• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.11-50
• /
• 2023

As the field of interventional pain management (IPM) grows, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) is increasing. SSI is defined as an infection of the incision or organ/space that occurs within one month after operation or three months after implantation. It is also common to find patients with suspected infection in an outpatient clinic. The most frequent IPM procedures are performed in the spine. Even though primary pyogenic spondylodiscitis via hematogenous spread is the most common type among spinal infections, secondary spinal infections from direct inoculation should be monitored after IPM procedures. Various preventive guidelines for SSI have been published. Cefazolin, followed by vancomycin, is the most commonly used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in IPM. Diagnosis of SSI is confirmed by purulent discharge, isolation of causative organisms, pain/tenderness, swelling, redness, or heat, or diagnosis by a surgeon or attending physician. Inflammatory markers include traditional (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and novel (procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, and presepsin) markers. Empirical antibiotic therapy is defined as the initial administration of antibiotics within at least 24 hours prior to the results of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Definitive antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the above culture and testing. Combination antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections appears to be superior to monotherapy in mortality with the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance rates. The never-ending war between bacterial resistance and new antibiotics is continuing. This article reviews prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection in pain medicine.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2023

우크라니아-러시아 전쟁은 최첨단 무기의 시험장으로 최초의 본격적인 드론전(Drone Warfare)을 수행하고 있다. 우크라이나군은 전장에서 다양한 정찰 및 공격드론을 공세적으로 운용하고 있으며, 최근에는 일명 레이싱드론으로 불리는 FPV드론에 폭탄을 장착하여 소부대 전투의 게임체인저로 운용하고 있다. 이와 같은 FPV드론은 비접촉 상황 하에서 정밀타격이 가능하여 전투원의 생존성과 소부대의 치명성을 강화하고 있다. 본 고에서는 이런 FPV드론의 이해를 돕기 위해 정의, 기체 부품, 주요 특성 등을 고찰하고, 우크라이나군의 FPV 전투 사례를 통한 시사점을 도출하였다. 향후, 인공지능과 군집기술을 접목한다면 FPV드론의 치명성은 고도화될 것이다. 이에 따라, 미래 한반도 작전환경에 걸맞는 FPV드론의 개발 필요성은 증대되고 있고, 이를 위한 싸우는 방법 구체화와 관련 기술의 최적화를 위한 후속연구가 필요하다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2022

The undrained shear strength of soil is considered one of the engineering parameters of utmost significance in geotechnical design methods. In-situ experiments like cone penetration tests (CPT) have been used in the last several years to estimate the undrained shear strength depending on the characteristics of the soil. Nevertheless, the majority of these techniques rely on correlation presumptions, which may lead to uneven accuracy. This research's general aim is to extend a new united soft computing model, which is a combination of random forest (RF) with grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to the pile set-up parameters' better approximation from CPT, based on two different types of data as inputs. Data type 1 contains pile parameters, and data type 2 consists of soil properties. The contribution of this article is that hybrid GOA - RF for the first time, was suggested to forecast the pile set-up parameter from CPT. In order to do this, CPT data and related bore log data were gathered from 70 various locations across Louisiana. With an R² greater than 0.9098, which denotes the permissible relationship between measured and anticipated values, the results demonstrated that both models perform well in forecasting the set-up parameter. It is comprehensible that, in the training and testing step, the model with data type 2 has finer capability than the model using data type 1, with R² and RMSE are 0.9272 and 0.0305 for the training step and 0.9182 and 0.0415 for the testing step. All in all, the models' results depict that the A parameter could be forecasted with adequate precision from the CPT data with the usage of hybrid GOA - RF models. However, the RF model with soil features as input parameters results in a finer commentary of pile set-up parameters.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.106-123
• /
• 2024

This article takes the talk show "Beast Town" as an example to introduce the overall technical solution, technical difficulties and countermeasures for the combination of cartoon virtual characters and virtual studio technology, providing reference and experience for the multi-scenario application of digital humans. Compared with the live broadcast that combines reality and reality, we have further upgraded our virtual production technology and digital human-driven technology, adopted industry-leading real-time virtual production technology and monocular camera driving technology, and launched a virtual cartoon character talk show - "Beast Town" to achieve real Perfectly combined with virtuality, it further enhances program immersion and audio-visual experience, and expands infinite boundaries for virtual manufacturing. In the talk show, motion capture shooting technology is used for final picture synthesis. The virtual scene needs to present dynamic effects, and at the same time realize the driving of the digital human and the movement with the push, pull and pan of the overall picture. This puts forward very high requirements for multi-party data synchronization, real-time driving of digital people, and synthetic picture rendering. We focus on issues such as virtual and real data docking and monocular camera motion capture effects. We combine camera outward tracking, multi-scene picture perspective, multi-machine rendering and other solutions to effectively solve picture linkage and rendering quality problems in a deeply immersive space environment. , presenting users with visual effects of linkage between digital people and live guests.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2024

The Korean heliospheric community, led by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), is currently assessing the viability of deploying a spacecraft at the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point L4 in collaboration with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The aim of this mission is to utilize a combination of remote sensing and in situ instruments for comprehensive observations, complementing the capabilities of the L1 and L5 observatories. The paper outlines longterm scientific objectives, underscoring the significance of multi-point in-situ observations to better understand critical heliospheric phenomena. These include coronal mass ejections, magnetic flux ropes, heliospheric current sheets, kinetic waves and instabilities, suprathermal electrons and solar energetic particle events, as well as remote detection of solar radiation phenomena. Furthermore, the mission's significance in advancing space weather prediction and space radiation exposure assessment models through the integration of L4 observations is discussed. This article is concluded with an emphasis on the potential of L4 observations to propel advancements in heliospheric science.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.49-70
• /
• 2011

신서비스 개발이 업계와 학계의 화두로 떠오르고 그 수요가 날로 증가하고 있음에 비해 신서비스 개발을 위한 방법론에 관한 연구는 아직 초기단계에 머무르고 있다. 특히, 외부자원을 이용한 개방형 협업에 관한 관심이 커지고 있음에도 불구하고 외부자원을 이용한 신서비스 개발 방법론에 관한 연구는 극히 드물다. 본 연구는 인터넷과 모바일 등의 정보통신기술 발달을 바탕으로 외부자원을 내부자원과 결합하여 신서비스 개발 아이디어를 창출하고 신서비스 기반의 비즈니스 모델을 개발하기 위한 새로운 방법론을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 이른바 "개방형 협업을 통한 혁신 방법론"은 최근 주목 받고 있는 개방형 혁신 모델의 이론과 사회심리학에서의 인간의 협력 의지에 관한 연구에 이론적 근거를 둔다. 이 방법론을 통해 서비스 개발의 목적에 따라 적정한 외부 참여자를 식별하여 동기를 부여하고 통제 및 모니터링 할 수 있는 시스템을 디자인하여 신서비스 모델을 창출해 나가는 과정을 제안한다. 끝으로 우리는 사례를 통하여 어떻게 이 모델이 실제 비즈니스에 적용될 수 있는지를 보여준다. 본 연구를 통하여 신사업을 기획하는 기업에 실제적인 도움을 주는 동시에, 집단지성, 웹 2.0, 크라우드소싱 등으로 나타나고 있는 개방형 협업 모델에 관한 이해를 제고하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.225-237
• /
• 2018

The difficulties of satellite vibration testing are due to the commonly expressed qualification requirements being incompatible with the limited performance of the entire controlled system (satellite + interface + shaker + controller). Two features cause the problem: firstly, the main satellite modes (i.e., the first structural mode and the high and low tank modes) are very weakly damped; secondly, the controller is just too basic to achieve the expected performance in such cases. The combination of these two issues results in oscillations around the notching levels and high amplitude beating immediately after the mode. The beating overshoots are a major risk source because they can result in the test being aborted if the qualification upper limit is exceeded. Although the abort is, in itself, a safety measure protecting the tested satellite, it increases the risk of structural fatigue, firstly because the abort threshold has been already reached, and secondly, because the test must restart at the same close-resonance frequency and remain there until the qualification level is reached and the sweep frequency can continue. The beat minimum relates only to small successive frequency ranges in which the qualification level is not reached. Although they are less problematic because they do not cause an inadvertent test shutdown, such situations inevitably result in waiver requests from the client. A controlled-system analysis indicates an operating principle that cannot provide sufficient stability: the drive calculation (which controls the process) simply multiplies the frequency reference (usually called cola) and a function of the following setpoint, the ratio between the amplitude already reached and the previous setpoint, and the compression factor. This function value changes at each cola interval, but it never takes into account the sensor signal phase. Because of these limitations, we firstly examined whether it was possible to empirically determine, using a series of tests with a very simple dummy, a controller setting process that significantly improves the results. As the attempt failed, we have performed simulations seeking an optimum adjustment by finding the Least Mean Square of the difference between the reference and response signal. The simulations showed a significant improvement during the notch beat and a small reduction in the beat amplitude. However, the small improvement in this process was not useful because it highlighted the need to change the reference at each cola interval, sometimes with instructions almost twice the qualification level. Another uncertainty regarding the consequences of such an approach involves the impact of differences between the estimated model (used in the simulation) and the actual system. As limitations in the current controller were identified in different approaches, we considered the feasibility of a new controller that takes into account an estimated single-input multi-output (SIMO) model. Its parameters were estimated from a very low-level throughput. Against this backdrop, we analyzed the feasibility of an LQG control in cancelling beating, and this article highlights the relevance of such an approach.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.1043-1061
• /
• 2018

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer's beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 2007

The blur phenomenon obscuring the boundary between the field of designers and that of users may be the key paradigm in the 21st century. However, we observed a number of chair design cases that could be considered as the results of blur pheonomenon in the furniture design field from mid 1960s. The backgrounds include the repulsion against the uniform functionalism, deliberation on the life in the future and the development of plastic materials and their processing methods. Under such backgrounds, the designers pursued the new and futuristic furniture design. In that process, what is about the "freedom" that the consumers as well as the designers should have in using the furniture was the important concept. This concept enabled the creation of chair design inducing the participation of consumers. They created various kinds of shapes, functions and structures that the consumers became interested in as if they had fun with toy blocks by mainly using the new material "plastic". In a formative aspect, the entire shape is classified into the organic shape and geometric shape. The unit types are divided into two kinds; type that the unit of simple shape is repeated only with size difference and irregular combination type of the units comprised of more than two shapes. In the functional aspect, some cases showed the transformation and expansion of the function more variously. Other cases changed the function of chairs to tables, cabinets, or objects. In the structural aspect, on the basis of the method assembling each unit, one method is to assemble using the hardware and the other is to assemble only with intrinsic units of chair. The chair design created by the blur phenomenon between the designers and the users as described above causes the blur phenomenon between the furniture and the space where the furniture is installed. Accordingly, it is expanding the furniture design sphere including the case that the furniture is not selected as the rifle article depending on the characteristics of interior space but it becomes the element leading the characteristics of space. This study aims to estimate the change of interior space and the furniture that my cause the blur phenomenon by examining the cases above appropriate for the paradigm of the 21st century. Furthermore, this study will enable the discussion oil the directions of future furniture design based on its results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2017

다양한 응용분야를 가진 국부적인 표면플라즈몬 공명 특성을 손쉽게 제어할 수 있는 기술 개발은 매우 중요하다. 또한, 금속 나노입자의 형태, 크기, 그리고 조합에 관한 세심한 조사는 공명특성과 금속 나노구조의 관계를 이해하는데 매우 유용하다. 본 논문은 블록공중합체 마이셀 박막필름으로부터 얻어진 금속나노입자 배열에 따른 국부적인 표면플라즈몬의 공명특성에 관한 연구이다. 우선 전통적인 방법의 블록공중합체 리소그라피를 통해 두 가지 다른, 점 형태 및 링 형태, 금 나노입자를 제조하였다. 그 다음 은거울 반응을 통하여 금 나노입자위에 은이 둘러 쌓이도록 금/은 이중금속 나노구조를 구현했다. 금속 나노 구조체 조절을 위해 에탄올 전처리, 은거울 반응 시간, 블록공중합체의 제거 유무 등의 공정변수를 변화시켰다. 초기 금 나노입자가 잘 제조된 경우 항상 금나노입자 표면에 적절히 은이 잘 형성되었고, 이는 UV-Vis 실험에서 각 금속나노 입자의 고유 플라즈몬 밴드인 금 525nm, 은 420nm에서 각각 나타났다. 하지만 최초 적은 양의 금 나노입자가 제조되었을 경우 은 도금 속도가 빨라져서, 초기 금 나노입자의 표면을 은이 완전히 덮었으며, 이는 UV-Vis 실험에서 금의 플라즈몬 밴드는 나타나지 않고, 은의 고유 플라즈몬 밴드만 420nm에서 나타났다. 블록공중합체로부터 미리 합성된 금나노입자 위에 은을 도금하는 방법은 국부적인 표면플라즈몬 특성을 면밀히 조사하는데 매우 유용하다.