• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.710-722
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• 2015

Counterfeit products have been a major concern in global market. With the emergence of RFID systems, to detect counterfeit products in supply chain is relatively easy. Many anti-counterfeiting techniques for products attached by RFID tag are proposed. Most of the previous anti-counterfeiting techniques are not considering the distribution of the counterfeit from a customer to a customer. Using the ownership transfer protocols we can prevent the counterfeit from being distributed on the supply chain as well as between the customers and the customers. The ownership transfer protocols must be modified for anti-counterfeiting because of the usage of the protocol. In this paper, we modify the ownership transfer protocol proposed by G. Kapoor and S. Piramuthu[1] to be able to detect the counterfeit and track and trace the products in the supply chain. Our proposed protocol consists of three phases: the products delivery phase, the products takeover phase, and the products sale phase. We show that our protocol is anti-counterfeiting as well as secure against the security attacks.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of purchasing non-deceptive counterfeit luxury brands. As determinants, this study exmained subject-related variables(consumer ethnoncetrism and attitude toward counterfeit), product-related variable(similarity with originals), and social influence(social recognition by others). Data were gathered by surveying university students living in Seoul metropolitan area using convenient sampling, and 323 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted using structural equation modeling. Results showed that consumers' attitudes toward counterfeits significantly influenced their attitudes toward purchasing counterfeit luxury brands which directly influence purchasing frequency of counterfeit luxury brands. Consumers who evaluated the counterfeit more similar to the originals had more positive attitudes toward purchasing counterfeit luxury brands. The results show why consumers have increasing demands for counterfeits and the implications for anti-counterfeit business are suggested.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.310-325
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• 2015

The market for counterfeit luxury fashion goods is proliferating across the globe. In an effort to provide some insight into this phenomenon, this study aimed to identify the antecedents of attitudes toward counterfeits of luxury fashion goods. As antecedents, counterfeit proneness and attitudes toward counterfeiting were considered. It was hypothesized that counterfeit proneness not only influences attitudes toward counterfeits of luxury fashion goods directly but also indirectly through attitudes toward counterfeiting. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul, using convenience sampling. Three hundred five questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. SPSS was used for exploratory factor analysis, and AMOS was used for confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. The results showed that all the fit statistics for the variable measures were quite acceptable. In addition, the overall fits of the hypothesized model suggest that the model fits the data well. Factor analysis revealed that counterfeit proneness and attitudes toward counterfeits of luxury fashion goods were uni-dimensional and that attitudes toward counterfeiting were two dimensional, which are 'normatively less susceptible' and 'value conscious'. Test of the hypothesized path showed that counterfeit proneness influences attitudes toward counterfeits of luxury fashion goods indirectly through the two factors of attitudes toward counterfeiting. The results suggest some implications for anti-counterfeit businesses.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2012

This study explores U.S. consumers' perceptions about fashion counterfeit goods and counter feiting and motivations for purchasing and not purchasing those goods. A qualitative research technique utilizing self-administered essay questions was used to collect data. A convenience sample of female college students(N=128) drawn from classes at Midwestern and Southern universities in the U.S. participated in this study. This study found that a majority of consumers tended to perceive that fashion counterfeit goods are merely imitations of the legitimate goods and that counterfeiting is producing and selling fake goods, but a small number of consumers associated those goods with illegally produced goods and illegal practices or violations of intellectual property rights. The major motivations for purchasing counterfeit fashion goods were found to be price/value consciousness, appearance of counterfeit goods, status consumption, availability of the goods, desire for souvenirs, and social(family and peer) influences. In addition, the major deterrents to purchasing these goods were identified as integrity/ethical judgment, poor quality of counterfeit goods, self-image/status, and unavailability of the goods. This study provides policy makers and anti-counterfeit coalitions with information to develop effective educational programs or campaigns to influence consumers' counterfeit fashion purchasing behavior.

• 월간포장계
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• 통권288호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2017

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2011

다양한 상품에 대한 시장의 보호를 위해 기존 기술적 인증 기술은 ID, 홀로그램, 그리고 RFID를 사용하는 등 점차 발달하고 있다. 하지만 이와 같은 방식은 인증 매체와 인증 정보가 노출되어 있어 이에 대한 복제가 쉬워, 위조품을 원천적으로 방지할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 스마트 카드 내에 명품의 인증정보 사용자 정보, 그리고 매장의 정보를 안전하게 저장 및 관리할 수 있도록 JCVM File System을 설계 하였으며, 스마트 카드의 프로세서를 활용하여 정보를 노출시키지 않고 안전한 인증이 가능한 인증 프로토콜을 설계 및 구현하였다. 이를 통해 위조품의 발생을 원천적으로 차단시킬 수 있으며, 스마트 카드가 부착이 가능한 어떠한 상품에도 인증의 용도로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2020

Fluorescent nanoparticles are characterized by their unique properties such as luminescence, optical transparency, and sensitivity to various chemical environments. For example, semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots), which are nanophosphors doped with transition metal or rare earth ions, can be classified as fluorescent nanoparticles. Tuning their optical and physico-chemical properties can be carried out by considering and taking advantage of nanoscale effects. For instance, quantum confinement causes a much higher fluorescence with nanoparticles than with their bulk counterparts. Recently, various types of fluorescent nanoparticles have been synthesized to extend their applications to other fields. In this study, State-of-the-art fluorescent nanoparticles are reviewed with emphasis on their analytical and anti-counterfeiting applications and synthesis processes. Moreover, the fundamental principles behind the exceptional properties of fluorescent nanoparticles are discussed.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.81-112
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• 2016

우리의 화장품산업은 향후 수출주도산업으로 중점 육성하는 새로운 성장산업이다. 수출 제1위 시장인 중국에서 한국 화장품은 세계화장품 1위국인 프랑스 제품과 자웅을 겨루고 있을 정도로 좋은 호응을 얻고 있다. 그런데 화장품 역시 여느 산업과 마찬가지로 중국에서 중국의 위조상품으로 큰 피해를 입고 있어, 한국 화장품의 위조상품 근절을 위한 통합적 위조방지 system 구축과 위조형태별로 위조 방지 전략을 강구하였다. 우선 위조의 개념과 위조 형태분석을 통하여 중국에서 한국 화장품의 위조형태를 위조상품, 모조상품, 불법유통상품 그리고 상표의 무단선점으로 구분하였다. 위조행위를 근절시키기 위해서는 우선 기업 내부적으로는 최고경영층의 확고한 위조행위 근절의지에서부터 제품개발, 생산, 판매의 각 단계별로 위조 방지체제를 구축하여야 한다. 기업 외부적으로는 IP-desk와 같은 위조방지지원체제는 물론 한 중 정부간의 협력체제를 총동원하여 위조행위를 근절시켜야 한다. 더욱 중요한 것은 소비자들 스스로가 위조/모조상품을 구매하지 않는 성숙된 소비문화가 정착되어야 할 것이다. 위조상품에 대한 구체적 방지 전략은 기업내부의 사전적 대응으로 hidden tag나 Rfid tag의 부착, 수출통관인증제의 활용과 유통채널의 철저한 감독이 필요하며, 사후적 대책으로 중국정부에 상표법위반에 의한 강력한 단속을 요청하여야 한다. 모조상품에 대한 방지 전략은 모조상표는 상표법위반으로 모조디자인은 중국전리법 위반으로 대처하여야 하며, 소비자에게 정품인식을 위한 홍보도 강화하여야 한다. 불법유통상품들은 샘플판매, 유통기한경과상품의 판매, 밀수상품의 유통들로써 강력한 dealership을 구축하여 이를 적극적으로 저지시켜야 한다. 상표의 무단선점은 상표 및 디자인 등록, 세관등록의 철저를 통하여 예방하여야 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2015

Intellectual property law is slowly fighting to keep pace with the rapid growth of the fashion industry. Copyright and patent law have proven only minimally effective in fashion, even in the US and other top fashion nations, forcing designers and fashion companies to rely on their trademarks to protect their work. Litigating trademark disputes in the fashion industry presents a host of problems as witnessed in a recent Christian Louboutin case, leading the parties to resort to Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) and Online Dispute Resolution(ODR). ADR methods, especially arbitration, are increasingly emerging as substitutes to litigation. Using these methods, the fashion industry (CFDA in the US case) should sincerely consider a self-regulating program in which its members, both fashion designers and corporations alike, can resolve disputes in a manner mutually beneficial to all parties in order to preserve the industry's growth, solidarity, and esteem In particular, for the US fashion industry, the ongoing Innovative Design Protection and Privacy Prevention Act(IDPPPA) anti-counterfeit legislation could have caused a chilling effect against innovation. New designers with no name and less resources who could normally flourish producing inspired-by designs may find themselves subject to copyright infringement legislation since the IDPPPA may expand the protection of established designers and brands with more resources. This fear and its implication could be solved by the fashion industry itself since fashion experts know best how to handle these fast-paced issues arising in the field. Therefore, stakeholders in the fashion industry should commit to protecting innovation within fashion on a long-term basis by establishing a panel handling an ADR process. This can mitigate the uncertainty created by the IDPPPA or any other legislation from elsewhere, which could result in a shying away from experimentation with inspired-by designs.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2010

The term "spoofing" refers to the transmission of counterfeit signals to provide undetectable falsification of GPS service. A spoofing can be accomplished using information from open literature which defines the signal format and the data structure. Spoofing is intended either to produce erroneous navigation solutions or saturate the processor of the victim receiver. The GPS receiver has no way to get rid of the effect of a spoofing because GPS receivers for civil service do not have an anti-spoofing scheme. This paper analyzes the spoofing characteristics, spoofing methods and environment conditions. And the spoofing effects on GPS receiver are analyzed in detail using the designed software-based spoofer and the Nordnav receiver.