• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of extract of Thuja orientalis leaves (TOFE) against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibition of inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods : We evaluated the effect of TOFE against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$) toxicity using nitric oxide (NO) assay, inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 western blot, tyrosine hydroxylase and microglia activation immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BV2 cell, primary rat mesencephalic neurons, or C57BL/6 mice. We also evaluated the effect of TOFE in mice PD model induced by MPTP. C57BL/6 mice were treated with TOFE 50 mg/kg for 5 days and were injected intraperitoneally with four administrations of MPTP on the last day. We conducted behavioral tests and IHC analysis to see how TOFE affect MPTP-induced neuronal loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (ST) of mice. To assess the anti-inflammation effects, we carried out glial fibrillary acidic protein and macrophage-1 antigen integrin alpha M in IHC in SNpc and ST of mice. Results : In an in vitro system, TOFE decreasesd NO generations in BV2 cells. TOFE protected dopaminergic cells against LPS or $MPP^+$-induced toxicity in primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In vivo system, TOFE at 50 mg/kg treated group showed improved motor deteriorations than the MPTP only treated group and TOFE significantly protected striatal dopaminergic damage from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Moreover, TOFE inhibited activation of astrocyte and microglia in SNpc and ST of the mice. Conclusions : We concluded that TOFE showed anti-parkinsonian effect by protection of dopaminergic neurons against MPTP toxicity through anti-inflammatory actions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects on the immune system of Bombyx mori L. and Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber mixture (BL) in Thymus, Lymph Nodes. Methods : Eight-week-old male Balb/c mice were divided into five groups : Group one included the normal mice (Nor). Positive control group two administrated with red ginseng (RG) 100 mg/kg. Group three administrated with Bombyx mori L. (BX) 300 mg/kg. Group four administrated with Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber (LP) 300 mg/kg. Group five administrated with the mixture of Bombyx mori L. and Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber (BL) 300 mg/kg. After 2 weeks administration, mice were sacrified and antigen receptor in Thymus, Lymph Nodes was analyzed by using Fluorescence Activated Cellorter Sorting (FACS). we counted the total of Thymus and Lymph Nodes cells. GOT (glutamlc oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamlc pyruvic transamlnase) in serum were analyzed after experiment. Results : In Effects of Nor, RG, BX, LP, BL on the ratio of CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+CD25+ T cell in Thymus and Lymphnode, BL is higher than other groups except Nor in CD4+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+CD25+ T cell. The number of Thymus and Lymph Nodes increased in BL. In the level of GOT and GPT, BL decreased comparing to others group except Nor. Conclusions : BL may have effect on T cells in Thymus, Lymph Nodes. In addition, Bombyx mori could be immune functional material with others herb materials.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2022

Objective: The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a threat to the poultry industry as well as the economy and remains a potential source of pandemic infection in humans. Antiviral genes are considered a potential factor for HPAIV resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated gene expression related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions by comparing resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines for avian influenza virus infection. Methods: Ri chickens of resistant (Mx/A; BF2/B21) and susceptible (Mx/G; BF2/B13) lines were selected by genotyping the Mx dynamin like GTPase (Mx) and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen BF2 genes. These chickens were then infected with influenza A virus subtype H5N1, and their lung tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Results: In total, 972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between resistant and susceptible Ri chickens, according to the gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. In particular, DEGs associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were most abundant. The expression levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18), chemokines (C-C Motif chemokine ligand 4 [CCL4] and CCL17), interferons (IFN-γ), and IFN-stimulated genes (Mx1, CCL19, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like, and protein kinase R) were higher in H5N1-resistant chickens than in H5N1-susceptible chickens. Conclusion: Resistant chickens show stronger immune responses and antiviral activity (cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes) than those of susceptible chickens against HPAIV infection.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2023

In this study, we evaluated the targeting of prostate cancer (PCa) using [¹⁸F]Florastamin in non-clinical study, for the purpose of therapeutic monitoring of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep, a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for PCa, [¹⁸F]Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was co-administered to a single-individual prostate tumor bearing mouse model, mimicking clinical condition. Considering the difference in half-life of the two isotopes (¹⁸F or ¹⁷⁷Lu), image scan of whole-body autoradiography was performed at 24 or 48 h after preparation of frozen section, respectively. Then, it was confirmed whether they showed the same targeting efficiency for the area of tumor. A tumor xenograft model was prepared using PSMA-overexpressing PC3-PIP prostate cancer cells. [¹⁸F]Florastamin [111 MBq (3 mCi) in 100 µL]/¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep [3.7 MBq (100 µCi) in 100 µL] was co-administered through the tail vein, and 2 hours after administration, the mice were frozen, and after freezing for 24 hours, whole-body cryosection was performed at 24 h after freezing. Image scanning using cryosection was performed after 24 or 48 hours after freezing, respectively. In the scan image after 24 hours, tumor uptake of [¹⁸F] Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep were simultaneously observed specific uptake in the tumor. In the scan image after 48 hours in the same section, signal of ¹⁸F was lost by decay of radioisotope, and specific uptake image for [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was observed in the tumor. Uptake of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was specific to the same tumor region where [¹⁸F]Florastamin/[¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep was uptake. These results suggested that [¹⁸F]Florastamin showed the same tumor uptake efficiency to PCa as [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep, and effective therapeutic monitoring is expected to be enable using [¹⁸F]Florastamin during [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep therapy for PCa.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.132-142
• /
• 2023

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed in the diagnostic immunology laboratory of the Seoul National University Hospital. Among 611 HLA-DR tests, specific bead reactions suspected of being false positive and false negative in Lot 20 reagents were found. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors causing cut-off corrections by examining cases where cut-off corrections were not made for 533 test results and cases where cut-off corrections were made for 78 cases after the cut-off corrections of specific beads. Frequency analysis was conducted to verify the demographic characteristics, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the humidity in the laboratory as a variable. Cross-tabulation was done to examine the association between cut-off corrections and demographic characteristics. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to verify the difference in humidity based on cut-off corrections. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between humidity levels and the rate of cut-off corrections, and results showed as the humidity level in the laboratory highs, the number of cut-off corrections decreased by a factor of 0.986. This suggests cut-off corrections rate increases when the humidity lowers. Therefore, it indicates that humidity in the laboratory is also a factor that affects HLA typing results.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2023

Purpose The concentration of PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients is a predictor of biochemical recurrence, and the AUA (American Urological Association) is defined as biochemical recurrence when the concentration of PSA is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more, and when the concentration is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more at the retest. This standard is also applied our hospital. In this laboratory, the PSA reagent using IRMA (Immunoradiometric Assay) is used, and the sensitivity at a very low value was not as good as the reagent used in the department of laboratory medicine. This study aims to increase the reliability of the results by improving the precision and sensitivity of very low values. Materials and Methods As a reagent for the study, PSA reagent using IRMA was used. As a method to improve the precision and sensitivity of very low values, a variation method on the serum volume(25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL) was studied, and variation usefulness evaluation was conducted. The evaluation items were compared the results of precision, analytical sensitivity, recovery rate, dilution test, high-dose hook effect test, parallel test and very low concentration values(n = 20). Results The validation results were displayed in the order of 25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL. As the serum volume increased, it was confirmed that CV (Coefficient of Variation)(%) improved. Analytical sensitivity(ng/mL) was 0.038, 0.041, 0.017, 0.015 and recovery rate(%) was 101±3, 101±3, 99±2, 97±4. very low concentration values(ng/mL) between each volume(n=20) were 0.135±0.068, 0.076±0.050, 0.048±0.034, 0.046±0.034. and high dose hook effect appeared as the serum volume increased. Conclusion Through the variation usefulness evaluation, it was confirmed that as the serum volume increased, the precision and sensitivity improved at very low concentration values. However, it is necessary to pay special attention to the occurrence of high-dose hook effect as the serum volume increases. In the case of tests that requires very low concentration values, it is thought that the reliability of the result will be increased if the variation method is properly used after the variation usefulness evaluation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.2.1-2.18
• /
• 2022

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions: These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.64-66
• /
• 2011

Anti-Sd^a is of no clinical significance, because it rarely causes hemolytic transfusion reactions. Even when its presence is suspected during antibody screening test, further identification of the antibody is usually not performed. We experienced a case of anti-Sd^a in 73 yr-old male patient showing mixed field agglutination by microcolumn agglutination. Antibody specificity could not be identified by conventional antibody identification test, and it was proven to be anti-Sd^a by urine neutralization test. In spite of its little clinical significance, it may give incompatible crossmatching results reacting with Sd^a antigen, which occurs at a high frequency in general population. When incompatible crossmatch results arising from anti-Sd^a are suspected, the problem may be solved by using the urine-neutralized serum of in crossmatching test.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.559-567
• /
• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before confirmatory prostate biopsy in patients under active surveillance (AS). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 170 patients with Gleason grade 6 prostate cancer initially enrolled in an AS program between 2011 and 2019. Prostate mpMRI was performed using a 1.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging system with a 16-channel phased-array body coil. The protocol included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. Uroradiology reports generated by a specialist were based on prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) version 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on regression models. Results: The reclassification rate at confirmatory biopsy was higher in patients with suspicious lesions on mpMRI (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) (n = 47) than in patients with non-suspicious mpMRIs (n = 61) and who did not undergo mpMRIs (n = 62) (66%, 26.2%, and 24.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) was associated (adjusted odds ratio: 4.72) with the risk of reclassification at confirmatory biopsy after adjusting for the main variables (age, prostate-specific antigen density, number of positive cores, number of previous biopsies, and clinical stage). Presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.62) was also associated with the risk of progression to active treatment during the follow-up. Conclusion: Inclusion of mpMRI before the confirmatory biopsy is useful to stratify the risk of reclassification during the biopsy as well as to evaluate the risk of progression to active treatment during follow-up.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.35.1-35.16
• /
• 2023

Defining the molecular dynamics associated with T cell differentiation enhances our understanding of T cell biology and opens up new possibilities for clinical implications. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CD5 expression in CD8⁺ T cell differentiation and explored its potential clinical uses. Using PBMCs from 29 healthy donors, we observed a stepwise decrease in CD5 expression as CD8⁺ T cells progressed through the differentiation stages. Interestingly, we found that CD5 expression was initially upregulated in response to T cell receptor stimulation, but diminished as the cells underwent proliferation, potentially explaining the differentiation-associated CD5 downregulation. Based on the proliferation-dependent downregulation of CD5, we hypothesized that relative CD5 expression could serve as a marker to distinguish the heterogeneous CD8⁺ T cell population based on their proliferation history. In support of this, we demonstrated that effector memory CD8⁺ T cells with higher CD5 expression exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics resembling less differentiated cells compared to those with lower CD5 expression. Furthermore, in the retrospective analysis of PBMCs from 30 non-small cell lung cancer patients, we found that patients with higher CD5 expression in effector memory T cells displayed CD8⁺ T cells with a phenotype closer to the less differentiated cells, leading to favorable clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. These findings highlight the dynamics of CD5 expression as an indicator of CD8⁺ T cell differentiation status, and have implications for the development of predictive biomarker for ICI therapy.