• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

Stress activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and subsequently increases the systemic levels of glucocorticoids. It also inhibits the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) has been proven as an anti-stress agent. However, most of the anti-stress effects of ginseng on stresses such as immobilization, electronic foot shock, and cold swim, which subsequently cause oxidative damage in brain, were obtained by using ginseng extract or ginseng total saponin. Moreover, anti-stress and anti-oxidative effects of ginseng were demonstrated by determination of enzyme or hormone levels but not mRNA as well as transcriptome. Further studies on transcriptome, proteomics, and systems biology as well as signal transduction would be required to elucidate molecular action mechanisms of ginseng on stresses.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Kainic acid (KA) is a excitatory agonist causing epileptic seizure and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Gastrodia Elata (GE) is known to have anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant effects. This study was investigated a possible role of GE in suppressing epileptic seizure using KA-induced epilepsy mouse model. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were administrated GE (50 or 500 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days, and then injected KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Behavioral changes in mice by KA were evaluated for 90 minutes immediately after the KA administration. Six hours after the KA administration, their brains were harvested and the expressions of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD-67) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the hippocampus of the mice were measured by immunohistochemistry.GE delayed the onset of epileptic seizure after KA administration, suppressed the severity of the seizure and decreased the number of severe seizures dose dependently. Moreover, GAD-67 and KCC2 expressions in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 of 500 mg/kg GE administrated mice were significantly increased compared to those in KA-treated mice.GAD-67 and KCC2 play an important role in regulating GABAergic system. Our results suggest that GE has anti-convulsant effect against KA-induced epileptic seizure through enhancing GABAergic system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.251-254
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• 1999

Astaxanthin is one of many carotenoids present in marine animals, vegetables and fruits. Since carotenoids are known to exert antioxidant actions, we explored to determine if astaxnathin could have such regulatory actions in normal-and $CCl_4$-treated rat liver. Astaxanthin treatment caused a slight increase in $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in the control rat liver. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly increased by astaxanthin in a dose-dependent manner and its activity decreased in response to $CCl_4$treatment was slightly inhibited by astaxanthin. These results suggest that astaxanthin could protect liver damages induced by $CCl_4$via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and it may have a potential to activate the anti-oxidant system of normal liver by stimulating $\alpha$-tocopherol production.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 1998

35 theses conducted in Korea on the topic of senescence or anti-oxidant were classified on the basis of research methods, animals used for the experiments, and research items. Evaluating these research works with respect to the Free Radical Theory, the following conclusions were reached. 1. Of the 17 theses written in the Oriental medicine aspect, three theses used a single herb, nine theses used a complex prescription, four theses concentrated on the usage of the medicinal acupuncture, and one research paper focused on using scientific components. Common objection of these papers were on the verification of the efficacy of herbs. 2. Of the 18 these written in the Western medicine aspect, five theses used a single drug, seven theses conducted a research on the changes due to senescence, and 6 papers were on variety of topics. The main focus of these works were on the mechanism and pathology related to the senescence rather than on the suppression of senescence. 3. Among the theses written in the Oriental medicine perspective, a total of 48 herbs were utilized. 26 of these herbs has a tonification function on the Kidney. Six out of nine complex prescription mentioned above has a function of tonifying the Kidney. 4. With respect to the research subjects used on the experiments, 8 theses have used Senescence-Accelerated mice, 13 theses have used Sprague-Dawley mice, and remaining 7 papers have used human or other animals. 5. These are the categorization of the research items used: the weight (11) and weight changes of the visceral organs (9), the measurement of the content of peroxide-disease (9), the measurement of enzyme vitality (21), the blood and urine test (10), the experiment concerning immune system (3), the influence on the hepatic capability of metabolizing foreign substance (3), the effect on hepatic cell protection (3), the measurement of both the suppression of Free Radical and ability to create Free Radical (2), the measurement of effect of suppresing MDA(malondialdehyde) (4), the effect of eliminating DPPH Radical (2), and experiements about the functions (2). 6. The rate of vitalization of well known anti-oxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Protein-bound SH, Nonprotein-bound SH, Glutathione(GSH), Catalase, and etc. were tested in 17 theses. Considering the conclusions mentioned above, the theses related to the senescence published in Korea elected different animals used for experiments, research items and the methods of research, the end result seems to be a lack of objectivity. Thus, I would argue that research methods to overcome such a deficiency need to be developed systematically.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.88-103
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• 2009

Objectives: There is currently increased interest in the identification of natural antioxidant compounds derived from various plants. Peony Root (PR) is used worldwide for the treatment of many types of cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis and hypertension. It has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of glycosuria, hypertension and cancer. However, to date, no studies concerning the antioxidant properties of PR have been conducted. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro scavenging activity, inhibitory effect of LDL oxidation of pro-oxidant reactive species and anti-thrombosis effect in response to treatment with PR using various screening methods including biological and non-biological oxidants. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from PR was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation and the inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Results: The PR extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity of oxidative stress [DPPH, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, etc.] as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation and on platelet aggregation. Conclusions: The PR extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.245-251
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-oxidative, anti-oxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of MeOH 80% extract and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fraction on three kinds of compositae plants in Korea. In the antimicrobial effect, the extract and chloroform fraction of Eclipta prostrata and hexane fraction of Carpesium abrotanoides L. and chloroform fraction of Siegesbeckia glabrescens exhibited significant inhibition. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and butanol fractions was more than 90% in all three plants. In case of tyrosinase activity, showed a potent inhibition ethlyacetate fraction of Siegesbeckia glabrescens and Carpesium abrotanoides L, which were higher than control group. In MeOH 80% extracts, there was not found to have antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, however there was ethylacetate fraction of Siegesbeckia glabrescens to show effectss commonly in the three assay system.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2021

Lonicera caerulea (Honey berry, HB) has been used in medical treatment in Russia, Japan, China and Korea. It has high level of vitamin C and polyphenolics. Polyphenolics can improve anti-inflammatory effect and prevent cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2. Also, Vitamin C is a representative anti-oxidant. however, it is still unknown what effect it will have on the oxidation stress of the reproductive system. In previous studies, ROS can be produced when it is exposed to heat stress and has negative effect on sperm's maturation, capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and fusion of egg and sperm. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L. Caerulea on the sperm and mice. At first, it conducted using ICR mouse (n = 20) for 4 weeks. There are four groups of mice (n = 5 per group). Also, L. Caerulea was taken by oral gavage. Group I (control) kept at 23℃-27℃ and administer D.W (0.5 mL/day), Likewise, Group II (HB) kept at room temperature but gave HB (250 mg/kg, 0.5 mL/day), Group III (HB + HS) received heat stress (40℃) using hyperthermia induction chamber and gave HB at same dose. and Group IV (HS) exposed heat stress only. Mainly, we showed degree of gene expression using Western blot in SOD, HSP 70, 17β-HSD and Real-time PCR. It can find correlation between intracellular activity like steroid hormone, apoptosis under ROS and antioxidant activity of L. Caerulea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

Background: A major ingredient of green tea is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and this is known to have many beneficial effects for cancer prevention and also on the cardiovascular system and neurodegenerative diseases through its anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and neuroprotective properties. Its actions on nociception and the spinal nervous system have been examined in only a few studies, and in these studies EGCG showed an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and a neuroprotective effect in motor neuron disease. This study was performed to investigate the effect of EGCG on acute thermal pain and the development of morphine tolerance at the spinal level. Methods: The experimental subjects were male Sprague-Dawley rats and the Hot-Box test was employed. A single or double-lumen intrathecal catheter was implanted at the lumbar enlargement for drug administration. An osmotic pump was used to infuse morphine for 7 days for induction of morphine tolerance. EGCG was injected repeatedly for 7 days at twice a day through the intrathecal catheter. Results: Intrathecal EGCG increased the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) after repeated administration for 7 days at twice a day, but this did not happen with administering on single bolus injection of EGCG. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine was not affected by co-administration with EGCG. A continuous 7-day infusion of morphine caused a significant decrease of the PWL in the control group (M + S, morphine plus saline). In contrast, intrathecal EGCG injection over 7 days blocked the decrease of the PWL in the experiment group (M + E, morphine plus EGCG). Conclusions: Intrathecal ECGC produced a weak antinociceptive effect for acute thermal pain, but it did not change the morphine's analgesic effect. However, the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine was attenuated by administering intrathecal EGCG.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the in vitro scavenging activity, inhibitory effect of LDL oxidation of pro-oxidant reactive species, anti-platelet aggregative effects and anti-thrombosis effects in response to treatment with SA using various screening methods including biological and non-biological oxidants. Methods : The antioxidant activity concerning extract from SA was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation and the inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Results : SA extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity regarding oxidative stress as well as an inhibitory effect towards LDL oxidation, platelet aggregation, and thrombosis. Conclusions : The SA extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are natural water-soluble pigments, mainly found in vegetables and fruits. Anthocyanins have attractive pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the anthocyanin-rich fraction (ANF) from purple sweet potato on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups (n=8 per group): normal fat diet (NF); high fat diet (HF); high fat diet with ANF 50mg/kg (ANF50). Normal fat or high fat diets were fed for a total of 17 weeks, and ANF was orally administrated for 8 weeks (from 10 to 17 weeks, five times/week). In our results, there were no significant differences in body weight, food intake, and tissue weight upon ANF supplementation. The levels of serum triacylglycerol, total-cholesterol, and glucose were also not affected by ANF supplementation. However, ANF supplementation significantly decreased serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels as well as prevented hepatic fat accumulation in high fat-fed mice. These results show that ANF may be beneficial for improving high fat-induced insulin resistance and protecting against development of hepatic steatosis.