• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate emotional display rules and intentions of preschool children, any gender differences and the emotional intentions according to levels of understanding of emotional display rules and positive vs. negative situations. The subjects were 58 six-year-old preschoolers who were individually interviewed using 7 hypothetical scenarios that assessed emotional display rules and intentions. The children showed more self-protective intention than other intentions, although there were no gender differences in using emotional display intentions. Children with high scores of emotional display rules frequently tended to use prosocial and self-protective intentions and also used different emotional intentions on positive vs. negative emotional situations.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the family of origin variables on marital conflict. Seventy five married couples living together for less than 10 years were chosen from Seoul and Suwon cities. These subjects completed Korean Version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ, Individual Separation Scale, Family Rules Scale, Korea Certificated Egogram, and Marital Conflict Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-t test, and hierarchical regressions. The results were as follows: First, husbands and wives were different from each other in triangulation, family rules from family of origin and marital conflict. While husbands felt more strongly about their family rules than wives, wives perceived triangulation, and marital conflict higher than husbands. Second, husbands' controlling ego state, individuation, and family rules explained sixteen percents of husbands' marital conflict. Statistically speaking husbands' controlling ego state positively influenced on husbands' marital conflict. However, both of husbands' and wives' controlling ego states explained twelve percents of wives' marital conflict, and husbands' controlling ego state was statistically significant.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-176
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• 2012

The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) recently revised its International Arbitration Rules in a way that reflects its efforts to advance its procedures, leading directly to improved competitiveness as an arbitration institute. Apart from certain limitations, the KCAB's international arbitration rule revision introduced several new arbitration mechanisms, including fast-track arbitration and an empowered administrative office. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) released a revised set of arbitration rules (ICC Arbitration Rules), which have been said to be probably the most consulted-on arbitration rules ever. Even though the changes codify existing ICC court practice and add to the 1998 rules only provisions felt necessary in light of input from the users of arbitration, some of the changes will have huge implications for future aspects of arbitration mechanisms, especially those of KCAB. Although it remains to be seen what impact the ICC Arbitration Rules will have in practice, the new rules have been well received by the arbitration community and represent a modern set of provisions consistent with the current needs of the users of international arbitration. That is why, here in the Korean arbitration environment, further research is needed on the possibilities of introducing several elements of the revised ICC Arbitration Rules to improve the speed and cost efficiency of international arbitration.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.39-64
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• 2021

Objective: This study analyzed the compliance situation of class rules for 3-year olds in the Wisdom class at Sarang kindergarten. Methods: Research participants were composed of 17 young children and two teachers in the wisdom class for 3-year-olds and data collection and analysis were conducted by participant observation using the qualitative method. Results: Research results were as follows. The compliance situation of class rules included compliance, violation, and among compliance and violation. First, compliance was divided into compliance with assistance and self compliance. Compliance with assistance is for young children to follow the rules under the guidance, help, and instructions of teachers. Self compliance is for children to understand and follow the rules themselves. Second, Between compliance and violation is conflict of the rules created by different standards of class rules. Third, depending on who found the violation, violation was classified into teacher discovery, peer discovery, and acquiescence. The teacher discovery led to teacher guidance and teacher acquiescence, The peer discovery led to peer notification, peer resistance, peer punishment, and peer acquiescence. Conclusion/Implications: By looking at the compliance situation of class rules for three-year-olds, the educational implications of how to guide class rules were obtained for children.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.764-770
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• 2004

This paper presents a hybrid data mining mechanism to extract expert knowledge from historical data and extend expert systems' reasoning capabilities by using fuzzy neural network (FNN)-based learning & rule extraction algorithm. Our hybrid data mining mechanism is based on association rule extraction mechanism, FNN learning and fuzzy rule extraction algorithm. Most of traditional data mining mechanisms are depended ()n association rule extraction algorithm. However, the basic association rule-based data mining systems has not the learning ability. Therefore, there is a problem to extend the knowledge base adaptively. In addition, sequential patterns of association rules can`t represent the complicate fuzzy logic in real-world. To resolve these problems, we suggest the hybrid data mining mechanism based on association rule-based data mining, FNN learning and fuzzy rule extraction algorithm. Our hybrid data mining mechanism is consisted of four phases. First, we use general association rule mining mechanism to develop an initial rule base. Then, in the second phase, we adopt the FNN learning algorithm to extract the hidden relationships or patterns embedded in the historical data. Third, after the learning of FNN, the fuzzy rule extraction algorithm will be used to extract the implicit knowledge from the FNN. Fourth, we will combine the association rules (initial rule base) and fuzzy rules. Implementation results show that the hybrid data mining mechanism can reflect both association rule-based knowledge extraction and FNN-based knowledge extension.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.366-370
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• 2003

In this research, we suggest a hybrid intelligent Web recommendation systems based on Web data mining and case-based reasoning (CBR). One of the important research topics in the field of Internet business is blending artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with knowledge discovering in database (KDD) or data mining (DM). Data mining is used as an efficient mechanism in reasoning for association knowledge between goods and customers＇ preference. In the field of data mining, the features, called attributes, are often selected primary for mining the association knowledge between related products. Therefore, most of researches, in the arena of Web data mining, used association rules extraction mechanism. However, association rules extraction mechanism has a potential limitation in flexibility of reasoning. If there are some goods, which were not retrieved by association rules-based reasoning, we can＇t present more information to customer. To overcome this limitation case, we combined CBR with Web data mining. CBR is one of the AI techniques and used in problems for which it is difficult to solve with logical (association) rules. A Web-log data gathered in real-world Web shopping mall was given to illustrate the quality of the proposed hybrid recommendation mechanism. This Web shopping mall deals with remote-controlled plastic models such as remote-controlled car, yacht, airplane, and helicopter. The experimental results showed that our hybrid recommendation mechanism could reflect both association knowledge and implicit human knowledge extracted from cases in Web databases.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.43-70
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to make research on the contents and discussions of the draft of revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules that have been discussed and considered by the Working Group. At its thirty-ninth session (New York, 19 June-7 July 2006), the Commission agreed that, in respect of future work of the Working Group, priority be given to a revision of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (1976). At its forty-fifth session (Vienna, 11-15 September 2006), the Working Group undertook to identify areas where a revision of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules might be useful. At that session, it was considered that the focus of the revision should be on updating the Rules to meet changes that had taken place over the last thirty years in arbitral practice. The largely amended provisions of the draft of revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules are as follows : Notice of arbitration and response to the notice of arbitration (Article 3), Designating and appointing authorities (Article 4 bis), November of arbitrators (Article 5), Appointment of arbitrations (Article 6), Appointment of arbitrators in multi-party arbitration (Article 7 bis), Challenge of arbitrators (Article 9), Replacement of an arbitrator (Article 13), Pleas as to the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal (Article 21), Interim measures (Article 26), Form and effect of the award (Article 32), and Liability of arbitrators (Proposed additional provisions). There are some differences between the draft of revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules and the KCAB Arbitration Rules. In order to jnternationalize the Korea's commercial arbitration system, it is desirable that the main articles of the draft of revised UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules should be admitted to the KCAB Arbitration Rules. In conclusion, the Commission was generally of the view of any revision of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules should not alter the structure of the text, its spirit, its drafting style, and should respect the flexibility of the text rather than make it more complex. The Working Group agreed that harmonizing the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law should not be automatic but rather considered only where appropriate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2008

Association rule mining searches for interesting relationships among items in a given database. Association rules are frequently used by retail stores to assist in marketing, advertising, floor placement, and inventory control. There are three primary quality measures for association rule, support and confidence and lift. Association rule is an interesting rule among purchased items in transaction, but the negative association rule is an interesting rule that includes items which are not purchased. Boolean Analyzer is the method to produce the negative association rule using PIM. But, PIM is subjective. In this paper, we present statistical objective criterion in negative association rules using Boolean Analyzer.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

Association rule mining searches for interesting relationships among items in a given database. Association rules are frequently used by retail stores to assist in marketing, advertising, floor placement, and inventory control. There are three primary quality measures for association rule support and confidence and lift. Association rule is an interesting rule among purchased items in transaction, but the negative association rule is an interesting rule that includes items which are not purchased. Boolean Analyzer is the method to produce the negative association rule using PIM. But PIM is subjective. In this paper, we present statistical objective criterion in negative association rules using Boolean Analyzer.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권45호
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• pp.121-133
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• 1998

This study suggests an efficient algorithm for updating discovered association rules in large database, because a database may allow frequent or occasional updates, and such updates may not only invalidate some existing strong association rules, but also turn some weak rules into strong ones. FUP and DMI update efficiently strong association rules in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. Moreover, these algorithms use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. This study updates strong association rules efficiently in the whole updated database reusing the information of the old large item-sets. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study generates the whole candidate item-sets at once in an incremental database in view of the fact that it is difficult to find the new set of large item-sets in the whole updated database after an incremental database is added to the original database. This method of generating candidate item-sets is different from that of FUP and DMI. After generating the whole candidate item-sets, if each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is large at an incremental database, the original database is scanned and the support of each item-set in the whole candidate item-sets is updated. So, the whole large item-sets in the whole updated database is found out. An updating algorithm that is suggested in this study does not use a pruning technique for reducing the database size in the update process. As a result, an updating algoritm that is suggested updates fast and efficiently discovered large item-sets.