• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.522-527
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• 1995

To develop an antiviral agent for the rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a hammerhead type ribozyme, which has a potential target site on the genome segment 3, was designed. Oligonucleotides for the ribozyme and its substrate were synthesized, annealed, and cloned into a plasmid pBluescript II KS(+). Ribozyme and substrate RNAs were then synthesized by in vitro transcription with $T_3$ RNA polymerase, obtaining RNAs in expected size, 193 and 182 nucleotides, respectively. The substrate RNA was efficiently cleaved into two fragments when incubated with the ribozyme at $55^{\circ}C$, while the cleavage was not detected at $37^{\circ}C$. In addition, the segment 3 RNA of RBSDV was also cleaved into two fragments by the same ribozyme at $55^{\circ}C$. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the hammerhead ribozyme has an in vitro endonucleolytic activity and may be used as an antiviral agent in transgenic plants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.887-891
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• 2003

Novel trans-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. The key intermediate, 3, was synthesized via five steps from ethyl chrysanthemate and condensed with purine bases using the Mitsunobu reaction to give six cyclopropyl nucleosides. These synthesized nucleosides did not show any significant antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, EMCV, Cox B3, or VSV, at concentrations up to 100 $\mu M$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 1993

For screening of the antiviral agent from soil, about 520 strains of microorganisms were evaluated for their antiviral activity, About 6.9% of strains showed more than 95% antiviral activity against Herpes Simples Virus (HSV)-1. Two strains among 30 strains active against HSV-1 virus showed a quite strong activity against human immunodeficiency virus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 1990

1-Dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) is a new agent that enhances the percutaneous penetration of a number of different chemicals. BVDU and FEAU were evaluated for their potential efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections by in vitro studies through hairless mouse skin. This study demonstrates the value of penetration enhancing agent (Azone) and the need for a predictable evaluations in the development of topical antiviral agents.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.429-433
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• 1990

Transdermal patches and polymer membrane were prepared and evaluated for their ability to antiviral agent in vitro. The membrane perpared with styrene and HEMA by 0.5 and 10% of styrene composition. And the transdermal patches were fabricated with this membrane and silastic silicone sheeting. The antiviral agents used were ACV, BVDU and FEAU. The higher HEMA content membranes exhibited relatively high release rate of each drug. Permeation was enhanced by increasing of drug concentration. The parameters of each drug in diffusion experiment with styrene-HEMA membrane were investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2473-2478
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• 2010

Novel 1'-methyl-5'-norcarbocyclic adenosine phosphonic acid analogues were synthesized using an acyclic stereoselective route from commercially available 3,3-diethoxy-propan-1-ol 4. The synthesized nucleoside phosphonate 19 and phosphonic acid 21 were subjected to antiviral screening against various viruses.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Recently, companion animal culture has grown rapidly and mature, raising interest in preventing and treating animal diseases. In particular, viral infection was a serious threat to companion animal health because there was no proper antiviral drugs. Synthetic antiviral drugs have limitations such as low efficiency, toxicity, and occurrence of resistant viruses. Therefore, attempts to find new anti-viral drugs from natural sources have continued. This review focused on the natural products and active substances that exhibit antiviral activity against three viruses: canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) that cause fatal diseases in dogs and cats. Natural plant extracts, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids and saponins showed antiviral activity with various mechanisms and differences in activity depending on the structure. Especially, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) showed antiviral activity through a multi-mechanism that interferes with the attachment and penetration stages of the virus and inhibits the viral polymerase within the cell. Some natural plant extracts showed a virucidal activity and showed the potential effect as a preventative agent to prevent the viral infection. This review is expected to provide research trend on the development of antiviral natural products for companion animals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.559-563
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• 2000

Novel exomethylene cyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. The key intermediate 5 was synthesized in 4 steps, from Feists acid 1 and was condensed with purine derivatives by the $S_N2$ type reaction to give some cyclopropyl nucleosides. The synthesized nucleosides did not showed any significant antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV, HIV-1, HIV-2, and HBV up to 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2006

Novel 4'-hydroxymethyl branched thioapiosyl nucleosides were synthesized in this study. The introduction of hydroxymethyl group in the 4'-position was accomplished by a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Thioapiosyl sugar moiety was constructed by sequential ozonolysis, reduction and cyclization. The pyrimidine nucleosidic bases (uracil, 5-fluorouracil, 5-iodouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-bromouracil) were efficiently coupled by Vorbruggen glycosyl condensation procedure (per-silyated base and TMSOTf). The antiviral activities of the synthesised compounds were evaluated against the HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2 and EMCV 5-Iodouracil 18 showed weak antiviral activity against HSV-1 $(EC_{50}=30.7{\mu}M)$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

To search for less toxic antiherpetic agents, the inhibitory effects of twelve kinds of flavonoids including chrysin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, fisetin, gossypin, kaempferol, morin, naringenin, naringin, hesperetin and hesperidin on the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in Vero cells were examined by plaque reduction assay in vitro. Some flavonoids tested in this study showed potent antiherpetic activity, reducing intracellular replication of herpes simplex viruses when Vero cell monolayers were infected and subsequently cultured in medium containing flavonoids. Naringenin showed the most potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index (SI) of 19.1 and hesperetin showed the most potent antiviral activity against HSV-2 with SI of 9.8. These results suggest that some flavonoids may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of herpes simplex virus infections.