• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-209
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• 2013

This study seeks to use the law sociological system model, to define the internal and external environmental changes that influence decisions of teacher appeals, and to analyze time-series trends of teacher appeals. This study analyzed appeal cases for 21 years from 1991 to examine number of lawsuits and relief rates by year. As a result, overall, in the case of the 1990s, the relief rates changed irregularly. However, after 2000, overall relief rates declined. This result was discussed to come from the societal request for responsibility of teachers and schools. It was suggested that, to achieve the original objective of appeal system for teachers, there should be a change toward the legal stability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.71-95
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• 2017

This study aims (1) to identify whether real terms of imprisonment for sexual offenders against children are different between the first trial and appeal trial in 16 cases and (2) to assess which sentencing factors such as history of sexual crime of perpetrator, forgiveness of children, regretfulness of perpetrator, power of perpetrator, and relationship of perpetrator and victim influence sentencing period of imprisonment in the first and appeal trials, respectively. This study used cases which were prosecuted for sexual crimes against children since the protection act on the children and juveniles from sexual abuse was enacted in 2000. The target cases of the study include 8 first trials and 8 appeal cases which were appealed to the Supreme Court between 2000 and 2015. Result condition is the real term of imprisonment. Cause conditions include sentencing factors such as history of sexual crime, regretfulness, and power of perpetrator, forgiveness of child, and relationship between offender and victim. We employed Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for data analysis. We found that there are sentences in the first trial with lower terms than appeal trial regarding child sexual crimes. In addition, we found that (1) power of perpetrator and forgiveness of victim significantly influenced sentencing periods of imprisonment at levels of courts; (2) cause condition considered as comparatively more important in the first trial was regretfulness of perpetrator(but not in the appeal trial); and (3) relationship of perpetrator and child was not important in sentencing for sexual crime at both levels of trials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.515-520
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• 2003

In these days, the civil appeal and dispute about environmental noise grows larger every year. But there are not suitable systems for measurement and management of environmental noise. This paper proposes environmental noise measurement, characteristic analysis and evaluation, management system using Internet. We can measure and manage the environmental noise also, analyze characteristics of noise by the environmental noise management system using Internet.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.250-283
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• 2007

The Shinmoongo (Shinmoon-drum) system is known as the last means of petition, appeal, and, denunciation during the Chosun dynasty. The purpose of this study is first to examine the system's origin and changes of its function and operation. The study further looks at several issues around the striking gong system, an alternative appealing method, and its background and transition. Introduced by King Taejong, the Shinmoongo was a kind of the press (or communication) system which was intended to deliver various cases of personal appeal, social petition, national denunciation, etc. Since the 2nd year of King Sejong, the system had been changed into the legal system which mainly to settle personal mortifying problem. Originally, the system was institutionalized for the common people who were hard to appeal their mortifying affairs to the supervisory administration. This reporting system to a superior was utilized as an institutional device to remedy abuses from 'complaint to the King near his sedan chair' and 'direct complaint out of order' during the early disordered years of Chosun dynasty. The system was often abused for the devices of private interest by illustrious officials. Meanwhile, it carried out a role of checking power abuses of provincial governors and magistrates. There were many obstacles for the common people and lowly people to turn to the means. The drum was located at the palace of capitol, less accessible for most people at the time. The petition had to be processed through several steps in written forms. The punishment on a false drummer was heavy. It inhibited any appeal concerning the superior under the rigorous caste system. The Shinmoongo system is regarded as a legitimate press system. Also, it is taken as informal or semi-official press system such as 'document to send around', 'document for agitation', 'joint petition', 'striking gong to complain', 'complaint to the King near his sedan chair', 'scream to complain', etc. Connecting together, the tools resulted in the increase of regal power and decrease of divine authority.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-199
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• 2019

As international trades between Korea and China increase, the number of civil disputes also increases. The civil dispute settlement system and the court system in China are distinctive from those of Korea. China has its own court systems which are characterized by the Chinese Communist System. Due to the influence of the decentralized local autonomy tradition, the case laws of each Province in China are not unified throughout the China. This is partly because only two instances are provided in China, and the parties cannot appeal to the Supreme People's Court of China unless there is a special reason. In Korea, three instances are provided and parties can appeal to the Supreme Court if a party so chooses. In addition, there are many differences in the judicial environment of China compared to Korea. Therefore, if there is a dispute between a Korean party and a Chinese party, arbitration is recommended rather than court litigation. This article examines the points to be considered for interim measures in China during arbitration. Where the seat of arbitration is Korea, interim measures cannot be taken by the order of the Chinese court in the middle of or before arbitration procedures. On the other hand, it is possible to take interim measures through the Chinese court in the middle of or before the arbitration procedure in China or Hong Kong. It also reviews the points to be noted in case of the enforcement of arbitration awards in China where permission from the upper Court is required to revoke or to deny the recognition or enforcement of a foreign-related or foreign arbitration award.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.93-114
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• 2017

Under the FTA agreement, preferential tariffs between FTA members will result in tariff reductions. In order to ensure the stable use of the FTA tariff system, it is necessary for the customs authorities to determine whether the origin goods are clearly applicable. This study analyzed the procedure of appeal according to the origin verification system based on the decision made by Korea Customs Service and Tax Tribunal. From this, we examined whether the rate of re-claiming a case rejected in the 'Review System of the Legality Before Taxation' differs. In addition, we carried out a quantitative analysis using bootstrapping technique in order to overcome the scarcity cases of verification of origin among FTA members. The implications of this paper are summarized as follows: First, we tested the hypothesis that the re-claiming rate of Western countries is higher. Second, some issues represented higher re-claiming rate. Third, there was no significant difference between the verification group and the re-claiming rate. Finally, even if an applicant makes a claim again, there is a possibility of being rejected again.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.265-270
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• 2000

The carbody of the Korean Rubber Tired AGT is small size and light weight comparing to existing electric railcars. For this reasons, car shape and arrangement of major equipments are limited. AGT is newly adopted mass transportation system in Korea. Therfore, it should be desined to appeal to passengers and create new passenger demand. To achieve this goal, the design concept of carbody is to be new design to coincide with passengers emotions. In this regard, we tried to meet this trends through manufacturing of scaled models and being

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.469-478
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• 2015

With several problems being pointed out with the rapid growth of online advertising markets, false, exaggerated or sensational advertisements are increasing. Particularly, the sensational appeal of online advertising is placed in the blind spot of deliberation on advertisements with any social consensus on the deliberation on online advertisements not made yet. According to these reasons, regulation and maintenance of the deliberation system are required for online advertising. In this study, content analyses on visual and verbal sensationalism in 2,009 advertisements were carried out based on 32 national online news services. According to the analyses, obscene advertisements on online news services are more than serious. In this study, based on the analyses, need for deliberation and regulation on online advertising is raised and direction of the deliberation on desired advertising is explored. In the future, effective advertising deliberate models need to be constructed through gathering opinions of the various members of the online advertising industry, such as advertisers, advertising agencies, media representatives, and publishers, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to characterize body types of males in their twenties, and to provide information on body types of males by classifying them into groups. In addition, this study attempts to provide ways that can help improve the fit and coverage rate of ready-to-wear clothes by developing an apparel sizing system according to body types. 297 male subjects in their twenties participated in this study. 54 anthropometric and 35 photographic measurements were taken from each subject. After combining the body types of the front and the side into a whole body, we selected typical body types out of the combinations. It is shown that 84.64% of males in their twenties belong to the HI type, H/equation omitted/ type, X/equation omitted/ type, Xl type, Yl type, and HS type. To develop a new size system of clothes, the distribution of sizes was determined by using means and standard deviations for basic parts of each body type. Then, the most optimal sizes were selected separately for each body type to maximize the coverage rate.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.932-938
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• 2016

Recently, interactive media which maximizes audience engagement by making the audience appeal on a stage in digital media environment has been distributed more widely. In fact, there has been active movement to develop and promote a new participatory media genre with higher immersion by applying this kind of interactive media concept to advertisement, film, game and e-learning. In the conventional interactive media, digital media had to be enjoyed in particular environment where diverse sensors were installed or through a certain device to recognize a user's motion and voice. This study attempted to design and implement an image creation system which ensures interactions between a user and media in popular distribution-enabled web environment and through PC and smart devices to minimize the image producer-user constraints.