• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

Aloe is a popular and effective agent used to cosmetic ingredient. It could replace artificial pigment on make-up base product and it is highly probable that might be useful as ingredients of multi-functional color cosmetic. In this study, we made a makeup base containing aloe extract and tested the effectiveness, safety and stability. Contents of polyphenol and flavonoid from the aloe extract were measured. To determine the antimicrobial effect from the aloe we used the paper disc diffusion method. We assessed the safety of make-up base containing aloe to cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by MTT assay. Polyphenol contents of aloe extract and flavonoid respectively were 48 mg/g and 10 mg/g, in the 10 % concentration aloe extract. In case of aloe make-up base, the clear zone against Stapylococcus epidermidis was 9~11 mm and Stapylococcus aureus was also 9~11 mm. Growth activity of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was over 80% in all concentration of make-up base containing aloe and general make base product. In conclusion aloe extract may be able to substitute the synthetic pigments and considered to be uses for ingredients multi-functional color cosmetic's ingredient.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.905-922
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• 2021

Novel bioactive metabolites have been developed through a bioconversion of dairy products or other foods using probiotics isolated from dairy products or other fermented foods. These probiotics-mediated bioconversion (PMB) metabolites show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, epithelial barrier, and anticancer activities. In addition, the effect of PMB metabolites in periodontitis is recently reported in several studies. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infections, and the tooth support tissue is destroyed. Common treatments for periodontitis include scaling and root planning with systemic antibiotics. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and disturbs the beneficial bacteria, including lactobacilli in the oral cavity. For this reason, PMB metabolites, such as fermented milk, have been suggested as substitutes for antibiotics to reduce periodontitis. This paper reviews the recent studies on the correlation between periodontitis and PMB metabolites and classifies the efficacy of major PMB metabolites for periodontitis. The review suggests that PMB is effective for periodontitis, and further studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of PMB metabolites on periodontitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33.1-33.11
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• 2024

Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2005

The concentration of total phenolic compounds of the water and ethanol extracts of Yerusalem sage were 9.4 mg/g and 11.1 mg/g respectively. The total antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extracts of Yerusalem sage were 96.8% and 91.4% in ABTS assay and 97.6% and 87.2% in DPPH assay, PF of the water and ethanolic extracts were 1.1 and 1.6, respectively. TBARS were $0.9{\times}10^{-3}\;{\mu}M$ and $0.3{\times}10^{-3}\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Antimicrobial effect against H. pylori of the ethanol extract was $9{\sim}15\;mm$ of clear zone diameter at $50\;{\mu}g/ml{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$ of phenolic compound. Phenolic profiles in Yerusalem sage chlorogenic aicd was the highest both in water and ethanol extracts in HPLC analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

Antifungal and antibacterial activities of wood vinegars were investigated in this study in order to apply for the natural fungicides and food preservatives. The antifungal activities of wood vinegars were measured as a hyphal growth inhibition rate using four plant pathogenic, four wood rot and one mushroom pathogenic fungi. Inhibition effect on the fungi growth was explicitly observed at the concentrations higher than 0.5% of unrefined wood vinegar and higher than 1.0% of refined wood vinegar, respectively, suggesting that unrefined wood vinegars showed the higher antifungal activities than that of refined wood vinegars. The highest inhibition effect on the fungi growth was shown in Libertella betulina which is a mushroom pathogenic fungus. In addition, the wood vinegars from Pinus densiflora showed the higher antifungal activities against the plant pathogenic and wood rot fungi than that from Quercus spp.. On the other hand, the antibacterial activities of wood vinegars were determined by a paper disc method using the three gram positive and five gram negative bacteria. The unrefined wood vinegars showed a prominent effect on the suppression of bacteria growth at the concentration of 10%, while the suppression of bacteria growth was not observed in the refined wood vinegars. These results also suggest that the unrefined wood vinegars showed the higher antibacterial activities than the refined wood vinegars. The antibacterial activities of wood vinegars against gram positive bacteria were higher than those of wood vinegars against gram negative bacteria. From these results, it can be inferred that the wood vinegars has the strong antimicrobial activities and can be applied as the natural fungicides and food preservatives.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2007

In order to identify probiotic microorganisms, 25 isolates of Lactobacillus sp. were selected from kimchi based on their growth rates, lactic acid production and salt tolerance. The isolate JK-01 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by the API kit and 16S rDNA analysis (99.9% of homology), and named as L. plantarum JK-01. The maximum number of L. plantarum JK-01 was reached at 18 hr fermentation in MRS broth and the pH gradually decreased to 4.5. L. plantarum JK-01 showed high enzyme activities for xylanase, amylase, protease, and phytase on MRS agar plates containing each substrate. L. plantarum JK-01 showed high resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, and grew well even at pH 2.0 and 1.0% bile salt. In particular, L. plantarum JK-01 showed high heat stability as shown by $3.3{\times}10^3$ CFU/mL at $60^{\circ}C$. The isolate showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against E. coli in MRS broth based on its disappearance after 18 hr and clear zone formation using a paper disk assay. These results suggest that L. plantarum JK-01 may be probiotic in nature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pinus densiflora ethanol extracts (PDEE) treated with trypsine as a protease. Methods: Various antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH electron-donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of test material. To compare the antibacterial activity, paper disc diffusion assay was performed against two resident bacteria in human skin (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Results: As for the total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, and the electron-donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, both PDEE and trypsin-treated Pinus densiflora ethanol extract (T-PDEE) showed high antioxidant activity in dose-dependent manner. And the T-PDEE showed slightly higher activity than PDEE, which indicated protease treatment seemed to affect in antioxidant activity. In the result of paper disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity was confirmed in all two types of skin resident bacteria. T-PDEE was more active than PDEE and it seems that treatment of protease may increase the antibacterial activity of PDEE. Conclusion: All of these results, we confirmed that treatment of protease to PDEE can increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it can be explained thought that this would be applicable as a cosmeceutical material in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Fresh-cut agricultural products provide convenience to consumers. However, quality changes or microbial growth can easily occur due to physical changes such as cutting and peeling etc. during processing. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop a functional packaging for extension of shelf life of fresh-cut agricultural products, food etc., and researches on prolongation of storage period have been actively developed. The shelf life is extended by antimicrobial, far infrared rays, air permeability, anti-fogging, weak current, ethylene gas adsorption or decomposition, gas composition changes such as MA (Modified Atmosphere) or CA (Controlled Atmosphere). The method of extending the shelf life by various complex factors. This paper based on the published literature to extend the shelf life of fresh-cut agricultural products, food etc., The paper has summarized the storage period extension packing method, packaging material for shelf life extension and comprehensive evaluation method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-535
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• 2020

Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 1972

Seven new hydroxyamine derivatives of 2,2'-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichloroacetoxy benzene) were synthesized by the Mannich reactions. 13 strains of microorganisms were tested for sensitivity to these derivatives by both paper disk method and tube dilution method. Of these compounds, -NHOH compound displays the most effective antimicrobial activity in vitro against Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Its minimal inhibitory concentration is $1.6{\mu}g/ml$ for Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, and $5{\mu}g/ml$ for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.