• ALGAE
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

Recently, interest in plant-derived food additives has developed natural antioxidants, in order to alternate syn-thetic antioxidants with several disadvantages. In the present study, different organic fractions from solvent parti-tions of 80% methanol extract from Jeju benthic diatoms, Achnanthes longipes, Navicula sp. and Amphora coffeaeformis was assessed for their potential antioxidant effects. Among the solvent fractions tested, n-hexane (80.4%) and 80% methanol extract (76.6%) from A. longipes, chloroform (63.2%) from Navicula sp. and n-hexane (67.4%) from A. cof-feaeformis were effective in DPPH free radical scavenging. Fractions of chloroform (53.4%) and n-hexane (53.1%) from A. longipes exhibited higher activities on $H_2O_2$ scavengin. Fraction of n-Hexane from A. longipes exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and NO. scavenging activity (56.5% and 75.6%, respectively). Aqueous residue from A. coffeaeformis (75.6%) showed the highest metal chelating effect. chloroform and ethyl acetate frac-tion of all the diatoms exhibited significant antioxidant activities in lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. In particu-lar, both chloroform and the ethyl ecetate fraction from A. longipes and A. coffeaeformis exhibited lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity significantly higher than that of $\alpha$- tocopherol. These data suggest that the Jeju benthic diatoms tested are rich in hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidative compounds with different antioxidative properties that can be applied in food industry.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2003

천연 보존제, 기능성 식품 및 화장품 그리고 의약품 신소재의 발굴을 위한 전단계로서 국내산 약용식물 160종 209점에 대한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 및 linoleic acid 과산화 저해 등의 항산화능을 평가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능에서는 $13.5{\mu}g/ml$의 $RC_{50}$을 보인 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$을 대조구로 하였을 때 쥐손이풀 지상부, 뱀무 지상부, 이질풀 지상부, 오동나무 잎이 각각 $19.3{\mu}g/ml,\;22.5{\mu}g/ml,\;23.9{\mu}g/ml,$ 및 $27.2{\mu}g/ml$로서 우수하였고, linoleic acid과산화 반응에 대해서는 고로쇠나무 잎 등 38점의 식물추출물이 90%이상의 강한 항산화력을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.635-642
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the physiological functionality of jerusalem artichokes and to define its antioxidant potential. The study also evaluated mook prepared with jerusalem artichokes powder as a new functional food for ameliorating Diabetes Mellitus. Regarding the chromaticity of mook prepared with jerusalem artichoke, lightness decreased as the amount of jerusalem artichoke increased (p < 0.05), while the redness and yellowness values increased significantly (p < 0.05). Regarding the mechanical properties, hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness decreased significantly as the amount of jerusalem artichoke increased (p < 0.05). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of JA30 were 7.36 mg TAE/g and 2.15 mg RE/g, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group(3.50 mg TAE/g and 0.76 mg RE/g, respectively). The DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities ($IC_{50}$) for JA30 were 4.40 and 5.70 mg/mL, respectively, indicating a higher radical scavenging ability than the control group (7.59 and 7.24 mg/mL, respectively). The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of JA30 and the control group was 18.91 and 24.01 mg/mL, respectively. Based on the above-described results, mook containing jerusalem artichoke powder is expected to ameliorate diabetes with antioxidant activity, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory effect, and sensory factor. Also, it is believed that this functional material has the potential to improve health.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2020

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an economically important aquatic ornamental herb with multiple uses, including food, tea, natural pigments, and/or healthcare product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and antioxidant potential of lotus sprouts grown in three media: sprouting machine (LSSG), soil (LSSC), and mud (LSMC). The longest sprout was obtained in LSMC (4.79 and 26.79 cm) followed by LSSC (1.95 and 5.4 cm), and LSSG (0.60 and 2.85 cm) at 5 and 10 days, respectively. Higher amounts of total free amino acids were found in cotyledons (33.96, 21.45, and 38.90 mg/g) than in hypocotyls (15.77, 7.90, and 15.29 mg/g ) for LSSG, LSSC, and LSMC, respectively. The ratios of total essential to total non-essential amino acids were higher in hypocotyls (0.36, 0.31, and 0.46) than in cotyledons (0.34, 0.25, and 0.40), respectively. Similarly, the total polyphenol content of the hypocotyl of LSMC (50.33 ㎍ GAE/g) was the highest and that of the husk of LSSG (24.08 ㎍ GAE/g) was the lowest. Overall, the antioxidant potential of hypocotyl was higher than that of husk and cotyledon. The results indicated that the lotus sprouts grown in mud could be a good source of nutritional and natural antioxidants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.809-815
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• 2003

Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals ($^-OH$) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human degenerative diseases, much attention has focused on the development of safe and effective antioxidants. Preliminary experiments have revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem of Prunus davidiana exerts inhibitory/scavenging activities on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, total ROS and peroxynitrites ($ONOO^-$). In the present study, the antioxidant activities of this MeOH extract and the organic solvent-soluble fractions, dichloromethane (CH$_2$Cl$_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH), and the water layer of P. davidiana stem were evaluated for the potential to inhibit $^-OH$ and total ROS generation in kidney homogenates using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA), and for the potential to scavenge authentic $ONOO^-$. We also evaluated the inhibitory activity of seven flavonoids isolated from P. davidiana stem, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, (+)-catechin, dihydrokaempferol, hesperetin 5-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, naringenin and its 7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, on the total ROS, $^-OH$ and $ONOO^-$ systems. For the further elucidation of the structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids on total ROS and 'OH generation, we measured the antioxidant activity of sixteen flavonoids available, including three active flavonoids isolated from P. davidiana, on the total ROS and 'OH systems. We found that the inhibitory activity on total ROS generation increases in strength with more numerous hydroxyl groups on their structures. Also, the presence of an ortho-hydroxyl group, whether on the Aring or S-ring, and a 3-hydroxyl group on the C-ring increased the inhibitory activity on both total ROS and $^-OH$ generation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

Pycnogenol (PYC) is believed to have potential as a therapeutic agent against free radical-mediated oxidative stress. It is important, therefore, to understand the interactions between PYC and cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Toward this end, we analyzed the survival rates on the gene expression responses of E. coli sod katG mutants to PYC after pre-treatment of PQ or H$_2$O$_2$-mediated stress under aerobic conditions. We identified SOD induced by PYC, but not HP1 in sod hate mutants. A striking result was the PYC induction of SOD with antioxidant property in single katG mutant cells, particularly MnSOD and CuZnSOD. These inductions were further increased with oxidative stress, while HP1 was not induced in these conditions. The effects of pycnogenol treatment on these cells depend in part on its concentration on the stress response. Protective effects of PYC exposure which affected gene expression in cells were consistent with cell survival rates. Our results demonstrate that pycnogenol may alter the stress response gene expression in a specific manner such as SOXRS because PYC induction of single mutant only worked under increased PQ stress. All together our data indicate that SOD activity is essential for the cellular defense against PQ-mediated oxidative stress, suggesting that PYC may not be effective as an antioxidant in only oxidative stress conditions. On the other hand, it was expected that PYC may play a role as a pro-oxidant and if it is available for use, it should be evaluated carefully.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2019

The thinning Green ball apple was extracted using water and ethanol and a phenolic concentration of thinning Green ball apple was $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed 94.69% and 92.24% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 100.30% and 99.16% 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple showed antioxidant protection factor of 1.76 antioxidant protection factor and 1.76 antioxidant protection factor, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts showed 101.46% and 99.64% anti-oxidative effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hence, the water and ethanol extracts of thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential anti-oxidant. The water and ethanol extracts showed 33.28% and 32.14% hyaluronidase inhibition, respectively, at phenolic concentration of $150{\mu}g/mL$. The water and ethanol extracts showed 47.33% and 40.92% elastase inhibition and 46.19% and 65.58% collagenase inhibition at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. About these experiments, thinning Green ball apple was found to exhibit anti-oxidation activity as well as hyaluronidase, elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities. Therefore, thinning Green ball apple can be considered a potential source for functional food.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2023

Background: Gintonin (GT), a Panax ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR) ligand, has positive effects in cultured or animal models for Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and so on. However, the potential therapeutic value of GT in treating epilepsy has not yet been reported. Methods: Effects of GT on epileptic seizure (seizure) in kainic acid [KA, 55mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)]-induced model of mice, excitotoxic (hippocampal) cell death in KA [0.2 ㎍, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)]-induced model of mice, and levels of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells were investigated. Results: An i.p. injection of KA into mice produced typical seizure. However, it was significantly alleviated by oral administration of GT in a dose-dependent manner. An i.c.v. injection of KA produced typical hippocampal cell death, whereas it was significantly ameliorated by administration of GT, which was related to reduced levels of neuroglial (microglia and astrocyte) activation and proinflammatory cytokines/enzymes expression as well as increased level of the Nrf2-antioxidant response via the upregulation of LPAR 1/3 in the hippocampus. However, these positive effects of GT were neutralized by an i.p. injection of Ki16425, an antagonist of LPA1-3. GT also reduced protein expression level of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, a representative proinflammatory enzyme, in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Treatment with conditioned medium clearly reduced cultured HT-22 cell death. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that GT may suppress KA-induced seizures and excitotoxic events in the hippocampus through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities by activating LPA signaling. Thus, GT has a therapeutic potential to treat epilepsy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidative activity of rhizome essential oil of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation was chemically profiled by GC/MS analysis. The antioxidative activity was determined and evaluated spectroscopically by the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. According to the results, the major essential oil components were camphene (18.03%), β-pinene (14.25%), a-pinene (12.38%), endo-borneol (10.23%), β-copaene (8.38%), and linalool (8.20%). K. parviflora rhizome oil possessed antioxidant potential, exhibiting DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities as high as 80.90 and 94.04%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The corresponding IC₅₀ values were 0.451±0.051 and 0.527±0.022 mg/mL, respectively (IC₅₀ values for ascorbic acid, as the standard, were 0.209±0.016 and 0.245±0.022 mg/mL, respectively). The mycelium of F. oxysporum was distorted and collapsed when treated with 0.5 mg/mL of the EO of K. parviflora rhizome for 3 days treatment, which may provide an important information for exploring the metabolism of the fungicide K. parviflora rhizome and its derived compounds against F. oxysporum. This study provides the chemical properties of the essential oil of K. parviflora rhizome grown in Vietnam and their potential antioxidant and antifungal activities.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.590-600
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• 2024

Angelica keiskei, a perennial herb from Apiaceae family, has been reported to improve diabetes, inhibit thrombosis, alleviate dyslipidemia, and prevent type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In this study, the protective effects of A. keiskei extract (AKE) against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated through cell viability analysis, antioxidant enzyme analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of Angelica keiskei with AKE significantly inhibited the expression of key adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α. AKE also showed a substantial reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating potential antioxidant capabilities. This study further explained that AKE interfered with the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by inhibiting phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB, thereby preventing nuclear translocation. Additionally, AKE selectively inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, revealing a specific action mechanism. These findings collectively suggest that AKE possesses multi-faceted protective properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions and early atherosclerosis.