• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 2015

Time series are used in many studies for model building and analysis. We must be very careful to understand the kind of time series data used in the analysis. In this review article, we will begin with some issues related to the use of aggregate and systematic sampling time series. Since several time series are often used in a study of the relationship of variables, we will also consider vector time series modeling and analysis. Although the basic procedures of model building between univariate time series and vector time series are the same, there are some important phenomena which are unique to vector time series. Therefore, we will also discuss some issues related to vector time models. Understanding these issues is important when we use time series data in modeling and analysis, regardless of whether it is a univariate or multivariate time series.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2023

Traditional mediation analysis, which relies on linear regression models, has faced criticism due to its limited suitability for cases involving different types of variables and complex covariates, such as interactions. This can result in unclear definitions of direct and indirect effects. As an alternative, causal mediation analysis using the counterfactual framework has been introduced to provide clearer definitions of direct and indirect effects while allowing for more flexible modeling methods. However, the conceptual understanding of this approach based on the counterfactual framework remains challenging for applied researchers. To address this issue, the present article was written to highlight and illustrate the definitions of causal estimands, including controlled direct effect, natural direct effect, and natural indirect effect, based on the key concept of nested counterfactuals. Furthermore, we recommend using 2 R packages, 'medflex' and 'mediation', to perform causal mediation analysis and provide public health examples. The article also offers caveats and guidelines for accurate interpretation of the results.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 2016

On-road source emissions are major air pollutants and have been associated with serious health effects in Seoul metropolis. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to have an accurate assessment of vehicle emissions in order to implement an effective air quality management policy. As a result, there is a need to overview vehicle emission characteristics of air pollutants. This article discusses vehicle exhaust sampling and chemical analysis, emission characteristics of air pollutants, and emission regulations from passenger cars. The vehicle exhaust sampling and chemical analysis methods were described in particulate matter and gaseous compounds. In this article, chassis dynamometer, measurement instrumentation for nano-particulate matter and carbon compounds analysis device were described. For the gasoline and diesel vehicles, the effective parameters of emissions were average vehicle speed, vehicle mileage and model year. The particle number emissions for diesel nano-particles were sensitive to the sampling conditions. Also, the particle number emissions with a diesel particle filter (DPF) largely reduced rather than those without it. This article also describes different emission characteristics of air pollutants according to biodiesel or bioethanol mixing ratio. The Korean emission standards for passenger cars were compared with those of the US and EU. Finally, the objective is to give an overview of relevant background information on emission characteristics of air pollutants from passenger cars in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

"Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety" is representative scientific journal about ocean environment and ocean safety in Korea. This study analyzed research trend of "Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety" through review of articles published in the journals for 10 years tram 2000 to 2009. On the basis of the pursuit of learning and academic constitution of "The Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety", criteria items of analysis for research trend such as authors institution of employment, region of authors' institution, form of participation in research, article's educational nature, article's method of study, article's area of study, etc. were set up and applied to 310 research articles published in "Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety" for 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.549-559
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• 2014

To investigate the technology trends in organic farming using journal article analysis, total 2,378 published articles in organic farming between 1974 and 2014 were analyzed. The number of the articles published in organic farming has been steadily increased since 2006. As for category, articles in the field of producing the safe organic products and management (A) were published relatively dominantly, especially division of nutrient and soil management (AA). In the foreign countries, lots of articles in environmental assessment and safety field (B) were published than Korea. the main institutes published the articles in organic farming were Swedish University, Sweden and US department of Agriculture, USA. In case of Korea, the articles in the field of environmental assessment and safety (B) were relatively merely published, especially division of environment in organic farming (BA). With this study, more research based on the environment and safety fields in organic farming should be focused on.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.6
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the top 10 most-cited articles on the management of fractured or broken instruments and to perform a bibliometric analysis thereof. Materials and Methods: Published articles related to fractured instruments were screened from online databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and highly cited papers, with at least 50 citations since publication, were identified. The most-cited articles were selected and analysed with regard to publication title, authorship, the journal of publication, year, institution, country of origin, article type, and number of citations. Results: The top 10 most-cited articles were from various journals. Most were published in the Journal of Endodontics, followed by the International Endodontic Journal, and Dental Traumatology. The leading countries were Australia, Israel, Switzerland, the USA, and Germany, and the leading institution was the University of Melbourne. The majority of articles among the top 10 articles were clinical research studies (n = 8), followed by a basic research article and a non-systematic review article. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis revealed interesting information about scientific progress in endodontics regarding fractured instruments. Overall, clinical research studies and basic research articles published in high-impact endodontic journals had the highest citation rates.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2015

Purpose: We performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis in the Journal of the Korean Society of Traumatology (JKST) by Bibliometrics to know the trends of articles. Methods: We reviewed articles in the JKST retrospectively through 1988 to 2014. Articles were classified into original articles, case reports, review articles, and also it is further classified as topics and the information related to the Department of Medicine of corresponding author. Original article was classified prospective and retrospective studies. Results: 753 studies and average of 27.9 studies per year were posted on JKST. 576 original articles (76.5%) were posted. Retrospective studies around 449 studies (78%) were posted and there were about 35 descript studies and 541 analytic studies. The most common themes were related to abdominal trauma, 144 pieces, 95 pieces following damage to the chest and the 84 pieces of special order of trauma. Emergency department had the highest case whereas general surgery came to the second place. Conclusion: Recently, there has been reduced proportion of original article in JKST. It was not possible to evaluate the Korea Citation index journals due to the fact that it does not correspond to listed register Journal of National Foundation of Korea. There will be the need for the effort to improve the maintenance of the posted article number, as well as the qualitative development of the posted articles.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-106
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• 2004

The UNCITRAL Arbitration Working Group began its deliberations on the topic of interim measures of protection at its thirty-second session (Vienna, 21-30 March 2000), when the Working Group expressed general support for a legal regime governing enforcement of interim measures of protection ordered by the arbitral tribunal. Also the Working Group took a preliminary analysis of whether there was a need for a uniform rule on court-ordered interim measures of protection in support of arbitration. The Working Group agreed, at its thirty-third session (Vienna, 20 November-1 December 2000), that the proposed new article to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration on enforcement of interim measures of protection (tentatively numbered article 17 bis) should include an obligation on courts to enforce interim measures if prescribed conditions were met. At its thirty-fourth session (New York, 21 May-1 Jun 2001), in addition to continuing its review of draft article 17 bis, the Working Group proceeded to consider a text revising article 17 of the UNCITRAL Model Law, which defined the scope of an arbitral tribunal's power to order interim measures and included an additional provision on the granting of interim measures on an ex parte basis. Discussions in relation to revised drafts of article 17 and 17 bis of the UNCITRAL Model Law have continued at the fortieth session ( New York, 23-27 February 2004). Article 17 of the UNCITRAL Model Law provides that the arbitral tribunal may order any party to take such interim measure of protection as the arbitral tribunal may consider necessary in respect to the subject matter of the dispute. However it may be noted that the article does not deal with enforcement of such measures.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.287-307
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• 2013

Numerous discussions on the KORUS FTA has been centered around issues on trade in goods, services, or dispute settlement mechanisms. On the other hand, little attention has been given to Chpater 21 of the KORUS FTA on transparency, especially Article 21.6 which states about anti-corruption. Article 21.6 and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act shares the common purpose to prevent corruptive business practice, and they show similarities in many aspects. The FCPA enforcement has dramatically increased over the past ten years by the U.S. Department of Justice and Securities Exchange Commission stretching its jurisdiction to foreign nationals and companies. Korean business professionals and corporations are exposed to both Article 21.6 and the FCPA on corruption issues. Thus, it is imperative to understand Article 21.6 to be equipped with anti-corruption compliance programs. This paper examines the FCPA and Article 21.6 through comparative analysis and proposes appropriate measures for Korea to take.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.66
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• pp.49-74
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• 2021

This article is to an curriculum area's academic retrospection and hoping future of KSCRE through analyzing of the article in Journal of Christian Education. The methodology for analyzing the Journal of Christian Education is the historical perspectives which are divided into the period of beginning(1996-2010), the period of growth(2011-2015), the period of maturity(2016-2020). Three periods are categorized into curriculum theory, educational learner, educational context. The number of articles in three periods are eight article(25.8%), thirteen article(41.93%), ten article(32.26%). And seven article in curriculum theory, five article in educational learner, nineteen article in education context. Articles of curriculum theory have a tendency into the reconceptualization as the five articles of seven articles. This tendency will maintains in the future of the Christian curriculum by the nature of Christian education as interdisciplinary including theology. Educational learners in the study of Christian curriculum are female, laity, infant, parent which have not any tendency but variety of educational learners. Educational contexts have one article to the home, four articles to the church, fourteen article to the schools including theological schools. For the development of christian curriculum the christian curriculum is studied in balance of educational contexts.