• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.198-208
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• 1997

This Study was attempted to investigate the effect of Allium cepa L. (onion) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the levels total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the serum and the increase ratio of body and liver weight in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats. The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml and 5 ml/head as compared to the high lipid-diet control group. The levels of total lipids. Triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml and 5 ml/head as compared to the control group, respectively. However, the level of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ was significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. The levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver were significanatly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. Increase ratio of the body and liver weight were significantly decreased in dose of onion juice 3 ml/head. Anti-fatigue activity of onion juice were studied in mice using the swimming performance method. The potencies of anti-fatigue acti-vities was significantly found in 1.2 ml/head. p.o. of onion juice. The methanol extract and juice extract of onion was significantly found to have an antioxidative activity on the air oxidation of linoleic acid as compared to the 3-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2010

Until now, the thickness design of anti-freezing layer has been empirically conducted using the frost depth determined from the freezing index. This approach cannot consider the structural properties of anti-freezing layer, which can cause the over-design of pavement structure. This paper presents results of structural evaluation of anti-freezing layer using the Falling Weight Deflectormeter (FWD) deflections. The FWD testing was directly conducted on top of the subbase layer located at the embankment, cutting, and boundary area of each section. It is observed from this testing that the center deflections of pavement structure with anti-freezing layer are smaller than those without anti-freezing layer. The deflection reduction rates are 15~55% in the embankment, 11~64% in the cutting, and 2~38% in the boundary, respectively. It was also found that the use of antifree zing layer enables to reduce the Surface Curvature Index (SCI) values up to 24 percent. Fatigue lives show that pavement structure with antifreezing layer are about two times higher than the those without anti-freezing layer. This fact indicates that the anti-freezing layer should be considered as a structural layer in the asphalt pavement system.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.705-717
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer and to investigate the associations among them with functional status and quality of life (QOL). Methods: A convenient sample of 303 patients was recruited from an oncology-specialized hospital. Results: Two distinct clusters were identified: A gastrointestinal- fatigue cluster and a pain cluster. Each cluster significantly influenced functional status and QOL. Based on these two clusters, we identified subgroups of symptom clusters using K-means cluster analysis. Three relatively distinct patient subgroups were identified in each cluster: mild, moderate, and severe group. Disease-related factors (i.e., stage, metastasis, type of surgery, current chemotherapy, and anti-hormone therapy) were associated with these subgroups of symptom clusters. There were significant differences in functional status and QOL among the three subgroups. The subgroup of patients who reported high levels of symptom clusters reported poorer functional status and QOL. Conclusion: Clinicians can anticipate that breast cancer patients with advanced stage, metastasis, and who receive mastectomy, and chemotherapy will have more intense gastrointestinal-fatigue or pain symptoms. In order to enhance functional status and QOL for patients with breast cancer, collective management for symptoms in a cluster may be beneficial.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2021

The conventional approach of looking down a microscope to perform microsurgical procedures is associated with occupational injuries, anti-ergonomic postures, and increased tremor and fatigue, all of which predispose microsurgeons to early retirement. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) visualization of real-time microscope magnification has been developed as an alternative. Despite its commercial availability, no supermicrosurgical procedures have been reported using this technology to date. Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVAs) often require suturing vessels with diameters of 0.2-0.8 mm, thus representing the ultimate microsurgical challenge. After performing the first documented LVA procedure using 3D-augmented visualization in our unit and gaining experience with this technique, we conducted an anonymized in-house survey among microsurgeons who had used this approach. The participants considered that 3D visualization for supermicrosurgery was equivalent in terms of handling, optical detail, depth resolution, and safety to conventional binocular magnification. This survey revealed that team communication, resident education, and ergonomics were superior using 3D digital hybrid visualization. Postoperative muscle fatigue, tremor, and pain were also reduced. The major drawbacks of the 3D visualization microscopic systems are the associated costs, required space, and difficulty of visualizing the lymphatic contrast used.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2010

To establish the fundament for EBM of Traditional Korean Medicine, the papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) frequently used in medical institutions of Traditional Korean Medicine were analyzed through researching domestic and international papers. The papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, the year of publishment, experimental fields and the kinds of studies on biological activities. Of total 228 papers on Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang), 121 volumes were selected according to creteria. 47 volumes were published in domestic journals, 71 in Chinese journal, 2 in Japanese journal, and 1 in Taiwan journal. The papers on instrumental analyses were preceeded by HPLC, MS, GC with standard compounds of herbal medicine in Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang). The papers on biological activities of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang) showed improvement of gastrointestinal activity and blood circulation, immunoactivity, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, pharmacokinetics, hepatic protection, radioprotection, muscular activity, hematopoiesis and nontoxical effect. Further studies including gastrointestinal disorder, immune related disease, cancer, oxidative injury and pharmacokinetic study need to be preceeded to establish the fundament for EBM of Sagunja-tang(Sijunzi-tang).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Extract from Gryllus bimaculatus crickets inhibits oxidation at the DNA level, with reduced production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene expression profiles of aged (10 months old) Wistar Kyoto rats treated for one month with 100 mg/kg G. bimaculatus ethanol extract to assess the effects. The extract produced a meaningful anti-edema effect, evident by the inhibition of creatinine phosphokinase activity. The weights of abdominal and ovarian adipose tissues were reduced and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissues was increased in an extract dose-dependent manner. Compared with untreated control rats, rats treated with the extract displayed the upregulation of 1053 genes including Fas (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6), Amigo3 (adhesion molecule with an immunoglobulin-like domain), Reticulon 4, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (Hmgcr; a reductase), related anti-fatigue (enzyme metabolism), and Rtn antioxidant, and the downregulation of 73 genes including Ugt2b (UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family), Early growth response 1, and Glycoprotein m6a. Data suggest that G. bimaculatus extract may have value in lessening the effects of aging, resulting in a differential gene expression pattern indicative of a marked stress response and lower expression of metabolic and biosynthetic genes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.874-883
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• 2007

The aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum has been used to treat palpitation, anemia, chronic fatigue, hypertension, and stroke. It also possesses various pharmacological effects including hypotensive, blood circulating, sedative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and anti-stress activities. In the present results, the latency time of plantar test was decreased in the immobilization stress and incusion pain-induction group. However the paw withdrawal latency values were increased in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups after treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum. The c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe were enhanced in the immobilization stress and incision pain-induction groups. However, the treatment with the aqueous extract of Chungsimyeonja-eum suppressed the immobilization stress and incision pain-induced increase of c-Fos, 5-HT, and TPH expressions. Here in this study, we have demonstrated the protective effects of Chungsimyeonja-eum on immobilization and incision pain-induced stress. The present study revealed that Chungsimyeonja-eum treatment diminishes immobilization and pain stress.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2009

Stents are frequently used throughout the human body. They keep pathways open in vascular or nonvascular duct for a long time. Therefore its stability is very important factor. In recent years, aconsiderable amount of research has been carried out in order to estimate mechanical properties of the stent such as expansion pressure behavior, radial recoil and longitudinal recoil using FEM (Finite element analyses). However, published works on simulation of stent fatigue behavior using FEM are relatively rare. In this paper, a nonlinear finite-element methodwas employed to analyses the compression of a stent using external pressure and fatigue behavior. Finite element analyses for the stent system were performed using NASTRAN FX. In conclusion this paper shows how the stent is behaved in the body, and its fatigue behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

Objectives: Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, and its pathogenesis includes thyroid specific autoimmunity. Anti-thyroid drugs are widely used for regulating the thyroid function. However, in spite of long-term therapy with anti-thyroid drugs, about 40$\sim$$70\%$ of the treated patients have a relapse, and some suffer adverse effects. In this study, to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ahnjeonbaekho-tang(AJBHT) on Graves' disease patients, we performed the clinical study prospectively. Methods: Through the thyroid function test(TFT) of 54 patients diagnosed as Graves' disease in other hospitals, 21 patients were assigned into the study. After the withdrawal of anti-thyroid drugs, AJBHT was administerd to patients for 2 months. At the same time, TFT, TSH binding inhibiting immunoglobulin(TEII) level and visual analogue scales (VAS) about fatigue and palpitation were measured before and after administration. Thirteen patients have completed the entire follow-up of this study over two months. Results: Serum levels of T3 and FT4 were significantly improved by AJBHT(T3: 298.85$\pm$79.60 ng/dl 181.15$\pm$33.92 ng/dl p<0.0001, FT4: 2.78$\pm$1.06 ng/dl$\rightarrow$1.78$\pm$0.83 ng/dl p<0.05). However, there were no significant changes in TSH and TBII values. And the VAS scores of fatigue and palpitation also were significantly improved(5.80$\pm$3.01$\rightarrow$3.60$\pm$2.63, p<0.05; 6.19$\pm$2.09$\rightarrow$3.60$\pm$2.46, p<0.01). Patients' age was related to the post-treatment FT4 values(p<0.05). Conclusions: From these results, we suggest that AJBHT is effective on the TFT and the symptoms of Graves' disease, and is a safe alternative drug for Graves' disease patients.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to analyze a comprehensive feature of experimental research on Insamyangyoungtang and develop a strategy that can be used for experimental studies on Insamyangyoung-tang in the future. Method : The journal search was performed using six databases : PubMed, Chinese database (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, [CNKI]), Japan database (Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic, [J-STAGE]) and three Korean databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Research Information Service System [RISS], and Korean Studies Information Service System [KISS]). We used limited keywords and analyzed studies by publication year, experimental models, and the subjects of biological activities. The mechanism of pharmacological activity in accordance with the therapeutic effects of Insamyangyoung-tang was noted. Results and Conclusion : A total of 43 studies (6 domestic studies and 37 foreign ones) were examined according to the inclusion criteria of the experimental study. Research on the pharmacological activities of Insamyangyoung-tang showed its therapeutic effects on the nervous and immune systems, as well as its anti-aging, anti-fatigue, and hematopoietic effects. Additional efficacy and safety assessments and experimental and clinical studies should be performed to evaluate the mechanism of Insamyangyoung-tang. The present review has provided preliminary information for further studies on Insamyangyoung-tang.