• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 1999

Background: In contrast to a healthy person, patients who have acute lower respiratory tract infection with underlying pulmonary diseases have various pathogens, a rapidly progressive downhill course, and a poor response to prior antimicrobial therapy. Broad spectrum antibacterial therapy is needed for full evaluation. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefpirome, we administered 1gm cefpirome, twice a day to 30 patients, who had signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory infection regardless of their underlying disease, except to those who had an allergic history to antibiotics or severe systemic diseases. Results: The results were as follows: 1) Among 30 cases, 21 cases(70.0%) showed excellent improvement, and 7 cases(23.3%) showed good improvement in their symptoms and signs of acute lower respiratory infection. 2) In 14 cases with isolated pathogens, we observed bacteriologic eradication in 11 cases(78. 6%). 3) Significant side effects were not found. Conclusion: Above results suggest that cefpirome was effective as a monotherapy in patients with acute lower respiratory infection, especially on those with an underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen, causes septicaemia when raw shellfish and fish are eaten by patients with hepatic diseases or reduced immunity. In this study, we evaluated inhibitory effects of some natural products on V. vulnificus growth using 96-well microplate assay. We found that Phyllanthus emblica L., Rosa chinensis Jacq., Rosa rugose Thub., and Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. significantly inhibited V. vulnificus growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Among these four extracts, the inhibition diameter of Chukrasia tabularis was 16.00 ± 0.58 mm in disc diffusion assay on V. vulnificus growth. In addition, these four natural products protected HeLa cells from V. vulnificus-induced cytotoxicity. A cocktail containing these four products showed an inhibitory effect on V. vulnificus growth in seawater and shellfish by reducing its growth by 75.7% and 97%, respectively. These results suggest that these four natural products are safe and effective natural antimicrobial candidates to prevent V. vulnificus infection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.110-116
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• 2019

To investigate the antagonistic inhibitory effects in a mixed culture between probiotics and various pathogenic microorganisms, 140 probiotics were identified using a 16 rRNA sequencing phylogenetic analysis method, and various probiotics strains were isolated from Korean kimchi from January to December 2016. The antagonistic inhibition test of a mixed culture of four probiotics (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri) with excellent antimicrobial activity and six pathogenic microorganisms (Candida albicans, Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)showed that the growth of most probiotics strains increased normally after culture, but growth was inhibited almost completely in most pathogenic microorganisms, except for S. Enteritidis. This antagonistic inhibitory effect in vitro was attributed to the low pH of the lactic acid and organic acid produced during fermentation. As a result, four probiotics strains isolated from Korean Kimchi are very likely to be developed as therapeutic agents for female yeast infections and colon and skin care. In the future, these therapeutic agents will help improve public health related to probiotics.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 2013

In a previous study, we investigated the antioxidative and cellular protective effects of Parthenocissus tricuspidata stem extracts. In this study, we prepared nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extract to improve skin permeation. The particle size of the nano-emulsion using the microfluidizer was 302 nm. Its loading efficiency was over 86%. The size distribution of the nano-emulsion took a monodispersed form and the nano-emulsion was more stable than typical emulsion without using microfluidizer during a 2 week period. In vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts was carried out using Franz diffusion cell. The 1,3-butylene glycol used as a control group had 32.59% skin permeation efficiency. The skin permeation efficiency of the nano-emulsion was 42.47%. Also, we observed the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on skin flora for prospective applications as a natural antimicrobial. The ethyl acetate fraction had antibacterial activities higher than methyl paraben on Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. These results indicate that nano-emulsion containing P. tricuspidata stem extracts could possess valued applications in cosmetic formulations for improving skin permeation. Also, based on the antibacterial activities on skin flora, antioxidative and cellular protective effects shown in our previous study, we suggest that P. tricuspidata stem extracts could be used as functional cosmetic materials.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant effects, total plate count (TPC), and residual nitrite content of emulsified sausage with added mugwort during cold storage. The sausages were of five types: nothing added (control), mugwort powder added (T1), mugwort juice added (T2), mugwort ethanol extract added (T3), and mugwort hot water extract added (T4). Each sausage type was tested in triplicate and assigned to one of five storage periods: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk. As storage time increased, the presence of mugwort resulted in decreased pH, residual nitrite content, and meat color (CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and TPC values. Values for pH, TBARS, residual nitrite, and TPC decreased significantly after adding mugwort compared with the control (p<0.05). Among all treatments, T3 was significantly (p<0.05) more effective in delaying lipid oxidation and microbial activity. The CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$ decreased significantly with the addition of mugwort relative to the control. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that adding an ethanol extract of mugwort (T3) to emulsified sausages tended to improve antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and residual nitrite content during storage compared to the other treatment groups.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-510
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of tannic acid (TA) in the diets for weanling pigs prepared with/without supplemental Fe on performance, hematology, fecal microflora and diarrhea incidence. Limestone and calcium phosphate used in Experiment 1 and 2 were of semi-synthetic and feed-grade quality, respectively; while the trace-mineral premix used in both the experiments was prepared without any added Fe source. In Experiment 1, 108 weaned pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, initially 6.46 ${\pm}$ 1.04 kg BW) were allotted to 3 treatments including control (diet added with $FeSO_4$ and antibiotic), T1 (diet devoid of $FeSO_4$ and antibiotic) and T2 (T1 diet added with 125 mg/kg TA). Each treatment had 4 replicates with 9 pigs in each pen. Feeding of T1 diet had a negative effect on the performance and plasma Fe status of pigs, while addition of TA to T1 diet resulted in performance of pigs comparable to pigs fed the control diet, reduced diarrhea incidence but had a negative influence on the hematological and plasma Fe indices. Additionally, pigs fed T2 diet had fewer (p<0.05) total anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium spp. and coliforms than pigs fed T1 diet, and greater number of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in feces when compared with pigs fed control and T1 diets. In Experiment 2, 144 weaned pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, initially 6.00 ${\pm}$ 1.07 kg BW) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments including control (diet added with $FeSO_4$ and antibiotic) and diets devoid of supplemental Fe added with antibiotic (An), TA and both (AnTA). Each treatment had 4 replicates with 9 pigs in each pen. Addition of An, TA or both to diets devoid of supplemental Fe did not have any effect on performance, blood hematology and plasma Fe but resulted in reduced (p<0.05) diarrhea incidence and lower (p<0.05) fecal coliform population than pigs fed the control diet. These results suggest that TA has a negative influence on blood hematology and plasma Fe status when diets are inadequate in Fe; however, TA reduced diarrhea incidence and might have antimicrobial activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.783-786
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• 2011

Various mushroom extracts were examined for their anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. Mushrooms were extracted with chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of the others. The inhibitory effects of the chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Lyopyllum ulmarium, which have high anti-microbial and GTase activities, on the growth of S. mutans were examined and the optimal ratio of solvents was also evaluated to investigate the influence of solvents using a simplex centroid design. The anti-cariogenic effects of the L. ulmarium extract on S. mutans was influenced by the solvent, and the optimum anti-cariogenic activity of the extract was obtained with the ratio of chloroform:methanol:ethyl acetate=1:1:1 (v/v/v). These results suggest that solvent selection is an important factor to extract anti-cariogenic materials effectively from mushrooms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.513-517
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• 2011

The effects of nonthermal plasma treatments against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes living on polystyrene (PS), sausage casings, and smoked salmon were investigated. Inoculated PS, casings, and salmon were treated with nonthermal plasma generated with helium (5 L/min) or with both helium (5 L/min) and oxygen (100 mL/min) at 60 Hz and 30 kV/cm for 2, 5, or 10 min. S. Typhimurium exhibited the highest sensitivity to the helium-used treatment. The greatest reduction (3.9${\pm}$0.8 log$CFU/cm^2$) was observed with L. monocytogenes on PS after the treatment with the mixed gas for 5 min. The treatment with the mixed gas inhibited L. monocytogenes on casings and salmon by 0.5${\pm}$0.3 log$CFU/cm^2$ and 1.0${\pm}$0.3 log CFU/g, respectively. Different treatment times did not result in different reductions of L. monocytogenes on both casings and salmon. The types of treatment gas and material of contamination need to be considered for evaluating the antimicrobial effects of nonthermal plasma treatments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2013

Nine kinds of flowers were selected by its antioxidative activities evaluated. DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil), reducing power, total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, and antimicrobial activity inhibitory effects of nine natural flower varieties were examined using ethanol extract (80%, v/v). DPPH radical scavenging of Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze ($IC_{50}=74.6{\mu}g/mL$) and solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica ($IC_{50}=99.6{\mu}g/mL$) showed higher antioxidant activity compared with those of the other varieties. Reducing power of Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze ($OD_{700}=1.0$) had higher antioxidant activity. Agastache rugosa (fisch.&Mey.) kuntze showed the highest content of total phenol (134.6 mg GAE/g). However, total flavonoid (554.6 mg QE/g) exhibited the lowest. These results suggest that nine kinds of flower with 80% ethanol extracts have significant antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1725-1732
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• 2015

The bactericidal effects of 642, 521, and 461 nm LED were investigated on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains in TSB with pH 7.2, 4.0, and 3.5 for 10 h at $15^{\circ}C$. The bactericidal effect of 461 nm blue LED was the most pronounced compared to 642 nm and 521 nm LEDs at pH 3.5. When E. coli was exposed to pH 3.5 with 461 nm LED, populations of E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 and 35150 decreased by 4 and 5 log CFU/mL for 2 h, respectively. Populations of E. coli ATCC 8739 decreased by 5 log CFU/mL for 2 h. Further, S. aureus ATCC 27664, 43300, and 19095 were inactivated by 4, 5 and 5 log CFU/mL for 2 h, respectively, at pH 3.5 with 461 nm LED. In conclusion, combined treatment with 461 nm LED and acidic conditions at low-temperature ($15^{\circ}C$) showed the greatest antimicrobial effects. This study suggests that LEDs may be potentially used as a method to maintain the safety of the food preservation technology.