• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

Objectives : Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) is an herbal medicine, which has been used for the treatment of fatigue, chills, and poor physical conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of AOF hot aqueous extract. Methods : The cytotoxicity of AOF extract was evaluated using the MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by the Griess reaction. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production was measured by a commercial competitive enzyme immunoassay. Cytokine production (IL-1tion co6, and TNF- F- was measured by ELISA. The anti-oxidative effect of AOF extracts was measured by the DPPH method. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent and aluminum chloride, respectively. Results : AOF hot aqueous extract did not show toxicity at doses of 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}g/mL$. AOF extract significantly inhibited NO production at doses of 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL.PGE_2$ production was inhibited by AOF extract treatment at doses of 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$. AOF extracts reduced IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1ent maTNF- F- 1ent mannerd IL-6 production in uction at doses of 100 and ${\mu}g/mL$. The DPPH free radical scavenging capability was above 50% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusion : This study suggests that AOF hot aqueous extract may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required for validating the safety and efficacy of AOF.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), a member of the Asteraceae family, is a well-known for medicinal plant and can be found in India and Europe. Chamomile is an effective sedative and various medical effects. But, the effects of acne treatment by chamomile were not investigated. Therefore, we assessed the anti-oxidant effects, anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammatory effects by chamomile extracts in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Anti-oxidant effects of chamomile extracts were investigated by DPPH assay. Also, results of MTT assay was demonstrated that chamomile extracts did not have a cytotoxic effect in HaCaT cells. To assess the antimicrobial activity, we determined formation of inhibition zone of Propionibacterium acnes by extracts from chamomile. Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) induces production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6 and IL-8 and expression of COX-2. Chamomile extracts could inhibit TNF-${\alpha}$-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 gene. These results demonstrated the possibility of chamomile for prevention and treatment of skin inflammatory diseases such as acne.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

To investigate the natural cosmetic ingredients of Benincasa hispida seed extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, and whitening effect. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The total phenolic content was higher in methanol extract (22.42±0.002 mgGAE/g) than water extract (9.77±0.002 mgGAE/g). MTT assay was demonstrated that the seed extract did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW264.7 and B16F10 cell lines. We also examined to find out the inhibitory activity on NO production and secretion of TNF-α cytokine in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In B16F10 melanoma cells, the seed extract significantly suppressed α-MSH induced melanin synthesis. Furthermore, westernblot analysis revealed that methanol extract dramatically downregulated the expression level of MITF, TRP-1 and TRP-2. Taken together, the B. hispida seed extract posses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin whitening activities, which might provided its functional efficacy in cosmetic materials.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.69-89
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-oxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Sungyoutanggagambang(SYTG). Methods: In the study of anti-oxidant activities. SYTG was investigated by DPPH radical scavenger activity. superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity. In the study of anti-inflammatory effects. SYTG was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation. levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were measured in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. Results: Prior to the experiment. we investigated the security of SYTG by measuring GOT and GPT in serum. 1. SYTG showed high antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent degree by measured scavenging activity of DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. 2. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6. TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree in RAW264.7 cell line. 3. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production significantly at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and TNF-$\alpha$ production significantly at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ as compared with the control group in RA W264.7 cell line. 4. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, and IL-6 production significantly as compared with the control group in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. and decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in spleen tissue. and also decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in liver tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that SYTG can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion. chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2001

Inflammation is an outcome or an end effect of disruption of complex immunological balance. A variety of approaches to control immunological unbalance have been tried, and some of them are in practice in the clinic. Since inflammatory disorders are reflection of very complex immunological responses, it should be difficult to have such disorders under complete control. Thus, most of the drugs, being marketed and under development, possess some degrees of undesired side offsets originating from disruption of immunological balance. Steroids are excellent drugs suppressing inflammation in short term, however, long-term use of steroids would incur a serious side effect of "rebound". Another example is TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing agents, such as enbrel and infliximab. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been known to play a key role in the exacerbation of inflammation, and knock-out of TNF-${\alpha}$ is regarded essential to control of chronic inflammation. The TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing drugs in the market are regarded very efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Upon long term use, however, those drugs cause sepsis to a certain proportion of patients. It is ironical that a high plasma level of TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to be responsible for sepsis, and that the drugs scavenging TNF-${\alpha}$ cause sepsis. The above two examples illustrate well the difficulty of discovering an anti-inflammatory drug without unwanted immunological side effects. An anti-inflammatory drug would make a case in the market, as long as the drug has huge therapeutic benefits compared to its expected but unwanted immunological side effects, where cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are positioning. In this presentation, will be discussed general aspects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in conjunction with 3(2Η)furanone derivatives, a novel class of COX-2 inhibitors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.309-316
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Violae Herba Water Extract (VH) on the proinflammatory factors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced on the production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells. We examined effect of Violae Herba Water Extract on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells. Futhermore, After 24 hours treatment we investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Violae Herba Water Extract by the production of Bio-Plex cytokine assay, concentrations of various cytokines such NO, $interleukin(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ and IL-6. The water extract of Violae Herba significantly inhibited the production of NO, $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells with no changes in the cell viability of them. These results suggest that water extract of Violae Herba has anti-inflammatory effect related with its inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages cells. Further research is needed to develop therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases using Violae Herba.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.542-549
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• 2008

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II : CDDP) is the most widely used anticancer drug against a variety of human neoplasms. However, its clinical use is limited by the onset of severe side effects, including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Even though a number of evidences in cytotoxic mechanism of cisplatin have been suggested, the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cisplatin cytotoxicity of auditory cells has not yet been demonstrated. Herein our data clearly demonstrated that cisplatin decreased the viability of HEI-OC1 auditory cells, which was inhibited by the addition of neutralizing $anti-TNF-{\alpha}$, $anti-IL-1{\beta}$ and anti-IL-6 antibodies. Consistently, Neutralization with antibodies against pro-inflammatory cytokines ameliorated the cell death and disarrangement of cochlea hair cell layers in the rat primary cochlear explants which were treated with cisplatin. Furthermore, exogeneous supplementation with free radical scavengers, including GSH and NAC, significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in the rat primary cochlea explants. We also observed that $TNF-{\alpha}$ was predominantly expressed in Deiters and Hensen's cells located in hair cell zone of cisplatin-treated cochlear explants. These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines, including $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of hair cell damages caused by ototoxic drug cisplatin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.843-847
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• 2010

Wikyung-Tang(WKT) is herbal medication used in abcess-causing respiratory disease. Previous in vitro study demonstrates that WKY presents anti-proliferative effects in A549 cells. Here we show that WKY protects mice against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We pretreated mice orally with WKY(2.34 and 5.85 g/kg body weight) 1, 24 and 48 hours before intratracheal administration of LPS. For same condition, control group was pretaken orally distilled water before LPS administration. 24 hours after LPS intratracheal instillation, bronchoalveolar lavege fluids(BALF) was obtained to measure protein and proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6). Protein and proinflammatory cytokines in BALF of WKT treated groups were totally decreased. Statistically, Protein, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ of high concentrate WKT treated group decreased significantly compared with control group. In conclusion, WKY had some anti-inflammatory effect in a clinically relevant model of ALI. these results indicated that WKY was effective in inhibiting ALI and might act as a potential therapeutic reagent for treating ALI in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2010

Essential oil-excluded Artemisia princeps Pamp var Ssajuarissuk (AP) was fermented with Lactobacillus brevis K-1, which was isolated from cabbage Kimchi, and the anti-inflammatory effects of AP and fermented AP (FAP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in peritoneal macrophages were investigated. AP and FAP inhibited LPS-induced TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, iNOS and COX-2 expression, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. AP and FAP also reduced ear thickness, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced dermatitis in mice. Furthermore, AP and FAP also reduced exudate volume, cell number, protein amount, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation in mice. The inhibitory effects of FAP were more potent than those of non-fermented AP. Based on these findings, we propose that FAP can improve inflammatory diseases, such as dermatitis, by inhibiting the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2015

Objective : Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) have proven effects in pathogenesis of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Current study is designed to evaluate the effects of an anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ agent, adalimumab, on spinal cord clip compression injury in rats. Methods : Thirty two male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (sham, trauma, infliximab, and adalimumab groups) and SCI was introduced using an aneurysm clip. Animals in treatment groups received 5 mg/kg subcutaneous adalimumab and infliximab right after the trauma. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied in traumatized spinal cord tissues 72 hours after the injury as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Results : Animals that received anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ agents are found to have significantly decreased MDA levels. MDA levels were significantly different between the trauma and infliximab groups (p<0.01) and trauma and adalimumab groups (p=0.022). There was no significant difference in neurological evaluation of the rats using Tarlov scale. Conclusion : These results suggest that, like infliximab, adalimumab has favorable effects on lipid peroxidation induced by spinal cord trauma in rats.