• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2012

A.c. impedances of mechanically polished CP-Ti specimens were measured at open-circuit potential (OCP) with immersion time and under applied anodic potentials between -0.2 and 1 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Capacitances of native oxide films ($C_{ox,na}$) grown naturally and capacitances of anodic oxide films ($C_{ox,an}$) formed under applied anodic potentials were obtained to examine the growth of native and anodic oxide films in 0.1 M NaOH solution and how to use $C_{ox,na}$ for the surface area measurement of Ti specimen. $1/C_{ox,na}$ and $1/C_{ox,an}$ appeared to be linearly proportional to OCP and applied potential ($E_{app}$), with proportional constants of 0.086 and 0.051 $uF^{-1}\;V^{-1}$, respectively. The $C_{ox,na}$ also appeared to be linearly proportional to geometric surface area of the mechanically polished CP-Ti fixture specimen, with proportional constants of 11.3 and $8.5{\mu}F\;cm^{-2}$ at -0.45 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ and -0.25 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ of OCPs, respectively, in 0.1 M NaOH solution. This linear relationship between $C_{ox,na}$ and surface area is suggested to be applicable for the measurement of real surface area of Ti specimen.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Numerous researchers have proposed that surface area is a more appropriate indicator than mass for evaluating pulmonary inflammatory responses caused by exposure to fine and ultrafine particles. In this study, measurements of surface area concentrations of aerosols were conducted in Yokohama, Japan, using the diffusion charging method. $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration and black carbon concentration in $PM_{2.5}$ were also measured. The 24-hour continuous measurement campaigns were conducted 39 times from March to November, 2014. The surface area concentration was more closely correlated with the black carbon concentration than with the $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration. It is considered that the abundance of black carbon particles significantly affects the surface area concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. The strength of the correlation between the surface area and black carbon concentrations varied considerably among the measurement campaigns. A relatively weaker afternoon correlation was observed compared with the other time zones (morning, evening, and night). We consider that these phenomena are due to the transportation/formation of the particles other than black carbon that affects surface area concentration and/or the variation of the surface condition of the black carbon particles.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.325-327
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• 2007

3차원 형상의 물체에 대한 표면 면적을 6축 센서를 사용하여 측정하였다. 3차원 형상의 표면적은 여러 개의 작은 삼각형으로 나타낼 수 있다. 이 여러 개의 삼각형의 합을 구함으로써 표면 면적을 구할 수 있고, 삼각형의 크기가 작으면 작을수록 실제 면적의 크기에 접근 하였다. 실험 결과 평균 7.78%의 오차율을 보였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Microclimate analysis was conducted through actual measurement according to land use status in urban, and CFD analysis was conducted to analyze and predict the microclimate characteristics of urban, and compared and analyzed with the actual measurement results. It was measured in high-rise areas and parks, and the temperature of the park area was 0.4 to 0.6℃ lower, and the relative humidity was 1.0 to 3.0% higher. The correlation coefficient was obtained by comparing the results of the computational fluid analysis with the results of the computational fluid analysis at the actual location located within the CFD analysis area for validation. The seasonal correlation coefficients are all higher than 0.8, so it is judged that they can be applied to microclimate analysis in urban area. The computational fluid analysis was divided into three areas (low-rise, low and high-rise, and high-rise) centered on the A2 point. On average, the low-rise area was 0.1 to 0.4% higher than the high-rise area. In the low and high-rise area and high-rise area, the pith of buildings are wide, so the airflow is smooth, so it is judged that the temperature is relatively low.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1986

The main purpose of this study was to clarify the validity with patient's general background of Korean Pain Measurement tool. The subjects of this study were 195 patient from the 8 Med-Surgical wards in H. University Hospital in Seoul. The study was conducted over a 40 day period from Oct. 5, 1985 to Nov. 15, 1985. All patients had pain. Korean Pain Measurement tool and simple discriptive pain scale as Graphic Rating Scale were used to measure the pain, The Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was exercised to measure the correlation between the two kinds of pain tools. To clarify the Sensitivity of Korean Pain tool was used frequency with patient's response. To compare the difference in Pain levels with patient's general background, ANOVA and t-test was employed. To compare the difference in pain levels existed due to pain area of the body used mean numbers. The outcome of the study was as follows : 1. A positive correlation did exist between two pain measurement tools. (r=.2028∼.7768, p ＜0.002) 2. The sensitive subclass in Korean Pain Measurement tools was 7 subclass. The 7 subclass are inflammatory repeated pain, simple stimulating, traction pressure, dull pain, cavity pain, digestion related pain, suffering. related pain. 3. The existence of levels of pain in accordance with patient's general background, the department of hospital, pain area of the body and school age was supported. Age, sex, religion, marrital status, economic status, acute or chronic status was not supported. 4. The existence of higher pain levels of the body area was anus, chest, and lower pain levels of the body area was eye, ear, nose and throat. Based on the above results, it was found that sensitive subclasses of the Korean Pain Measurement tool was 7 subclass among all of 20 subclass. Thus it can be concluded that Korean Pain Mea-surement tool when partialy used and supplemented, can be an effective tool of pain measurement for the patient in Korea.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.115-118
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• 2005

A workpiece with a large surface area is likely to be uneven due to form error and waviness. These geometric disturbances can cause inaccurate micro shapes to be formed when micro features are micro-grooved into the surface and cause the resulting workpiece to fail to function as desired. Thus, real-time measurement and compensation is required to guarantee the form accuracy of micro features while machining a workpiece with a large surface area. In this study, a method is suggested for real-time measurement of geometric error for the micro grooving of a large flat surface using a laser displacement sensor. The measurements are demonstrated for the workpieces with large surface areas and the experimental results show that the waviness and form error are well detected.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2011

An optical fiber-based beam width measurement technique is presented. The proposed system can be applied to the optical fiber industry in applications such as lensed fiber, optical fiber based laser beam source, and fiber optic sensor. The measurement system is composed of optical fiber, which is used as a transceiver, and a single grating panel which consists of a multi-reflection area with an even non-reflection area. The grating panel is used to vary the reflected light. When the widths of the reflection area and non-reflection area are larger than the optical beam width, the reflected light is varied at the interface between the reflection area and the non-reflection area by the movement of the grating panel. Experiments were conducted in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique. Multi-mode fiber combined with a collimator was selected as an emitter and a receiver, and the beam width measurement system was contrived. Subsequently, the proposed method and the system were verified by comparing the experimental results with the results of the conventional charge-coupled device technique.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-78
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• 1976

The purpose of this study is to establish the horizontal and vertical working area which is dependent on measuring value of workers, body in order to make easy and stable working environments, and then to design the size of machines, tools and instruments in production factory because of making the practical production conditions which is the most suitable to human characteristics. But there is necessity that we have to review numeric value of measurement periodically because the size of workers' body is variable according to periodic and social circumstances. The establishment of standard working area after measurement enable us to make the best working conditions and we can design standard working table, optimum size of all machines and tools in production activity. Therefore, we can also acknowledge the importance of studying on human engineering because human engineering is necessary to reduction of fatigue in working, saving workers from industrial accidents, fail-safe system, improvement of productivity with increase in efficiency and etc. Finally, this study informs us that numeric value of measurement is larger than that of Japan, but not than that of America and Germany. So we can establish standard working area which is the most suitable for Korean inherence after measurement of detailed parts for workers' body.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 깊이 카메라에 의해 촬영된 깊이 영상을 이용하여 객체의 부피를 측정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 깊이 정보를 활용하여 물체의 영역의 실제 거리 단위의 폭과 높이를 계산하여 물체의 부피를 측정한다. 배경 깊이 영상과 촬영된 깊이 영상에서 화소 값의 차이를 통해 영상을 이진화하여 물체 영역을 구한다. 이진화된 영상으로부터 검출된 물체 영역에 해당하는 화소의 3차원 좌표를 이용하여 실제 단위의 거리를 계산한다. 각 화소가 가지는 깊이 정보를 이용하여 인접한 4개의 화소로 이루어진 2×2화소 영역 사각형에 대한 부피를 계산한다. 모든 2×2화소 영역들에 대한 부피를 더하여 물체의 부피를 계산한다. 부피를 계산하였을 때 60cm의 측정거리에서 평균 2.1%의 오차가 측정된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 음파를 이용하여 덕트 내 길이 방향으로의 불균일 단면적을 역문제적으로 측정하는 방법에 대해서 연구하였다. 음파를 사사용하여 덕트 단면적을 구하는 이론 및 실험방법 등에 대해서 많은 연구가 되어왔으나, 본 연구에서는 덕트 내 충격응답을 구하고 이를 재구성 알고리즘에 대입하여 덕트 내 단면적을 구하는 방법을 채택하였다. 충격 가진을 통하여 덕트 내 충격응답을 구하는 기존 방법의 문제점을 살펴보았고, 광대역 가진 방법을 새로 제안하였다. 실험 및 이론적 고찰을 통하여 새로운 방법이 기존의 방법보다 면적 재구성 오차가 적음을 보였다. 덕트 단면적을 재구성 할 때의 오차 원인과 불규칙 잡음에 의한 오차범위를 파악하기 위하여 오차해석을 수행하여 음파를 이용한 면적 재구성 방법의 적용범위 및 대상을 명확히 하였다.