• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

The exposure of gastric mucosa to ethanol produces acute ulcers mediated by inflammatory processes, hemorrhagic erosions and increase of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) aqueous extracts on hydrochloride (HCl)/ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice as compared with rebamipide (30 mg/kg) and ranitidine (100 mg/kg). Stomach ulcers were induced by oral ingestion of HCl/ethanol. CR extracts (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were orally administered, once a day for 7 continuous days, and 1 hr after last 7th treatment of CR extracts stomach ulcers were induced. Effects of CR extracts on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer were evaluated based on gross and microscopic observations with anti-oxidant activities. All three different dosages of CR extract significantly decreased HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer compared with the HCl/ethanol control mice. CR extracts also strengthened the antioxidative defense systems - decreased the level of lipid peroxidation but increased the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrate/nitrite compared with the HCl/ethanol control. The effects of CR extract 500 mg/kg were similar to that of 30 mg/kg rebamipide, and CR extract 250 mg/kg showed similar anti-ulcer effects as compared with ranitidine 100 mg/kg. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of CR extracts on mice ulcer models can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damages.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.526-532
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Acanthopanax sessiliflorus is a native Korean plant and used as a traditional medicine or an ingredient in many Korean foods. The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative stress caused by free radicals is the main cause of aging. Free radicals can be removed by cellular anti-oxidants. MATERIALS/METHODS: Here, we examined the anti-oxidant activity of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus extract both in vitro and in vivo. Survival of nematode C. elegans under stress conditions was also compared between control and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus extract-treated groups. Then, anti-aging effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus extract was monitored in C. elegans. RESULTS: Stem extract significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage in lymphocyte, which was not observed by leaves or root extract. Survival of C. elegans under oxidative-stress conditions was significantly enhanced by Acanthopanax sessiliflorus stem extract. In addition, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus stem increased resistance to other environmental stresses, including heat shock and ultraviolet irradiation. Treatment with Acanthopanax sessiliflorus stem extract significantly extended both mean and maximum lifespan in C. elegans. However, fertility was not affected by Acanthopanax sessiliflorus stem. CONCLUSION: Different parts of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus have different bioactivities and stem extract have strong anti-oxidant activity in both rat lymphocytes and C. elegans, and conferred a longevity phenotype without reduced reproduction in C. elegans, which provides conclusive evidence to support the free radical theory of aging.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.651-656
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• 2016

Bee pollen is produced by honeybees and is considered one of the most balanced and nourishing nutritional supplements available. Historically, bee pollen has been prescribed for its healing properties and consumed for its high-energy supply. Recent research has provided evidence that bee pollen has diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and even anti-cancer effects. However, the outer membrane of the pollen grain, exine, is highly resistant to most acidic solutions, high pressure, and even digestive enzymes, and the resulting low bioavailability limits its nutritional and clinical applications. This study applied a wet-grinding method to destroy the exine effectively, and it then examined the pollen's enhanced biological activity. First, microscopic observations provided strong evidence that wet grinding destroyed the exine time-dependently. In addition, the content of polyphenols, well-known ingredients of bee pollen and used as internal standards for the quality control of commercial pollen preparations, increased up to 11-fold with wet grinding. Further, the anti-oxidant activity demonstrated on the ABTS anti-oxidant assay, as well as the DPPH radical scavenging assay, was also dramatically increased. Together, the results presented here support a new technology by which bee pollen can be used as a resource for medical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was verification of the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang extract (CG) in mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : We have basically using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang, amount of nitric oxide(NO) was measured using the NO detection kit and the IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, free radical scavenging assay has tested for DPPH and ABTS radical activity as well as the contents of total polyphenol. Results : In this study, 96.6% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 1, 10, $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CG 1, 10, $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The CG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production activity dose dependently, especially at $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$ of 55%. The production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were decreased by 51%, 78% and 35% in CG treated $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. CG showed dose-dependent suppression activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, especially at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of 37%. DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation decolorization were activated over 86% and 88% in CG at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. Conclusions : According to the results, we thought that CG showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on the RAW 264.7 cells in mouse macrophage. Therefore, this research is expected to provide the fundamental data about the natural material analysis of relating to the anti-inflammation and antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.929-936
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical components and biological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) from different cultivation regions (Gochang, Yeongyang, Jangheung, and China). Proximate compositions and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were measured. Depending on the cultivation region, proximate composition of SMB showed significant variations. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were highest in Yeongyang SMB and Gochang SMB, respectively. We prepared hot water and 75% ethanol extracts of SMB from different cultivation regions and also investigated the biological effects of extracts on anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracts of Yeongyang SMB were the most effective at scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and hot water extract showed better scavenging activity than 75% ethanol extract. We observed that extracts of Yeongyang SMB exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, and 75% ethanol extract showed better antibacterial activity than water extract. Anti-inflammatory activities of SMB extracts from different cultivation regions were investigated through evaluation of their inhibitory effects on production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharides-induced RAW 264.7 cells. At $50{\mu}g/mL$, extract of China SMB showed the highest NO inhibitory activity of 34% among water extracts, and extract of Gochang SMB showed the highest NO inhibitory activity of 68% among 75% ethanol extracts. Salvianolic acid B level was the highest in extract of Yeongyang SMB with values of 110.59 mg/g for water extract and 111.93 mg/g for 75% ethanol extract.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 2012

In order to investigate the possibility of SHT as therapeutic for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, modulatory and suppression activities of SHT were tested. 90% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 25 to 200 ug/ml using Raw 264.7 cells. SHT showed dose-dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with more than 80% scavenging activities at 400 and 800 ug/ml concentrations. SHT showed dose-dependent suppression activity of ROS production, especially at 200 ug/ml of 57.4%. SHT decreased NO production activity dose dependently, expecially at 200 ug/ml of 28.8%. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$ production rate were decreased by 45.7%, 15.5%, 8.9%, 16.5% respectively when Raw 264.7 cells were treated with LPS and with SHT of 200 ug/ml. However, only IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ showed significant changes. The results above indicate that SHT significantly reduces the effect of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines. The use of SHT in dermatitis can be widely suggested.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2018

Aronia (black chokeberry), a species of berries is source to a very large number of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins in comparison to any other species. Owing to its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Fermentation- a bioconversion process exploiting the biological metabolic reaction of micro-organisms, has several benefits like improving the efficacy and safety of physiologically active substances, generation of new functional material, improving the adsorption rate and many others. Antigens like pathogens, food, pollen etc., generate a protective immune response in body tissues, and the process be referred to as inflammation. However, this when excessive results in a condition referred to as refractory inflammatory disease, whose incidence is increasing in the recent times, especially amongst children. The current study intended to assess the anti-oxidant activity, presence of polyphenols and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Aronia extract fermented by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented sea foods. Aronia fruits collected from Sunchang, Chonbuk were lyophilized for fermentation. So as to maximise the efficacy of the fermented Aronia extract, the quantitative effects of lactic acid bacteria species, composition of extraction solution, influence of temperature and time on antioxidant activity and total polyphenol contents were investigated using an experimental design. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) production in LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. Results indicated that antioxidant effect and total polyphenol contents were best improved in extract of Aronia fermented by P. pentosaceus. In addition, NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) levels were decreased significantly after fermentation. Thus, it was found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia greatly increased after fermentation process using P. pentosaceus.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

The effect on the antioxidant activity and Nitric Oxide activity production inhibitory activity of Taraxacum has not been known. Therefore, phenolics and flavonoid contents were investigated from the ethanol extracts of five different Taraxacum species. The results showed that, among the five Taraxacum, T. hallaisanensis contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. When the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, $ABTS^+$ and reducing power activity, the free radical scavenging activity of T. hallaisanensis was also the highest among five Taraxacum species. However, measurement by CCK-8 assay in Raw264.7 cells indicated that the extracts of Taraxacum species have no effect on cell viability. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of Taraxacum species on NO scavenging activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. The results clearly showed that Taraxacum species inhibited NO production, and the inhibitory effect of T. hallaisanensis was the strongest. The above results suggested that Taraxacum species affected the antioxidant and NO scavenging activity, and among the five species, antioxidant and NO scavenging activity assay of T. hallaisanensis was significantly higher than those of other four Taraxacum species. Therefore, T. hallaisanensis could be used as a potential drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-96
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• 2009

This study was attempted to investigate the anti-hypertensive activity of Solanum tuberosum, cv. Gui valley. Ethanol extract of Gui vally (EGV) increased free radical scarvenge activity up to 91.6% of control at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. It's anti-oxidant activity is similar to 10 uM of ascorbic acid, well known as antioxidant. EGV inhibited Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro. ACE plays a important role in regulation of blood pressure and ACE inhibitors are important for the treatment of hypertension. Anti-hypertensive activity of EGV in vivo was assessed in lead acetate (LAT)-induced hypertensive rats for 8 weeks. Elevated blood pressure in control group was significantly decreased by EGV at 200 mg/kg. Also, ACE activity in blood was also suppressed by EGV treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that EGV has an anti-hypersive activity via inhibition of ACE and can be used for the treatment or prevention of hypertension.