• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2008

Human pancreatic lipase is a digestive enzyme which is synthesized in pancreas, secreted into small intestine, and there hydrolyze the fat in food. Pancreatic lipase protein composes of catalytic domain and colipase-binding domain. In this research, the gene segments corresponding to total protein, catalytic domain, and co lipase-binding domain were cloned by PCR method, inserted into an expression vector, and then used to transform Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant proteins produced were purified and injected intramuscularly three times into laying hens. The egg yolk antibodies (IgY) were obtained from the egg yolks and tested for their antibody titer. Among three IgY, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest antibody titer. All three IgY had inhibitory effects on the porcine pancreatic lipase. Among them, the IgY against colipase-binding domain showed the highest inhibition effects. The fat diet with corn oil and IgY was administrated to the experimental rats and their blood compositions were examined with time course. The triglyceride concentration of treated rats was decrease meaningfully when compared with those of control rats. This suggested that the IgY against colipase-binding domain antigen inhibited pancreatic lipase in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.654-666
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• 2018

This study was determined the effects of dietary omega-6 and 3 fatty acid ratios (n-6/n-3, 0, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1) on lipid metabolism in obese model animal rats. Blood triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-C, glucose, ALT, AST, insulin, and leptin concentrations in n-6/n-3 group were decreased by 22.21, 20.60, 52.96, 15.71, 11.97, 9.13, 37.57, 45.98%, respectively, while HDL-C and phospholipid concentrations were increased by 28.38, 80.39% respectively, compared with control group, as especially in 4:1 group showed the greatest effect. SREPB-$1{\alpha}$ and SREPB-2 mRNA in liver tissues were down-regulated in n-6/n-3 group, but LPL-mRNA of PPARs in adipose tissue was up-regulated compared with control group. The adipocyte size in liver tissues was decreased in the order of n-6/n-3 ratio of 30:1, control, 15:1 groups, and the adipocyte size in adipose tissues was decreased in the order of n-6/n-3 ratio of control, 30:1, 15:1, 4:1 groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.249-262
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• 2005

Backgrounds : As obesity prevails as an epidemic. diet programs including low-calorie diets are developed continuously. It is generally believed that a low-calorie diet is commonly followed by resting metabolic rate decrease and ultimate weight regain. Ephedra and Evodia are known to have sympathomimetic and anti-obesity effect. Objectives : This study was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized md placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on resting metabolic rate (RMR), weight, body composition, and short-term safety in obese women on low-calorie diet. Methods : 125 otherwise healthy obese women (body mass Index ${\geq}\;25kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: Ephedra group (n=41), Evodia group (n =45), and placebo group (n=39). Subjects were administered Ephedra extract in capsules (pseudo-ephedrine 31.52mg) or Evodia extract in capsules (evodiamine 6.75mg, rutaecarpine 0.66mg) or placebo capsules as well as participating in a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks, Resting metabolic rate and body composition were measured at baseline,4 and 8 weeks. Basic serum exams were performed to evaluate the short-term safety of the herbs and changes of lipid variables. Results : All three groups showed significant BMI decreases probably due to low-calorie diet. Among them, the Ephedra group manifested most prominent BMI-reducing effect and towered total cholesterol and triglycerides significantly. The RMR was not changed during the 8-week diet in all groups. No significant difference among the groups was found in RMR, either. Stbject with higher RMR than the mean at the baseline showed a tendency to keep their RMR more stable during the diet program. Conclusions : Ephedra with a low-calorie diet was effective in reducing BMI. RMR change was not compensated by herbal medicines. RMR change seemed to be affected rather by constitution and body composition than medicine. Ephedra and Evodia were proven to be safe for sort-term use in herbal form. Especially, Ephedra was effective in lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides during the 8 weeks.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.661-667
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• 2010

Astragali Radix (AR) has been used in traditional medicinal herb, which is known to tonify the qi and blood. It has been asserted to be a tonic that can improve the function of the lungs, adrenal glands and the gastrointestinal tract, increase metabolism, promote healing and reduce fatigue. Also, Plantago asiatica (PA) has the anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitussive, cardiac, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic effects, though it is considered to be less powerful than the seed. Recent research is showing that it is promising in lowering cholesterol and controlling diabetes. Obesity is characterized at the cellular level by an increase in the number and size of adipocytes differentiated from fibroblastic preadipocytes in adipose tissue. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3 to 7 extracts of mixed medicinal herbs (water and ethanol extract of Astragali Radix; ARW and ARE, water and ethanol extract of Plantago asitica; PAW and PAE, and those mixed extracts; ARW+PAE, ARW+PAW and ARE+PAE) on adipogenesis and apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by MTT assay, Oil-Red-O staining and TUNEL assay. And then, we determined total contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds in mixed herbal extracts. These result showed that herbal extracts (ARW, PAE and ARW+PAE) affected on adipogenesis and apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes among 3 to 7 extracts tested. Especially herbal mixed extracts (ARW+PAE) had the highest inhibition on differentiation of preadipocytes and lipoid accumulation of maturing adipocytes. And it did not affect cell viability of mature adipocytes, but herbal mixed extracts (ARW+PAE) increased apoptosis in mature adipocytes, as proved by highest concentration $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ using TUNEL assay. In addition, contents of total phenoilc compounds and flavonoids showed the highest level in ARE+PAE and PAE than ARW. These results suggest that this main target for adipocyte functions could be effective in improving the metabolic syndrome including obesity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.710-715
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• 2005

This research was to investigate inhibitory activity of Sasang medicines on Obesity. 56 kind of herb medicines to powder, abstract add 100 times methanol. Examine inhibitory effect against lipase activity in vitro. It was compared Xenical(Orlistat) with 56 kind of herb medicines. Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Xenical as a standard was 93.3%. It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeyangin herb medicine. (Fructus Pruni Tomentosae 77.7% Cortex Acanthopanacis73.5%, Fructus Chaenomelis73.1%, rice bran on a mallet head68.1%, Semen Fagopyri 48.1%, Radix Vitis 31.5%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soyangin herb medicine. (Radix Saposhnikoviae 91.5%, Semen Plantaginis 90.4%, Semen Trichosanthis 89.2%, Herba Schizonepetae 85.7%, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui 76.1%, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 76.0%, Cortex Phellodendri 75.1%, Herba Menthae 74.8%, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 61.2%, Rhizoma Alismatis 62.6%, Poria 60.9%, Rhizoma Notopterygii 22.5%, Radix Peucedani 18.2%, Caulis Akebiae 17.7%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Taeeumin herb medicine. (Herba Spirodelae 91.4%, Radix Polygalae 88.3%, Arillus Longanae 84.3%, Radix Platycodi 81.7%, Semen Zizyphi Spinosae 80.2%, Spina Gleditsiae 79.7%, Herba Ephedrae 75.3%, Semen Raphani 73.1%, Rhizoma Cimicifugae 73.0%, Rhizoma Acori Graminei 71.8%, Flos Chrysanthemi71.0%, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 68.4%, Vermiculus Holotrichia 59.9%, Radix Puerariae 55.3%, Fructus Schizandrae 53.4% Semen Coicis 50.6%, Semen Biotae 47.5%, Semen Nelumbinis 46.7%, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 45.1%, Semen Castaneae 44.4%, Rhizoma Ligustici 34.5%, Tuber Liriopis 16.4%, Radix Scutellariae4.2%) It is Inhibitory effect against lipase activity of Soeumin herb medicine. (Pericarpium Arecae89.9%, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 89.5%, Radix Polygoni Multiflori81.2%, Rhizoma Cyperi 79.0%, Cortex Magnoliae 72.8%, Radix Aucklandiae 72.0%, Rhizoma Zingiberis 71.9%, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 71.3%, Radix Cynanchi Wilfordi 57.7% Rhizoma Pinelliae 36.7%, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae 35.8% Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 17.5%, Pericarpium Citri 16.1%) Therefore, Radix Saposhnikoviae(91.5) and Herba Spirodelae(91.4%) were the most effective medicice of 56 kind of medicines.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2012

This study investigated the physiological effects of three species of Auricularia known as Auricularia polytricha (JNM21001), Auricularia auricula-judae black (JNM21002), and Auricularia auricula-judae brown (JNM21012). In the ORAC assay, Auricularia spp. showed antioxidant activities in the order of JNM21001>JNM21012>JNM21002. All Auricularia spp. strongly inhibited the action of ${\alpha}$-amyloglucosidase up to 60%. In order to further test in vivo anti-obesity effects, high fat diet induced ICR obese mice fed a diet containing 20% fat were used. All Auricularia spp. supplementation during high fat diet feeding significantly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat pads weight, and lowered the food efficiency ratio compared to the high fat control (HFC) group. In particular, the group fed with JNM21012 had a lower average daily body weight gain of 0.45 g/day, demonstrating similar levels to the normal diet fed group. The group fed with JNM21012 significantly reduced lowered serum triglycerides (42%), total cholesterol (81%), and LDL-cholesterol level (66%) compared with the HFC group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.510-517
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the antiobesity effect of supercritical fluid extracts (SFC) and marc methanol extracts (SFM) from Cinnamomum verum in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In inducing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the presence of an adipogenic cocktail, iso-butylmethylanthine (IBMX), dexamathasone, and insulin, treatment with fraction residue SFC and SFM. SFC significantly reduced the mRNA expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activate-dreceptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), the sterol regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), and the CCAAT enhancer-binding-protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SFC markedly down-regulated acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ASC1), fatty acid synthesis (FAS), fatty acid transport-1 (FATP1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and perilipin. These findings suggest that SFC may be a potential therapeutic adjunct for obesity by targeting the differentiation of preadipocytes, as well as their functions.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.20-42
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate anti-obesity effects the improvement effects of Gyejibongnyeong-hwan and Gyejibongnyeong-hwan-Gangji-hwan (CIPPDF) in a ob/ob mouse model. Methods: Seven-week old mice (wild-type C57BL/6J and ob/ob) were used for all experiments. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were used as normal group and obese ob/ob mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. a normal group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a standard diet with CIPP (300 mg/kg), CIPPDF (1) (300+300 mg/kg), CIPPDF (2) (300+600 mg/kg) respectively. After 10 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, blood lipid markers, mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$ and lipogenesis in in-vivo, were examined. Results: 1. Body weight gain and Feeding efficiency ratio were significantly decreased in CIPPDF (1) compared with control. Fat mass was significantly decreased in CIPPDF (2) in EAT compared with control. 2. Consistent their effects on body weight gain and fat mass, circulating concentrations of LDL-cholesterol were decreased in CIPPDF (1), CIPPDF (2) groups compared with control. 3. MCAD mRNA levels of genes was increased in CIPPDF (1), CIPPDF (2) groups in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue compared with control. VLCAD mRNA levels of genes was increased in CIPPDF (1), CIPPDF (2) groups in the skeletal muscle compared with control. 4. $PPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA was decreased in CIPPDF (1) in the liver compared with control. SCD1 mRNA was decreased in CIPPDF (1), CIPPDF (2) groups in the epididymal adipose tissue compared with control. Conclusions: In conclusion, These results suggest that CIPPDF not only decrease feeding efficiency ratio, and LDL-cholesterol, but also reduce EAT fat mass contributing to the improvement of ovesity. CIPPDF also were increased in mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$ and decreased in mRNA levels of genes involved in lipogenesis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2021

Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function, which contribute to host systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Korean traditional foods, fiber-rich bean products, have been various biological activities in anti-inflammatory responses, but has not reported the large intestinal health. In this study, we investigated the intestinal health promoting effect of cooked soybeans (CSB) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. SD rat were fed either a HFD or HFD supplemented with 10.6% CSB (HFD+CSB) for animal experimental period. CSB treatment significantly decreased the HFD-induced weights of body and fat. Also, CSB treatment improved HFD-reduced tight junction components (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin-1) mRNA expression in large intestine tissue. Additionally, histopathological evaluation showed that CSB treatment attenuated the HFD-increased inflammatory cells infiltration and epithelial damages in large intestine tissue. At the genus level, effects of CSB supplement not yet clear, while dietary effects showed differential abundance of several genera including Lactobacillus, Duncaniella, and Alloprevotella. NMDS analysis showed significant microbial shifts by HFD, while CSB did not shift gut microbiota. CSB increased the abundance of the genera Anaerotignum, Enterococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Escherichia/Shigella by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, while reduced the abundance of Longicatena and Ligilactobacillus. These findings indicate that CSB supplement improves HFD-deteriorated large intestinal health by the amelioration of tight junction component, while CSB did not shift gut microbiotas.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2018

A few clues about correlation between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves were investigated in only the experimental autoimmune myocarditis and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. To investigate whether a novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) could suppress ER in fatty liver, alterations in the key parameters for ER stress response were measured in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57L/6 mice treated with EMfC for 12 weeks. The area of adipocytes in the liver section were significantly decreased in the HFD+EMfC treated group as compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group, while their level was higher in HFD+Vehicle treated group than No treated group. The level of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha ($eIF2{\alpha}$) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 beta ($IRE1{\alpha}$) phosphorylation and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression were remarkably enhanced in the HFD+Vehicle treated group. However, their levels were restored in the HFD+EMfC treated group, although some differences were detected in the decrease rate. Similar recovery was observed on the ER stress-induced apoptosis. The level of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased in the HFD+EMfC and HFD+orlistat (OT) treated group compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group. The results of the present study therefore provide first evidence that EMfC with the anti-obesity effects can be suppressed ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in the hepatic steatosis of HFD-induced obesity model.