• 전기의세계
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 1973

Amorphous semiconducting diodes from As Te Ge systm of which resitivity are 10$^{6}$ -10$^{8}$ .ohm.-cm order, are made and they exhibited several conducting states. A high conductivity, low conductivity and memory state are reported. Temperature dependency of the specimens are widerange. According to the procedure and cooling method, specimens are made easily or not. Threshold voltage of switching and memory diodes is in proportional to compositonal quantity of Arsenic. Threshold voltage is changed widely according to ambient temperature. Threshold voltage of #132 is 620V at 25.deg. C, 70V at 100.deg. C.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

For the simplification of doping process in amorphous carbon film, arsenic (As) ions were implanted on the nucleated silicon wafer before the growth process. Then amorphous carbon films were grown at the condition of $CH_4/H_2=5%$ by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition. Because the implanted seeds were grown at the high temperature and the implanted ions were spread, it was possible to reduce the process steps by leaving out the annealing process. When the implanted amorphous carbon films were electrically characterized in diode configuration, field emission current of $0.1mA/cm^2$ was obtained at the applied electric field of about $2.5V/{\mu}m$. The results show that the implanted As ions were sufficiently doped by the self-annealing process by using the growth after implantation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

The present study was carried out to assess exposure & risk for Korean by total and inorganic As intake through agricultural products. Total arsenic analysis was performed using microwave device and ICP-MS. 50% MeOH extraction and anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS method has been used to determine arsenic species. 329 samples covering 20 kinds of agricultural products were collected from various retail outlets and markets across Korea. The concentration of total As was in the range of 0.001~0.718 mg/kg, while inorganic and organic arsenic species in all samples was not determined. For risk assessment, probable daily intake was calculated and compared with provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI, 15 ${\mu}g$/kg b.w./week for inorganic arsenic) established by JECFA. The median daily exposure to total and inorganic As by intake of agricultural products except rice was ranged 0.0002~0.012, 0.0001~0.001 ${\mu}g$/kg b.w./day, corresponding to 0.01~0.5%, 0.002~0.1% of PTWI, respectively. The median level of total and inorganic As intake through rice was 0.603 and 0.041 ${\mu}g$/kg b.w./day, and 28.1% and 1.9% of PTWI, respectively. Therefore, the level of overall exposure to arsenic for Korean through agricultural products was below the recommended JECFA levels, indicating of least possibility of risk.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

Hematite has been known to be the most stable form of various iron (oxyhydr)oxides in the surface environments. In this study, its properties as an adsorbent were examined and also adsorption of arsenic onto hematite was characterized as well. The specific surface area of hematite synthesized in our laboratory appeared to be $31.8g\;m^2/g$ and its point of zero salt effect, (PZSE) determined by potentiometric titration was observed 8.5. These features of hematite may contribute to high capacity of arsenic adsorption. From several adsorption experiments undertaken at the identical solution concentrations over pH 2~12, the adsorption of As(III) (arsenite) was greater than that of As(V) (arsenate). As of pH-dependent adsorption patterns, in addition, arsenite adsorption gradually increased until pH 9.2 and then sharply decreased with pH, whereas adsorption of arsenate was greatest at pH 2.0 and steadily decreased with the increasing pH from 2 to 12. The characteristics of these pH-dependent adsorption patterns might be caused by combined effects of the variation in the chemical speciation of arsenic and the surface charge of hematite. The experimental results on adsorption kinetics show that adsorption of both arsenic species onto hematite approached equilibrium within 20 h. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model was evaluated to be the best fit for the adsorption kinetics of arsenic onto hematite, regardless of arsenic species, and the rate constant of As(V) adsorption was investigated to be larger than that of As(III).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2006

Arsenic doped p-type ZnO thin films have been realized on intrinsic (100) GaAs substrate by RF magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing treatment. p-Type ZnO exhibits the hole concentration of $9.684{\times}10^{19}cm^3$, resistivity of $2.54{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}cm$, and mobility of $25.37\;cm^2/Vs$. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of As doped p-type ZnO thin films reveal neutral acceptor bound exciton ($A^{0}X$) of 3.3437 eV and a transition between free electrons and acceptor levels (FA) of 3.2924 eV. Calculated acceptor binding energy ($E_A$) is about 0.1455 eV. Thermal activation and doping mechanism of this film have been suggested by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). p-Type formation mechanism of As doped ZnO thin film is more related to the complex model, namely, $As_{Zn}-2V_{Zn}$, in which the As substitutes on the Zn site, rather than simple model, Aso, in which the As substitutes on the O site. ZnO-based p-n junction was fabricated by the deposition of an undoped n-type ZnO layer on an As doped p-type ZnO layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2006

Removal efficiency of As(III) through oxidation and adsorption in column reactors was investigated at different ratios of manganese-coated sand(MCS) and iron-coated sand(ICS) : MCS-alone, ICS-alone and both of ICS and MCS. The breakthrough of arsenic immediately occurred from a column reactor with MCS-alone. However, most of the arsenic present in the effluent was identified as As(V) due to the oxidation of As(III) by MCS. While five-times delayed breakthrough of arsenic was observed from a column reactor with ICS-alone. At a complete breakthrough of arsenic, the removed As(III) was 36.1 mg with 1 kg ICS. To find an optimum ratio of ICS and MCS in the column packed with both ICS and MCS, the removal efficiency of As(III) was investigated at three different ratios of ICS/MCS with a fixed amount of ICS. The breakthrough time of arsenic was quite similar in the different ratios ICS/MCS. However, much slower breakthrough of arsenic was observed as the ratio of ICS/MCS decreased. As the ratio of ICS/MCS decreased the concentration of As(III) in the effluent decreased and then showed below 50 ppb at an equal amount of ICS and MCS, suggesting more efficient oxidation of As(III) by greater amount of MCS. When a complete breakthrough of arsenic occurred, the removed total arsenic with an equal amount of ICS and MCS was 68.5 mg with 1 kg of filter material.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

Arsenic (As) oxidation followed by precipitation from a high-As(III)-containing leaching solution derived from a sulfidic ore was investigated in this study to remove aqueous As from the solution using activated carbon (AC) with air injection as an oxidant. To obtain the initial leaching solution, a domestic sulfidic ore was leached in a sulfuric acid solution at pH 1 and 50℃ for 95 h, and approximately 7 g/L of Fe and 3 g/L of As were leached out. To determine the effect of the oxidative reaction utilizing AC with air injection, the leaching solution was tested under the following five oxidative conditions at an initial pH of 1 and 90℃ for 72 h: air-only injection; air injection with 1, 5, and 10 w/v% of AC addition; and H₂O₂ addition. The tests in the presence of both air and AC revealed that the oxidation kinetics and As removal were improved by the reaction between the metallic species and the surface group formed on the AC surface. In addition, the greater the amount of AC added, the better was the reaction efficiency, removing 93-94% of As with more than 5 w/v% of AC addition. Finally, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the precipitate formed from the oxidative reaction was scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.349-356
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• 2003

As industrial activities are growing, pollutants found in the contaminated land are getting diverse. Some contaminated areas are subject to mixed wastes containing both organic and inorganic wastes such as hydrocarbon and heavy metals. This study concerns with the influence of the degradation of organic pollutants on the coexisting heavy metals, expecially for As. As mainly exists as two different oxidation state; As(III) and As(V) and the conversion between the two chemical forms may be induced by organic degradation in the soil contaminated by mixed wastes. We operated microcosm in an anaerobic chamber for 60 days, using sandy loam. The soils in the microcosm are artificially contaminated both by tetradecane and As, with different combination of As(III) and As(V); As(III):As(V) 1:1, As(III) only and As(V) only. Although not systematic, ratio of As(III)/As(Total) increase slightly at the later stage of experiment. Considering complicated geochemical reactions involving oxidation/reduction of organic materials, Mn/Fe oxides and As, the findings in the study seem to indicate the degradation of the organics is connected with the As speciation. That is to say, the As(V) can be reduced to As(III) either by direct or indirect influence induced by the organic degradation. Although Fe and Mn are good oxidising agent for the oxidation of As(III) to As(V), organic degradation may have suppressed reductive dissolution of the Fe and Mn oxides, causing the organic pollutants to retard the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) until the organic degradation ceases. The possible influence of organic degradation on the As speciation implies that the As in mixed wastes may be have elevated toxicity and mobility by partial conversion from As(V) to As(III).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

This study provides an attempt to evaluate sanding wastes, generated from a chemical company as a reused adsorbent. Organic impurities in the raw sanding wastes were removed by calcination at $550^{\circ}C$. Aluminum was a major inorganic composition in the raw sanding wastes and increased from 29.09% to 52.73% after calcination. Dissolved concentrations of heavy metals from the calcined sample were below 0.3 mg/L in a stability test at pH 2. From the pH-edge adsorption experiments with the calcined sanding wastes, As (V) was found to follow an anionic-type adsorption. Adsorption isotherm obtained with variation of the dosage of the calcined sanding wastes was better described by Freundlich equation than Langmuir one. Freundlich constants of K and 1/n were 4.244 and 0.316, respectively. The As (V) adsorption capacity of calcined sanding wastes estimated from Langmuir isotherm was 13.25 mg/g. From this study, the calcined sample was identified as a good reusable adsorbent in the view point of stability and adsorption capacity on As (V).

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.480-489
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• 2016

In this study, the PVdF/MGO composite nanofiber membranes (PMGs) introducing Iron oxide-Graphene oxide ($Fe_3O_4/GO$, Metallic graphene oxide; MGO) was prepared via electrospinng method and its arsenic removal characteristics were investigated. The thermal treatment was carried out to improve the mechanical strength of nanofiber membranes and then the results showed that of outstanding improvement effect. However, in case of PMGs, the decreasing tendency of mechanical strength was indicated as increasing MGO contents. From the results of pore-size analysis, it was confirmed that the porous structured membranes with 0.3 to $0.45{\mu}m$ were prepared. For the water treatment application, the water flux measurement was carried out. In particular, PMG2.0 sample showed about 70% improved water flux results ($153kg/m^2h$) compared to that of pure PVdF nanofiber membrane ($91kg/m^2h$) under the 0.3 bar condition. In addition, the PMGs have indicated the high removal rates of both As(III) and As(V) (up to 81% and 68%, respectively). Based on the adsorption isotherm analysis, the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) ions were both more suitable for the Freundlich. From all of results, it was concluded that PVdF/MGO composite nanofiber membranes could be utilized as a water treatment membrane and for the Arsenic removal applications.