• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2016

오미자(Schisandrae Fructus)와 상엽(Mori folium)은 한국, 중국, 일본을 포함한 아시아 지역에서 오랫동안 식품자원 및 전통 의약제로 광범위하게 사용되어 왔다. 최근 연구에 따르면 오미자와 상엽은 항균, 항염증, 항산화, 면역기능 조절 및 혈관신생억제 등과 같은 많은 효능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 오미자(SF), 상엽(MF) 에탄올 단독추출물 및 복합추출물(medicinal herber mixture, MHMIX)에 대한 독성 및 안전성에 대해서는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SF, MF 및 MHMIX가 유발하는 급성독성 및 안전성을 확인하였다. 이를 위하여 ICR mice를 대상으로 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 5,000 mg/kg을 최고농도로 설정하여 단회 경구 투여하였으며, 투여 후 14일 동안의 치사율, 체중 변화, 임상증상, 음수율 및 사료섭취량과 함께 부검 소견, 장기무게 변화, 혈액학 및 혈액생화학적 검사를 실시하였다. 결과에서 나타난 바와 같이 SF, MF 및 MHMIX의 투여 후 치사율, 임상증상, 체중 및 부검 소견 상의 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 SF, MF 및 MHMIX 투여에 따른 각 장기의 무게, 혈액학적 및 혈청학적 임상 화학적 지표에도 유의적인 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서 SF, MF 및 MHMIX는 단회 경구 투여에 따른 치사량이 5,000 mg/kg 이상일 것으로 추정되어 ICR 마우스에 대하여 급성독성이 없는 비교적 안전한 물질이라는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 천연물 소재로서의 효능 규명을 통한 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.703-715
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 고초균으로 발효된 브라질산 원두로 커피추출물을 제조하였으며, 효모 발효를 위한 혼합액(20% glucose, 1% yeast extract, 70% roasted coffee extract)에 Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRCM102539 균주를 접종한 후, 정치배양(30℃, 5일)하여 커피와인을 제조하였다. 커피식초는 Acetobacter pasteurianus CT_02 균주로 제조한 종초를 커피와인에 30%(v/v) 첨가하고, 진탕배양(30℃, 120 rpm, 15일)하였으며 발효기간 중 5일 간격으로 생균수, 이화학적 특성(수용성 고형분 함량, pH 및 총산도), 유기산, 유리당 및 에탄올 함량을 분석하였다. 초산균 발효 전(0일 차, AUFCW)과 후(15일 차, AFCW)의 생균수, 수용성 고형분 함량, pH 및 총산도의 변화는 각각 6.35 log CFU/mL에서 4.19 log CFU/mL, 8.10 °Brix에서 8.57 °Brix, 3.88에서 3.07 및 1.29%에서 7.45%로 나타났다. HPLC 분석을 통한 glucose의 함량은 발효기간에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 에탄올 함량은 AUFCW에서 6.02%(w/v)였으나, AFCW에서는 검출되지 않았다. AFCW의 주요 유기산은 acetic acid(5,921.43 mg%), succinic acid(434.96 mg%)와 citric acid(69.43 mg%)로 3종이 검출되었다. 커피식초의 pancreatic lipase 저해활성은 발효기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. MDI로 지방분화가 유도된 3T3-L1 세포에 대한 AFCW의 항비만 효능평가를 지질축적률, 렙틴 단백질 발현량 및 지방 생성관련 유전자(PPAR-γ 및 SREBP-1c)의 mRNA 발현량 분석으로 진행하였다. AFCW의 항비만 효능은 200 ㎍/mL 농도 처리 시 MDI 단독 처리구 100%에 비해 지질축적률은 69.37%, 렙틴 단백질 함량은 50.20%로 감소하였으며, PPAR-γ 및 SREBP-1c의 mRNA 발현량은 각각 79.89% 및 48.81%로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 커피와 인으로 제조된 커피식초가 초산균의 발효과정을 통해 항비만 효능을 더 증가시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1367-1373
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the feeding value to sheep of Acacia saligna grown under temperate conditions. Pen trials were undertaken to determine the effects of feeding A. saligna, which had been grown in a Mediterranean environment, on feed intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolism in sheep. Sheep were given ad libitum access to A. saligna with or without supplementation with PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. PEG 4000 appears to be the major detannification agent used in trials involving high tannin feed despite the fact that PEG 6000 has been shown to be more effective, in vitro. For this reason it was of interest to compare the two, in vivo. Dry matter intake was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 compared to the control. There was no difference, however, in intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or 6,000. Although animals were not weighed throughout the trial, a loss in body condition was obvious, in particular in the control group. Intake of N was greater (p<0.05) in sheep supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000 than in the control. There was no difference in N intake between those supplemented with either PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. There were no significant differences in either the faecal or urinary N output between any of the treatment groups and all treatment groups were in negative N balance. Neither the average nor maximum pH of ruminal fluid of the control group was different to those supplemented with PEG. The minimum pH for the control group, however, was significantly higher (p<0.05) than for either of the PEG treatments. The average and the maximum ammonia levels were lower (p<0.05) in the control group compared with those in either of the PEG treatment groups. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. Feeding A. saligna, without PEG, had a definite defaunating effect on the rumen. For all dietary treatments ruminal ammonia levels were well below the threshold for maximal microbial growth. It was concluded that A. saligna was inadequate as the sole source of nutrients for sheep, even with the addition of PEG 4,000 or PEG 6,000. The anti-nutritional effects on the animals were largely attributed to the excessive biological activity of the phenolics in the A. saligna leaves. There is a need to determine other supplements that may be complimentary with PEG to enhance the nutritive value of A. saligna to maintain a minimum of animal maintenance.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2014

To improve the shelf life of low-salt Kochujang, Korean hot pepper paste, antimicrobial materials were added at different times before and after aging. The kochujang was then packaged and stored at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks, and changes in microbiological and physiochemical properties were evaluated. Hunter a- and b-values decreased considerably during storage. The total color difference (${\delta}E$) was greater in the ethanol-chitosan (EC) treatment than in the control and after pasteurization (A-P) treatment. Gas was produced until the seventh week of storage. The control and the A-P treatments produced more gas than the other treatments, and these had the largest number of yeasts and aerobic bacteria. The pH of the EC treatment was higher than that of the other treatments, and the A-P treatment had the highest level of titratable acidity. During storage, the oxidation-reduction potential was lower in the EC and ethanol-mustard-chitosan (EMC) treatments. The reducing sugar content decreased remarkably in the control and A-P treatments, with high production of ethanol. There was a significant change in the content of amino-type nitrogen in the control and A-P treatments, and the content of ammonia-type nitrogen was lowest in the EMC treatment. In the sensory test of kochujang, the ethanol-mustard (EM) and ethanol (E) treatments were significantly higher than the EC, control, and A-P treatments (p <0.05). EM or E alone was effective in extending the shelf life of kochujang when added before aging.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.720-720
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• 2002

A number of investigations have shown that the presence of bacteria is prerequisite for developing pulpal and/or periradicular pathosis. Depending on the stage of pulpal pathosis, various species of bacteria can be cultured from infected root canals. Kakehashi et al. showed that exposure of pulpal tissue in germ-free rats was characterized by minimal inflammation and dentinal bridging while exposure of pulpal tissue in conventional rats with normal oral flora was characterized by pulpal necrosis, chronic inflammation, and periapical lesions. Currently used methods of cleaning and shaping, especially rotary instrumentation techniques, produce a smear layer that covers root canal walls and the openings to the dentinal tubules. The smear layer contains inorganic and organic substances that include fragments of odontoblastic processes, microorganisms, their by products and necrotic materials. Because of its potential contamination and adverse effect on the outcome of root canal therapy, it seems reasonable to suggest removal of the smear layer for disinfection of the entire root canal system. Presence of this smear layer prevents penetration of intracanal medications into the irregularities of the root canal system and the dentinal tubules and also prevents complete adaptation of obturation materials to the prepared root canal surfaces. Removal of the smear layer by an intracanal irrigant and placement of an antibacterial agent in direct contact with the content of dentinal tubules should allow disinfection of this complex system and better outcome for the root canal therapy. A new solution, which was a mixture of a tetracycline, an acid, and a detergent(MTAD), was developed in the Department of Endodontics, Dental School. Lorna Linda University, USA. It has been demonstrated that MTAD was an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and does not significantly change the structure of the dentinal tubules when used as a final irrigant in conjunction with 1 % NaOCl as a root canal irrigant. Studies are in progress to compare the anti- microbial properties of this newly developed solution with those of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA that are currently used to irrigate the root canals and remove the smear layer from the surfaces of instrumented root canals.canals.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2019

항생제의 오남용은 세균의 항생제 내성을 증가시켜 세균감염에 의한 질병 치료에 어려움을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 동애등애유충으로부터 분리된 펩타이드의 신장에서의 폐렴간균 감염 억제 효능을 관찰하였다. 마우스는 비강을 통해 폐렴간균을 감염시키고 1일 후 펩타이드를 마우스에 근육 주사로 투여하였다. 10일 후 마우스를 희생하여 신장에서 세균 감염증을 조사하였다. 대조군에 비해 펩티드를 투여한 마우스의 신장에서 세균 감염증상, 몸무게의 감소가 유의하게 억제되었고 생존률이 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 동애등애로부터 분리된 펩타이드가 폐렴 간균의 신장에서의 감염증상을 억제할 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 동애등애로부터 분리된 펩타이드는 효과적인 항생제 개발에서 가능성 높은 후보물질이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and application of both on performance of broiler chicken under heat stress and reared on leaves and ground corn cobs as two alternative bedding materials. Six hundred seventy five day-old straightrun Arian broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 45 pens (at density of $0.09m^2/bird$) in an open sided partially-controlled shed. Three bedding materials viz. wood shavings (WS), ground corn cobs (GCC) (1.5 cm in length) and leaves were subjected to surface spraying of oil ($0.4L/m^2$ animal food grade sunflower oil), anti microbial solutions (3%) and mix treatment of both. Data on performance traits, incidence of breast and food pad lesions and litter characteristics were gathered and analysed in an appropriate factorial arrangements. Body weight at 56 d, feed intake up to 14 d, litter moisture at 28 d, litter pH at 14 d and litter temperature at 14 and 56 d were significantly influenced by litter type (p<0.05). Litter treatment revealed significant impact on body weight at 28, 42 and 56 d, feed intake during 29-42 and 1-42 d, mortality up to 56 d, litter temperature at 28 and 56 d, and litter pH at 28 and 56 d. Leaves and ground corn cobs have shown good potential as alternative bedding materials for rearing broilers. Surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and applying both were not effective tools to promote the broiler's health and performance. Meat type poultry growers and integrators are considered as primary audiences of the results achieved.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 과거부터 민간이나 한방에서 널리 사용되어져 온 백작약의 식중독 유발 세균에 대한 항균 활성을 조사해 보고자하였다. 백작약을petroleum ether. chloroform, ethylacetate 및 methanol의 4가지 유기용매 및 열수에 추출하고, Gram(+)세균인 Staphylococcus. aureus 및 Staphylococcus. epidermidis와Gram(-)세균인 Salmonella typhimirium, Salmonella paratyphimirium, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei 및 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대한 성장 억제 실험을 해 본 바, 백작약의 methanol 추출물이 10 mg/mL 농도에서 Salmonella typhimurium에 대해 가장 높은 항균력을 나타내었다. Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 항균력은 백작약의 ethylacetate 추출물이 5 mg/mL에서 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며, 액체 배지에 배양한 경우 5~10 mg/mL 농도에서 18시간까지 성장 억제 효과가 나타났다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2007

Carbon Nano Tubes could be either metallic or semi-conducting in nature, depending on their diameter. Its photocatalytic behavior has given an impetus to use it as an anti-microbial agent. More than 95% Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria got killed when exposed to Carbon Nano Tubes for 30 minutes in presence of sunlight. Carbon Nano Tubes are supposed to have smooth surface on to which it accumulates positive charges when exposed to light. The surface that is non illuminated has negative charge. At the cellular level microorganisms produce negative charges on the cell membrane, Therefore damaging effect of multi walled carbon nano tubes (exposed to light) on the microorganisms is possible. In this paper, photo catalytic killing of microbes by multi walled carbon nano tubes is reported. Killing was due to damage in the cell membrane, as seen in SEM micrographs. Moreover biochemical analysis of membrane as well as total cellular proteins by SDS PAGE showed that there was denaturation of membrane proteins as well as total proteins of both the microbes studied. The killed microbes that showed a decrease in number of protein bands (i.e. due to breaking down of proteins) also showed an increase in level of free amino acids in microbes. This further confirmed that proteins got denatured or broken down into shorter units of amino acids. Increased level of free amino acids was recorded in both the microbes treated with multi walled carbon nano tubes and sunlight.