedullary junction by ectopic tonsils. Several studies have reported the clinical symptoms associated with CM-I, including suboccipital headache, weakness in the upper extremities, facial numbness, loss of temperature sensation, ataxia, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus. Syncope is one of the rarest presentations in patients with CM-I. There are many hypotheses regarding the causes of syncope in patients with CM-I; however, the mechanisms are not clearly understood. Although surgical decompression for CM-I in patients with syncope has yielded good clinical results in some studies, such cases are rarely reported. We report a case of orthostatic syncope in a patient with CM-I who was treated with surgical intervention.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.275-277
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• 2006

A 58-year old male patient, with a history of gastrectomy, came to our department for recently aggravated glossodynia. A delicate physical examination revealed gait ataxia and a positive Rhomberg test. He was diagnosed as having vitamin B12 deficiency using a combination of the laboratory results, such as macrocytic anemia. It was thought that the tongue pain might have been a main clinical manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.651-658
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• 1998

Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental impairment caused by a nonprogressive defect or lesion in single or multiple locations in the immature brain. The defect or lesion can occur in utero or during or shortly after birth and produces sensory-motor impairment that are usually evident in early infancy. The causes of cerebral palsy are not completely understood, certain prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors have been associated with cerebral palsy. This study was analysed the clinical features of 50 children with cerebral palsy (29 males and 21 females) in National Rehabilitation Hospital from March 17 to June 27, 1998. The time of initial visit was over than 12 months in 74%, and their cheif complains were delayed developments (78%). The preterm infants were 40% and the infants with low birth weight were 36%. The maternal age at childbirth was over than 30 years old in 52%. The most common type of cerebral palsy was spastic (54%), mixed (22%), athetosis and hypotonia (10% each), ataxia (4%). The cerebral palsy with preterm infants and low birth weight were more likely to have spastic type (P=0.002, P=0.023 each). The most preterm infants were born between 30 and 35 years old of maternal age, and there were statistical significance in difference (P=0.031).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2016

Since the outbreak of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Malaysia in 1997, large epidemics of EV71 have occurred in the Asia-Pacific region. Many children and infants have died from serious neurological complications during these epidemics, and EV71 infection has become a serious public health problem in these areas. EV71 infection causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, and usually resolves spontaneously. However, EV71 occasionally involves the central nervous system (CNS), and induces diverse neurological complications such as brainstem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Among those complications, brainstem encephalitis is the most critical neurological manifestation because it can cause neurogenic pulmonary hemorrhage/edema leading to death. The characteristic clinical symptoms such as myoclonus and ataxia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and brainstem lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, in conjunction with the skin rash of HFMD and the isolation of EV71 from a stool, throat-swab, or CSF sample are typical findings indicating CNS involvement of EV71 infection. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone are recommended in cases with severe neurological complications from EV71 infection, such as brainstem encephalitis. Despite the recent discovery of receptors for EV71 in human cells, such as the scavenger receptor B2 and P-selection glycoprotein ligand 1, it is not known why EV71 infection predominantly involves the brainstem. Recently, 3 companies in China have completed phase III clinical trials of EV71 vaccines. However, the promotion and approval of these vaccines in various countries are problems yet to be resolved.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2004

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA) is a branch of the basilar artery which supplies the bloods for ventrolateral cerebellum and the lateral tegmentum of the lower two-thirds of pons. AICA occlusion can cause such symptoms as acute-onset unilateral deafness, vertigo, facial weakness and ataxia. A case of sudden hearing loss, facial palsy and vertigo caused by AICA territory infarction recently presented itself. Korean Oriental and Western medical therapy were applied in combination. Facial palsy and vertigo improved, but hearing loss did not improve. This case is reported with a brief overview of related literatures.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1990

In order to investigate the clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical changes in the rats infected with Aujeszky’s disease virus(ADV), 100 heads of 4 weeks-old rats were inoculated intraperitoneally and intranasally, with the domestically isolated ADV, NYJ-1-87 strain, at $10^{3.0}$ or $10^{5.0}$$TCID_ {50}$/0.2ml. Results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. Clinical signs such as dulness, anorexia, pruritus, fascial edema, dyspnea and ataxia were observed from the 2nd day and died at the 3rd to 5th day after ADV inoculation. By necropsy, congestion and hemorrhage were observed in the abdominal organs, while no specific changes were detected in the other organs. 2. In histopathological observation, degeneration and necrosis of the nervous cells, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, microgliosis and perivascular cuffing were manifested in central nerve system but no specific changes were observed in the other organs. 3. By immunohistochemical staining using peroxidase antiperoxidase, the positive cells were detected in the tissues of kideny, spleen, urinary bladder and lung.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Although some mutations are beneficial and are the driving force behind evolution, it is important to maintain DNA integrity and stability because it contains genetic information. However, in the oxygen-rich environment we live in, the DNA molecule is under constant threat from endogenous or exogenous insults. DNA damage could trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), which involves DNA repair, the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, and the induction of programmed cell death or senescence. Dysregulation of these physiological responses to DNA damage causes developmental defects, neurological defects, premature aging, infertility, immune system defects, and tumors in humans. Some human syndromes are characterized by unique neurological phenotypes including microcephaly, mental retardation, ataxia, neurodegeneration, and neuropathy, suggesting a direct link between genomic instability resulting from defective DDR and neuropathology. In this review, rare human genetic disorders related to abnormal DDR and damage repair with neural defects will be discussed.