• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2008

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has been widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in oriental medicine. In the current study, we investigated the protective effect, and the possible mechanism, of dandelion extracts against ethanol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Dandelion water and ethanol extract was administered at 2 g/kg body weight (BW) once daily for 7 consecutive days, whereas control and ethanol groups received water by gavage. Ethanol (50% ethanol; 6 g/kg BW) was administered 12 hr before sacrificing the mice in order to generate liver injury. Significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels were attenuated by dandelion supplementation. In addition, dandelion extracts not only enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and anti-oxidative enzyme activities, but reduced lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1), one of the critical enzymes xenobiotic metabolism, expression was lower with ethanol treatment but restored by dandelion supplementation. These results were confirmed by improved histopathological changes in fatty liver and hepatic lesions induced by ethanol. In conclusion, dandelion could protect liver against ethanol administration by attenuating of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a widespread disease that has strongly related to unhealthy diet and low physical activity, which initiate more serious conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of morin, as one of the flavonoids constituents, which widely exists in many herbs and fruits, against some metabolic and hepatic manifestations observed in MBS rats and the feasible related mechanisms. MBS was induced in rats by high fructose diet feeding for 12 weeks. Morin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to both normal and MBS rats for 4 weeks. Liver tissues were used for determination of liver index, hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as both inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The fat/muscle ratio, metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. Our data confirmed that the administration of morin in fructose diet rats significantly reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure. The altered levels of metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers were also reversed approximately to the normal values. In addition, morin treatment decreased liver index, serum liver enzyme activities, and fat/muscle ratio. Furthermore, morin relatively up-regulated GLUT2 expression, however, down-regulated NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β expressions in the hepatic tissues. Here, we revealed that morin has an exquisite effect against metabolic disorders in the experimental model through, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 한약재로 사용되고 있는 산초 과피 추출물의 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 산초 추출물 및 분획물이 보유한 항산화, 미백 및 항염증 활성을 in vitro assay system 및 cell culture model system을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 산초 MeOH, EtOH, 열수 추출물 모두 강한 DPPH radical 소거 활성 및 tyrosinase 효소 활성 저해를 통한 DOPA 산화 억제능을 보였다. B16F10 mouse melanoma cell을 이용하여 ${\alpha}$-MSH에 의해 유도된 세포 내 melanin 생성에 미치는 산초 추출물의 영향을 알아본 결과 농도의존적인 melanin 생성 억제능을 보였고 세포의 tyrosinase 활성 저해능 또한 이와 일치하는 결과를 보여 산초 추출물에 의한 melanin 생성 억제능이 tyrosinase 효소 활성 억제 및 melanogenesis 관련 단백질 발현 저해에서 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell을 이용하여 산초 추출물의 항염증 활성을 분석한 결과 농도의존적인 NO 생성 저해능을 보였으며 이는 NO 생성 단백질인 iNOS의 발현 저해에서 기인함을 단백질 발현 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 산초 추출물에 존재하는 활성물질을 규명하기 위해 용매 분획을 실시한 후 각 분획물의 미백 및 항염증 활성을 비교 분석한 결과 물 층을 제외한 모든 용매 분획이 활성을 보유함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 산초 추출물이 높은 항산화능과 미백활성, 그리고 항염증 활성을 보유함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 미백활성을 비롯한 생리활성 보유 천연물 소재 탐구의 기초자료로 유용하게 쓰일 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 동아시아식생활학회 2004년도 참깨과학 국제학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.13-30
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• 2004

There are two groups of significant functional constituents in sesame seeds on the whole; one is the vegetable oils and another is the anti-oxidative compounds. However, although high amounts of major fatty acids are synthesized in sesame seeds, their composition is unfavorable because the contents of alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid, the essential fatty acids, are very low or do not produced in sesame seeds. So, to increase these fatty acids in sesame seeds, one strategy is to overexpress their genes, ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid desaturase for alpha-linolenic acid and delta-6 fatty acid desaturase for gamma-linolenid acid, in them. Another molecular target is to enhance alpha-tocopherol, vitamin E, because its content is very low in sesame seeds. The enzyme, gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of gamma-tocophero to alpha-tocopherol. Overexpression of this enzyme in sesame seeds could be also a good molecular breeding target. Reduction of phytic acid is also another molecular target in sesame seeds because phosphorus pollution may be caused by its high content in sesame seeds. Accordingly, to do so, one of target enzymes could be myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase which is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of phytic aicd biosyntheses. In this lecture, a molecular strategy for development of value-added sesame crop is described in association with some results of our experiments involved in the molecular characterizations of the genes mentioned above.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2006

Kahweol and cafestol significantly reduced t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries in cultured rat hepatocytes, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, kahweol and cafestol provided good protection from the t-BHPinduced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. The in vivo study showed that pretreatment with kahweol and cafestol prior to the administration of t-BHP significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and reduced oxidative stress, such as GSH content and lipid peroxidation, in the liver in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological evaluation of the livers also revealed that kahweol and cafestol reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by t-BHP. Taken together, these results support the anti-oxidative role of kahweol and cafestol and demonstrate that kahweol and cafestol can protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 Euptelea pleiosperma 에탄올 추출물(EPEE)의 항산화능과 항염증 생리활성을 in vitro assay system 및 cell culture model system을 이용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 EPEE의 항산화능을 DPPH radical scavenging activity로 분석한 결과 radical 소거능의 정도가 양성 대조군으로 사용한 ascorbic acid 보다 높은 활성을 보여 매우 강한 항산화능을 보유함을 확인하였다. 또한 RAW 264.7 세포주를 이용한 $H_2O_2$ 및 LPS의 유도에 의해 생성된 ROS에 대한 소거능을 분석한 결과에서도 농도의존적인 강한 소거능을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 대표적인 항산화효소 중 하나로 천연물에 의한 항산화능 활성에 의해 주로 발현이 유도되는 hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) 및 그 전사 인자인 nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)의 단백질 발현이 EPEE의 처리에 의해 유의적으로 증가됨을 보였으며 이러한 HO-1 및 Nrf2의 발현 변화는 상위신호전달계인 MAPKs 및 PI3K/Akt 에 의해 조절될 가능성을 보였다. 한편 EPEE가 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 농도의존적인 NO 생성 저해능을 보였으며 이는 NO 생성 단백질인 iNOS의 발현 저해에서 기인함을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 EPEE의 NO 생성 억제 효과는 염증 상위신호전달계인 NF-${\kappa}B$ 및 AP-1의 조절을 통해 일어날 가능성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 EPEE의 높은 항산화능과 항염증 활성을 처음으로 확인하였으며 향후 기능성 소재로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase(XOase). The total phenol contents and sixteen phenolic compounds were investigated in water and ethanol extracts. In order to understand the factors responsible for the potent antioxidant and antihypertensive ability of mulberry, it has been evaluated for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The total phenol contents and total of phenolic compounds in ethanol extract showed higher levels than water extract in mulberry fruit six phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, narigin, syringic acid, quercetin, naringenin, kampferol) has a higher individual phenolic compound content in the 60% ethanol extraction than 80% ethanol extract. The inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were highest in 80% ethanol extract (9.0%). Also, activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) inhibition appeared highest in 80% ethanol extracts and correlated well with the total phenolic content, which was modulated by the concentration of individual phenolic compounds. This result revealed, that strong biological activity was caused by specific phenol compound contents. Utilization of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit are expected to be good candidate for development into source of free radical scavengers and anti-hypertentive activity

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2016

Objectives : Allergic diseases have a various symptoms of hyperresponsiveness and recently hyperresponsive reaction in the chronic phase is reported as the important mechanisms. Cheonggisan(CGS) is used in oriental clinics for curing various skin diseases due to effect of controlling of pruritus. There have been studies on the anti-allergic effect and anti-inflammatory effect of CGS, but there had no study of anti-allergic effects in allergic late inflammation of CGS, so we aimed to find out the effects of CGS in allergic late inflammation in our study.Methods : To investigate the anti-allergy effect and anti-inflammatory effect of CGS, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and CSG water-extracts were used. Cytotoxic effect of CSG was examined by MTT assay, an oxidative product of NO was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reagent assay. The level of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. Cytokine(PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) was measured by Bio-Plex suspension assay system and quantitative multiplexed cytokine/chemokine assay.Results : We investigated that there was no cytotoxic effect of CGS water-extract at any levels of concentration on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by MTT assay. CGS water-extracts significantly suppressed the levels of the inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2, cytokine of IL-1β, TNF-α at the level of 400 ㎍/㎖ CGS concentration. But there was no significant effect on IL-6 production suppression.Conclusions : These results suggest that CSG water-extract has and anti-inflammatory effects in allergic reaction. These properties may contribute to the allergic diseases and inflammatory related disease care.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2004

본 실험에서 메탄올을 추출 용매로 한 인삼, 쑥, 그리고 솔잎 추출물을 수동분무기를 이용하여 호흡을 통해 직접 실험동물에게 투여하였을 경우 그 효과가 폐의 구조를 유지하는 데 도움을 줄뿐만 아니라 항산화 효소에도 길항적인 효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 추출물을 흡입시킴으로서 세포막의 지질과산화를 억제하여 세포의 구조와 기능을 유지함으로써 흡연으로 인한 세포의 파괴 및 불규칙적인 구조 이상을 줄일 뿐만 아니라 추출물에 포함되어 있는 인삼의 saponin, 쑥의 sesquiterpene과 cineol, 솔잎의 rutin 등의 항산화제의 작용에 의해 흡연으로 생긴 유해 라디칼의 분해를 촉진시키거나 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시킴으로써 폐의 정상적인 기능에 도움을 주는 것으로 생각된다. 특히, 지금까지 연구되어진 in vitro나 in vivo에서의 경구투여나 주사를 통한 방법이 아니라 호흡을 통해 직접 폐에 투입함으로써 그 결과가 빠르게 나타날 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis is widely known to regulate fatigue recovery, lowering blood pressure, and contains several bioactive compounds such as schizadran. In this study, we obtained basic data for the development of health food by measuring the schizandrin content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and enzyme activity of the hot water extract (SCW) and 40% ethanol extract (SCE) of S. chinensis grown in Sunchang-gun, Korea. Schizandrin content was measured as 7.87 ± 0.01 mg/g for SCW and 10.38 ± 0.05 mg/g for SCE. SCE had higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than SCW, and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher. Both SCW and SCE (500 ㎍/mL) exhibited more than 55% protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed using RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells and both SCW and SCE do not have cytotoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory results showed concentration-dependent NO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) inhibition. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing dose concentrations of SCW and SCE, and the MIC was 25 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and 75 mg/mL for H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in both SCW and SCE.