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http://dx.doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2014.29.3.27.

Thuja orientalis leaves extract protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via inhibiting inflammatory action  

Park, Gunhyuk (Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school, Kyung Hee University)
Kim, Hyo Geun (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University)
Ju, Mi Sun (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University)
Kim, Ae-Jung (The Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyunggi University)
Oh, Myung Sook (Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school, Kyung Hee University)
Publication Information
The Korea Journal of Herbology / v.29, no.3, 2014 , pp. 27-33 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of extract of Thuja orientalis leaves (TOFE) against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibition of inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods : We evaluated the effect of TOFE against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$) toxicity using nitric oxide (NO) assay, inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 western blot, tyrosine hydroxylase and microglia activation immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BV2 cell, primary rat mesencephalic neurons, or C57BL/6 mice. We also evaluated the effect of TOFE in mice PD model induced by MPTP. C57BL/6 mice were treated with TOFE 50 mg/kg for 5 days and were injected intraperitoneally with four administrations of MPTP on the last day. We conducted behavioral tests and IHC analysis to see how TOFE affect MPTP-induced neuronal loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (ST) of mice. To assess the anti-inflammation effects, we carried out glial fibrillary acidic protein and macrophage-1 antigen integrin alpha M in IHC in SNpc and ST of mice. Results : In an in vitro system, TOFE decreasesd NO generations in BV2 cells. TOFE protected dopaminergic cells against LPS or $MPP^+$-induced toxicity in primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In vivo system, TOFE at 50 mg/kg treated group showed improved motor deteriorations than the MPTP only treated group and TOFE significantly protected striatal dopaminergic damage from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Moreover, TOFE inhibited activation of astrocyte and microglia in SNpc and ST of the mice. Conclusions : We concluded that TOFE showed anti-parkinsonian effect by protection of dopaminergic neurons against MPTP toxicity through anti-inflammatory actions.
Keywords
Thuja orientalis leaves; MPTP; Parkinson's disease; neuroinflammation;
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