• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.123-126
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• 2004

This study aims to identify the change of bathroom design characteristics through the investigation of bathroom space in apartment model houses. The bathroom space of each private exclusive area was analyzed from the plane characteristics perspective such as quantity, location, size and shape. For this study, site survey and observation was performed to analyze the characteristics of plane and design based on twenty seven model houses of seven large-sized construction firms with Seoul area focused on. Research object was restricted to from ten Pyeong's apartment to sixty Pyeong's in order to understand various characteristics of twenty seven model houses. Since analysis variables were not diverse, the main three factors - frequency, percentage and an average - were represented in Microsoft Excel worksheet, focusing on the quantity of each case, design characteristics and pattern. 1) The quantity of bathrooms: It was turned out that the quantity of bathroom was one in ten Pyeong's apartment while it was two in thirty, forty, and fifty Pyeong's apartment. There were mostly two bathrooms available in twenty Pyeong's apartment even if only one was planned in few cases. All powder rooms and dress rooms in twenty and fifty Pyeong's apartment were designed to be separated and be accessible through bedroom. 2) The size of bathrooms: As private exclusive area increased, the size of bathroom for both family and couple increased. Couple bathrooms had the tendency to be equipped with shower booth and bathtub at the same place or have more tubs than family bathrooms because couple bathrooms were bigger than family bathrooms. 3) The location of bathrooms: Couple bathrooms were usually located beyond dress rooms or powder rooms while family bathrooms were mostly located at the entrance side. 4) The shape of bathrooms: Shower booth was assumed to be in general vogue because family bathrooms, for the most part, were comprised of a flush toilet, a washstand and a shower booth. In the case of couple bathrooms, a flush toilet, a washstand, a shower booth and a tub were generally equipped in more than twenty Pyeong's apartments while a tub was not installed in twenty Pyeong's apartments.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2017

As the number of tourists visiting Seoul are continuously increasing, the demand of an integrative tour pass is also increasing. However, only a few tour passes are available for the tourists in Seoul. In this paper, we propose a new tour pass called "Seoul Landmark Pass" targeting foreign individual travelers and investigate the marketability of the proposed tour pass. For the configuration of the Seoul Landmark Pass we listed 17 candidate attractions charging entrance fee in Seoul, referring to e-guidebook on Visit Seoul web site. Among them we selected 6 attractions using the checklist with the attributes that foreign tourists would prefer. We also performed SWOT analyzes on existing tour passes to determine the benefits to be included in the proposed tour pass. To investigate the marketability of the proposed tour pass we have surveyed the foreign individual tourists in Seoul. Using the survey data, we have analyzed the intent of purchase by age, visiting period, visiting purpose, frequency of visit, and nationality to identify target customers. The results show that the intent of purchase is high among the Chinese tourists at the age of twenties who visited Seoul for the first time or second times. Also, the individual tourists prefer to bundle T-money card with the proposed tour pass. Finally, we have provided a brief review of the Price Sensitivity Measurement (PSM) method and applied PSM to determine the acceptable price range and the optimal price of the proposed tour pass. The optimal price of the proposed tour pass is determined at 53,000 won including T-money card.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.663-674
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• 2015

Many seismically vulnerable regions in India and worldwide are located on deep soil deposits which extend to several hundred meters of depth. It has been well recognized that the earthquake shaking is altered by geological conditions at the location of building. As seismic waves propagates through uppermost layers of soil and rock, these layers serve as filter and they can increase the duration and amplitude of earthquake motion within narrow frequency bands. The amplification of these waves is largely controlled by mechanical properties of these layers, which are function of their stiffness and damping. Stiffness and damping are further influenced by soil type and thickness. In the current study, an attempt has been made to study the seismic site response of deep soils. Three hypothetical homogeneous soil models (e.g., soft soil, medium soil and hard soil) lying on bedrock are considered. Depth of half space is varied from 30 m to 2,000 m in this study. Controlled synthetic motions are used as input base motion. One dimensional equivalent linear ground response analyses are carried out using a computer package DEEPSOIL. Conventional approach of analysing up to 30 m depth has been found to be inadequate for deep soil sites. PGA values are observed to be higher for deeper soil profiles as compared to shallow soil profiles indicating that deeper soil profiles are more prone to liquefaction and other related seismic hazards under earthquake ground shaking. The study recommends to deal the deeper soil sections more carefully for estimating the amplification factors for seismic hazard assessment at the surface.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of suicide reports by mass media and social support on suicide ideation for college students. Methods: Participants are 350 undergraduate students in one university. This study uses three questionnaires: Perception and Attitude toward Suicide Reports, Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation. The SPSS/WIN 12.0 program is used to analyze the data. In particular, the participants' biographical data are analyzed into frequency and percentage. The degrees of suicide reports, social support, and suicide ideation are calculated into Mean and SD. Moreover, the suicide ideation by suicide report and social support are analyzed by the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: This study reveals that college students have an average of 30 minutes to one hour news time a day (38.9%) and have at least one suicide report in a month (30.3%). 79.7% participants believe that the suicide report of mass media results in the cause of the copycat suicide. In terms of suicide report and suicide ideation, the types of mass media (F (4,340)=2.41, p<.05) and suicidal urge (F (1,340)=31.23, p<.01), respectively, have significant influences on suicide ideation. On the other hand, the social support and suicide ideation, whether college students have their mentors (F (1,328)=13.26, p<.001) and/or careres (F (1,328)=26.84, p<.001) have significant influences on suicide ideation. Conclusion: College students have higher suicide ideation at news by internet site rather than by radio, TV, and so on. Moreover, college students who have a suicide feeling in the last one year, have more suicide ideation than who have not. On the other hand, college students who have a mentor and carer tend to have less suicide ideation.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.335-335
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• 2001

Direct-normal, total horizontal and diffuse horizontal irradiance data obtained from a multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer over seven different wavelength bands (416nm, 151nm, 616nm, 675nm, 870nm and 940nm and the entire spectrum) has been analyzed at Kwangju, South Korea from June 1998 December 2000. The maximum hourly global radiation flux ranged from 0.44 MJ/$m^2$ to 2.68 MJ/$m^2$ at around 11:00-12:00 Hr local time while the maximum hourly diffuse radiation flux ranged from about 0.96 MJ/$m^2$ to 1.37 MJ/$m^2$. The maximum hourly direct irradiance ranged from 1.42 MJ/$m^2$ to 2.92 MJ/$m^2$ from June1998-2000. During the period under consideration, the average monthly global radiation recorded were 13.09 MJ/$m^2$/day, 10.58MJ/$m^2$/day and 9.78MJ/$m^2$/day for years 1998, 1999 and 2000 respectively, while the diffuse irradiance were 6.54 MJ/$m^2$/day, 5.33 MJ/$m^2$/day and 5.14 MJ/$m^2$/day for f998, 1999 and 2000 respectively. The direct irradiance values at the site were 11.63 MJ/$m^2$/day, 8.24MJ/$m^2$/day and 7.75 MJ/$m^2$/day for 1998, f999 and 2000 respectively. It was observed that each of the years has its own unique meteorological parameters that affect the quality and quantity of radiation received for each month. The annual average daily fractions of the diffuse to the global radiation (KD) were 0.51, 0.61 and 0.59 for years 1998, 1999 and 2000 respectively. Analysis indicated that the average daily KD ranged from 0.13 to a maximum value of 0.99 in May for irradiance measured at the broadband channel while the maximum and minimum KD value of 0.91 and 0.23 was recorded at wavelength band 870nm and 940nm in January and September respectively. The lowest average daily clearness index (Kt) value recorded was 0.03 in May (Spring) and the annual average daily clearness indexes are 0.45, 0.34 and 0.35 for years 1998, f999 and 2000 respectively. The frequency of clear days annually at Kwangju is 67.95%, 29.57% and 40.72% for years 1998, 1999 and 2000 respectively.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2012

촬영된 카메라의 기초 정보를 담고 있는 EXIF 파일을 편집 프로그램들을 통해 삭제 또는 변형하게 되어 우리 주변에서 출처를 알 수 없는 이미지들이 상당수 존재하게 되었다. 이와 같은 문제점은 디지털 이미지의 출처를 왜곡하여 공공기관에서 사건의 분석 및 감정에 혼선을 줄 수 있다. 특히 증거의 출처를 명시하는 법정 기관에 출처가 삭제, 변형된 EXIF 파일을 가진 디지털 사진은 객관적 증거의 역할을 할 수 없다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 연구로써 촬영에 사용된 카메라의 신원을 추적하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 디지털카메라 이미지 프로세싱에서 사용하는 렌즈 왜곡 보정 알고리즘을 주목하였다. 렌즈 왜곡 보정은 맵핑 알고리즘을 이용하며 이 때 위신호 인공물(Aliasing artifact)와 복원 인공물(Reconstruction artifact)의 발생을 제거하기 위한 보간 알고리즘을 사용한다. 여기서 보간은 맵핑의 패턴과 유사한 형태로 나타나며 이 보간의 흔적을 찾는 것이 연구의 핵심이다. 본 논문에서는 맵핑에 사용된 보간 패턴을 검출하기 위해 미니멈 필터(Minimum Filter)를 이용한 검출 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 보간이 발생한 영역과 그렇지 않은 영역을 분류하여 두 영역에 동일한 미니멈 필터를 적용한다. 이를 DFT를 통해 각 영역간의 주파수 특성이 어떻게 나타나는지 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 두 영역간의 차분값을 활용하여 최종 검출 맵으로 구현하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

The coastal dune ecosystem is one of the ecosystems under the most development pressure in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ecological location and related ecological phenomena of coastal dune plants, but related studies are lacking. Through this study, we intend to conduct research on the structure and restoration of dune plants, focusing on the coastal dunes in Jeju Island, which are affected by artificial development pressure and the continuous increase in tourists among many coastal dunes in Korea. Ecosystems of coastal sand dunes for vegetation survey in Jeju Island are selected based on naturalness and preservation. In this study, 23 major coastal dunes on Jeju Island including Udo were selected. In the coastal dunes of Jeju Island, a whole species survey and quadrat survey were carried out. The vegetation survey at study sites were conducted on May to September 2022, when the vegetation is clearly visible. At the survey site, the dune area was identified at the beginning and the plant species were recorded until no more new species appeared. Vegetation survey in the field was performed by 103 quadrat establishments and was conducted using Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 277 species appeared, and the most common species were Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella. The frequency of both Vitex rotundifolia and Calystegia soldanella was approximately over 90%. The proportion of woody and herbaceous in all emerging species was 7.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The total number of species found in the quadrat survey was 98. As a result of classifying plant communities based on species dominance in the quadrats, it was analyzed into 30 plant communities. The plant communities that appeared with a frequency of 2 or more on the main island of Jeju were Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum antephoroides, Wedelia prostrata, Elymus mollis, Calystegia soldanella, Artemisia scoparia, and Tetragonia tetragonoides. The DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) based on the vegetation and environment factor matrix showed that the height and covers of the dominant plant species explain significantly the variation and distribution of coastal sand dune species on Jeju island. Thus, we may propose a plan to restore the coastal dunes of Jeju island as helping colonization and establishment of mainly sand dune native perennials and trees, preserving native plant communities that are declining and preserving present tree strips of Pinus thunbergii, Litsea japonica, Pittosporum tobira and Vitex rotundifolia.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active noise cancellation (ANC) system in reducing the traffic noise level against frequencies from the predictive model developed by previous research. The predictive model is based on ISO 9613-2 standards using the Noble close proximity (NCPX) method and the pass-by method. This means that the use of these standards is a powerful tool for analyzing the traffic noise level because of the strengths of these methods. Traffic noise analysis was performed based on digital signal processing (DSP) for detecting traffic noise with the pass-by method at the test site. METHODS : There are several analysis methods, which are generally divided into three different types, available to evaluate traffic noise predictive models. The first method uses the classification standard of 12 vehicle types. The second method is based on a standard of four vehicle types. The third method is founded on 5 types of vehicles, which are different from the types used by the second method. This means that the second method not only consolidates 12 vehicle types into only four types, but also that the results of the noise analysis of the total traffic volume are reflected in a comparison analysis of the three types of methods. The constant percent bandwidth (CPB) analysis was used to identify the properties of different frequencies in the frequency analysis. A-weighting was applied to the DSP and to the transformation process from analog to digital signal. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was applied to compare and evaluate the predictive model results of the three analysis methods. RESULTS : The result derived from the third method, based on the classification standard of 5 vehicle types, shows the smallest values of RMSE and max and min error. However, it does not have the reduction properties of a predictive model. To evaluate the predictive model of an ANC system, a reduction analysis of the total sound pressure level (TSPL), dB(A), was conducted. As a result, the analysis based on the third method has the smallest value of RMSE and max error. The effect of traffic noise reduction was the greatest value of the types of analysis in this research. CONCLUSIONS : From the results of the error analysis, the application method for categorizing vehicle types related to the 12-vehicle classification based on previous research is appropriate to the ANC system. However, the performance of a predictive model on an ANC system is up to a value of traffic noise reduction. By the same token, the most appropriate method that influences the maximum reduction effect is found in the third method of traffic analysis. This method has a value of traffic noise reduction of 31.28 dB(A). In conclusion, research for detecting the friction noise between a tire and the road surface for the 12 vehicle types needs to be conducted to authentically demonstrate an ANC system in the Republic of Korea.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2000

마이크로파 대역에서 복합 페롬스타이트 ($Pb_{1-x}Ca_{x}$)($Fe_{0.5}Ta_{0.5}$)$O_{3}$($0.5{\le}x{\ge}0.65$) 세라믹스의 마이크로파 유전 특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. Ca 양이 증가할수록 유전 상수는 감소하였고, 유전 상수는 A-site 이온 평균 반경의 세제곱에 비례하였다. x=0.6일때 공기중에서 $1250^{\circ}C$ 3시간 소결시 유전율은 63, QF는 11000GHz 및 공진주파수의 온도계수(TCF)는 -14 $ppm/^{\circ}C$을 갖는 마이크로파 유전체를 얻을 수 있었다. Ca양이 증가함에 따라 tolerance factor 가 감소하여 TCF는 음의 방향으로 증가하였다. Ca 조성 변화에 따른 고유한 우전 손실 변화물 50 $cm^{-1}$~4000$cm^{-1}$범위에서 원적의선 반사율을 측정하고, Kramers-Kronig 분석과 고전 조화 진동자 모델(classical oscillator model)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 반사율 곡선으로부터 계산한 ($Pb_{1-x}Ca_{x}$)($Fe_{0.5}Ta_{0.5}$)$O_{3}$ 세라믹스의 마이크로파 유전특성 값은 측정한 유전특성 값의 경향과 잘 일치하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2002

지하에 매설된 각종 시설물의 위치 및 깊이를 조사하기 위한 비파괴적인 조사방법으로 GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar; 지하투과레이다; 지하레이다) 탐사법이 국내외적으로 많이 활용되고 있으나, 가탐심도가 일반적적로 5m이내로서 낮으며, 지하매질이 불균질하거나 점토, 염분, 자갈 등이 많은 곳 및 주변의 전자기적 잡음이 심한 곳에서는 조사가 안 되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 비파괴 GPR 탐사법의 제약을 극복하고자 일반적인 매설심도(물리탐사적으로는 얕은 곳)에 위치한 지하매설물임에도 불구하고 탐지가 안 되는 지역을 선정하여, 토질분석에 의해 탐사가 되지 않는 원인규명과 함께 효과적으로 지하매설물을 탐지할 수 있는 새로운 비파괴 전자(電磁) 탐사법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 2kHz-4MHz 대역의 지하조사를 위한 고주파수대역 전자탐사법을 개발, 적용하였다. 고주파수대역 전자 탐사는 주파수대역 탐사이며 인공적으로 에너지원(源)을 방출하는 능동적인 탐사법으로서 가탐심도는 약30m 정도이다. 서로 수직한 전기장과 자기장을 측정하여 임피던스를 계산하며, 이로부터 측점 하부의 수직적인 전기비저항 분포를 해석하게 된다. 또한, 비접촉 용량전극을 채택하여 측정시간을 대폭 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 콘크리트, 아스팔트 및 잡석으로 포장된 지역에서도 조사가 용이하며, 신호중첩에 의해 고압선 등에 의한 잡음을 감소시킬 수 있게 되었다. 다른 탐사방법으로는 발견할 수 없었던 지하매설관에 대해서 본 고주파수대역 전자탐사를 성공적으로 정밀하게 적용할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 지하매설물의 위치 및 깊이 확인을 위한 정밀 지하측량 지반조사 및 문화 유적지조사 등에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.