• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2009

The in vitro antibacterial activities of anti-acne agents prepared from the extracts of natural sources were investigated against several bacteria including antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes. SD-1 and SD-2 were prepared with different formulations and they showed strong antibacterial activities. The anti-acne agents completely inhibited the growth of the tested strains at the concentration of 0.5%. There was no difference in antibacterial activity between antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant P. acnes. The inhibitory activities of two agents showed time-dependent manner. In S. aureus, time-kill curve demonstrated 2.8- and 3.4-$log_{10}$-unit killing after 8 h with SD-1 and SD-2, respectively. In P. acnes, time-killing curve demonstrated 5.1- and 6.1-$log_{10}$-unit killing after 24 h with SD-1 and SD-2, respectively. SD-2 showed stronger antimicrobial activity than SD-1. From these results, we expect that SD-1 and SD-2 have strong antibacterial activities and have advantages for treating acne.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Hani-maehwa laser(fractional mode) treatment on acne scar. Methods : The patient with atrophic facial acne scars was treated with 5 sessions of laser therapy at 4-week intervals. The therapeutic response to treatment was assessed at 3 months after last laser session. The treatment effect was evaluated by standardized photography, anti aging, skin brightness and flatness. That was measured by micro fluorescence measurement camera(ECO SKIN, Cuvitz Inc.) in 16(left zygoma) and 26(right zygoma) spot. And side effects were also checked. Results : Atrophic facial acne scars have improved markedly. Anti aging, skin brightness and flatness were improved. Especially anti aging and flatness were noticeably improved. Adverse effects were not reported.Conclusions : Korean medicine cautery method applies to high level laser(CO₂ Hani-maehwa laser). These are different designs but same principle. It can be considered that laser therapy is effective method for treating acne scars.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-115
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• 2002

Tests of stability and toxicity, and clinical evaluation of anti-acne activity suggest that cryptotanshinone, a constituent of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is an effective active ingredient for acne vulgaris treatments. Acne vulgaris, called acne or pimples, is the most common disease of the pilosebaceous follicle unit of the skin. It affects nearly 80% of people between the ages of 11 and 30. Approximately 30% of teenagers have acne of sufficient severity to require medical treatment. Acne is a follicular disorder of the skin. It occurs in specialized pilosebaceous units on the face and body. Acne develops when these specialized follicles undergo pathologic alterations that result in the formation of non-inflammatory lesions (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules and nodules). An abnormality of keratinizing epithelium of these follicles, thought to be due to the action of sebum synthesized and secreted by the androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands, leads to inflammation induced by the follicular bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Therapy involves treatments that modify these pathogenic factors and includes drugs with antikeratinizing, antibacterial and antiseborrheic actions. Acne vulgaris is a very frequent disease, seen primarily in adolescents, involving the sebaceous follicles. Acne vulgaris is characterized by a great variety of clinical inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions: comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts and scars. Acne vulgaris is a multi-factorial disease. Although its pathogenicity is unclear, extensive studies have shown that hyperseborrhea, superinfection by P. acnes and endocrinologic androgenic changes play a role in the development of acne vulgaris.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. is a perennial plant, which naturally habitats in whole area of Korea, and where it is popularly used for the traditional remedies. In the present study, A. pilosa Ledeb. extract was prepared to determine the anti-acne effects and application possibility as a cosmetic resource. A pilosa Ledeb. was extracted with methanol and its anti-acne effect against Propionibacterium acnes was investigated via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The MIC of A. pilosa Ledeb. extract and triclosan was 0.05 mg/mL and 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. This implies that A. pilosa Ledeb. extract nay be an efficient anti-acne ingredient for cosmetics, considering that it is a crude extract. The paper disk diffusion assay showed that its anti-acne effect was similar to that of triclosan. Furthermore, A. pilosa Ledeb. extract effectively inhibited the growth of several aerobic microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, we examine the stability of the extract to temperature and pH. The extract was very stable to high temperatures ($70{\sim}121^{\circ}C$) and to pH ($pH 2{\sim}11$), suggesting its utilization for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2024

This study is to propose Lagerstroemia indica flower as an anti-acne cosmetic material, and confirmed the sebum control, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects using Lagerstroemia indica flower extract (LIFE) . As a result of evaluating the sebum control effectiveness, it was confirmed that LIFE inhibited the production of sebum excessively induced with palmitic acid up to 65%. Subsequently, it was confirmed that LIFE has an antibacterial effect and the ability to inhibit lipase activity against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), which mainly appears in acne lesions, and can also reduce the inflammatory response caused by virulence factors secreted by C. acnes. It was also confirmed that LIFE inhibited the secretion of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which are inflammatory mediators induced by LPS in macrophages, by 75% and 54%, respectively, and that it also had a high DPPH radical scavenging ability similar to that of ascorbic acid. These results suggest that LIFE, a natural extract, can be used as an anti-acne material to relieve and treat acne, a complex disease, by controlling sebum production and having antibacterial and lipase activity inhibiting against C. acnes, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.707-717
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• 2018

Leukocytes are reportedly the first line of the innate immune defense and essential for the control of common bacterial infections. Therefore, in this work, the antibacterial activity of crocodile leukocyte extract against Propionibacterium acnes was evaluated, and we also characterized the related activity of skin infection. The leukocyte extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration to be $100{\mu}g/ml$ to P. acnes. SEM imaging demonstrated that the leukocyte extract adversely affected P. acnes cell permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the crocodile leukocyte extract could significantly reduce proinflammatory markers and decrease inflammatory signs in infected mouse ears. The crude leukocyte extract was further purified using FPLC and RP-HPLC. The resulting fraction F5 was indicated as the anti-acne peptide-containing fraction. The molecular mass of the peptide contained in F5 was calculated to be 4,790.5 Da. N-Terminal sequencing revealed the amino acid sequence as GPEPVPAIYQ, which displays similarities to immunoglobulin A and leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein. This is the first reported amino acid sequence of a crocodile leukocyte extract that possesses anti-acne activity. To attempt to use it in a prototype cosmetic, an anti-acne gel containing crude crocodile leukocyte extract was formulated, resulting in seven gel formulations (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7). The formulations G5, G6, and G7 exhibited 2-fold higher anti-acne activity than G1-G4. Investigation of accelerating stability studies of anti-acne gel formulations G5, G6, and G7 demonstrated that a low storage temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) is suitable for maintaining the physical properties and biological activity of the anti-acne gel products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.589-593
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• 2016

Propionibacterium acnes infection in skin tissue often causes acne vulgaris, commonly characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. Chitosan and its derivatives possess strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates on P. acnes-infected human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) was evaluated. We designed a model of P. acnes-induced inflammation in viable HaCaT cells. Nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory marker, was successfully elevated by P. acnes infection in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of NO were reduced by treatment with chitosan-phytochemical conjugates (chitosan-caffeic acid, -ferulic acid and -sinapic acid) in a dose-dependent manner. Among these conjugates, chitosan-caffeic acid exhibited the strongest NO suppression in HaCaT cells infected with P. acnes. The results obtained in this study suggest that chitosan-phytochemical conjugates could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against acne vulgaris.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

Acne is a chronic inflammatory follicular disorder of the skin, occurring in specialized pilosebaceous units on the face, and Propionibacterium acnes, a strict anaerobic pathogen, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. To develop a reliable and effective anti-acne agent, we have evaluated antibacterial activity of 500 plant extracts, prepared from 335 plants, against P. acnes. Based on the results of disc-paper method, 25 plant extracts, including the extracts of Chloranthus japonicus (aerial part), Sophora flavescens (radix), Evodia officinalis (fructus), Ginko biloba (semem), Morus alba (root bark), Aralia continentalis (whole) and Reynoutria elliptica (radix), were selected as possible sources of anti-acne agent. Among them, the extract of S. flavescens (radix) was finally selected and kuraridin and kurarinone were identified as major active compounds of S. flavescens. These results suggested that medicinal and wild plants could be the potential source of anti-acne agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.612-620
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• 2004

Acne is a relatively common disorder, especially in the adolescent or 20-30th young people. The condition is characterized by comedones, papules and pustules. Acne has social and psychological influence on the acne patients. But there is no perfect treatment of acne. It is known that Herba Houttuyniae has anti-inflammatory action and anti-bacterial action. Therefore, we studied the effect of 5% Herba Houttuyniae extract solution on the acne. The study was designed to compare the efficacy of 5% Herba Houttuyniae solution on the acne. The study was carried out on two groups-a experimental and a control group- for 4 weeks. Efficacy was determined by investigating counts of non-inflammatory open and closed comedones, and inflammatory papules and pustules once a week. After a experiment self-assessment was checked. As the result of the study, we found that a significant difference was observed in the mean counts and self-assessment of the experimental group. So we concluded that Herba Houttuyniae has a clinical effect on the acne.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2006

Herbal mixture water extract of (Chrysanthemum morifolium, Portulaca oleracea, Sanguisorba officinalis, Sophora flavescens, Phellodendron amurense, Cnidium monnieri) which exhibit several beneficial effects including acne and skin diseases, was tested for anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammation effects. The herbal mixture extract showed antimicrobial activity against Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne. The growth of Stapylococcus epidermis, and Propionibacterium acne was inhibited completely by addition of 1.0% of the extract. Also in the present study we examined the mixture extract on compound 48/80 induced allergy and LPS induced cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The results indicated the ear swelling and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 were dose-dependently reduced, ranging 28-60%, and 48-72% , respectively. Furthermore the extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced COX-2 proteins and mRNAs without an appreciable cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells. The LPS-induced cytokine gene expression including IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-6 were dose-dependently suppressed by the mixture extract. Based on these results, it is concluded that the herbal mixture water extract can be applied to the acne and skin diseases therapy.