• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2016

In year of 2013, anthracnose disease symptoms were observed on stem of stonecrop in a plant resource field, Southern Forest Resource Research Center, Jinju, South Korea. The disease symptoms were appeared 2-5 cm smudged irregular black spot color on the plant stems. Suspected pathogen was isolated from the lesion with surface sterilization method and identified it as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Artificially inoculated the isolated pathogen led to the similar disease symptom as originally observed in the field. The fungal pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated lesion and it exhibited the same characteristics compared to the original isolate. This is the first report of anthracnose of stonecrop grown in open fields, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Korea.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.365-378
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• 2018

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of the major diseases of red dates, causes severe damages in jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) production in Korea. This study was done to evaluate the inhibition of anthracnose occurrence and pathogen growth by the treatment of environment-friendly materials such as a Bordeaux mixture and loess-sulfur mixture and by defense-response signaling in jujube. The in vitro test of the environment-friendly materials and signaling molecules that were routinely applied did not exhibit any antifungal activities against the pathogen for jujube anthracnose. The Bordeaux mixture and loess-sulfur mixture at a two-fold concentration showed inhibition zones that were 16.0 and 20.3 mm in diameter, respectively. In the pathogen inoculation test with detached jujube tree leaves, while treatment with the environment-friendly materials diluted by half showed no inhibition of lesion development, they did show inhibition of lesion development when they were routinely applied to the leaves. In detached jujube fruits inoculated with the pathogen, better suppressive effects by the treatment of the environment-friendly materials were seen in the fruits at a young stage rather than in the ripening stage. The in vivo test with jujube trees in pots showed that the treatment of salicylic acid (1 mM) resulted in the best suppressive effects against lesion development. The results suggest that it is possible to manage the incidence of anthracnose by the treatment of environment-friendly materials such as the Bordeaux and loess-sulfur mixtures and signaling chemicals such as ethephon, hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid in jujube trees and fruits. Consequently, these findings suggest that environment-friendly materials and defense response signaling molecules could be used as suitable candidates for sustainable agrochemicals to manage anthracnose in jujube production.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 1999

Twenty two different disease on strawberry have been reported in Korea. Their occurrence patterns were depended on the varieties cultivated. Fusarium wilt occurred seriously on var. Hokowase, a variety used for the fields or semi-forcing culture. In recent years, however, anthracnose occurred remarkably as the acreage of forcing culture increases. Consequently, anthracnose reduced the stand rate and yield of the strawberry. Average occurrence rate of anthracnose was 36.9% on major strawberry cropping areas. Nyoho and Akihime, which are popular varieties for the forcing culture, are considered to be susceptible, but Holiwase and Suhong are resistant against this disease. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata have been reported as casual agents for this disease in Korea. C. gloeosporoides was recently reported, but C. fragariae, known to be a strong pathogen in foreign countries, has bot been found yet in Korea. These two fungal pathogens showed significant differences in some characteristics such as major infection parts of plant and responses to temperatures as well as benomyl resistance. In addition, C. gloeosporioides is more pathogenic than G. cingulata. Because vinly sheltering is effective for control of anthracnose to protect water disposal of the pathogen during the seedling stages, it is strongly recommend to use this method in conjunction with integrated control programs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides; Teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata), is the most destructive disease that affects sweet persimmon production worldwide. However, the biology, ecology, and genetic variations of C. gloeosporioides remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the development of fungicide resistance and genetic diversity among an anthracnose pathogen population with different geographical origins and the exposure of this population to different cultivation strategies were investigated. A total of 150 pathogen isolates were tested in fungicide sensitivity assays. Five of the tested fungicides suppressed mycelial pathogen growth effectively. However, there were significant differences in the sensitivities exhibited by the pathogen isolates examined. Interestingly, the isolates obtained from practical management orchards versus organic cultivation orchards showed no differences in sensitivity to the same fungicide. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed to detect internal transcribed spacer regions and the ${\beta}$-tubulin and glutamine synthetase genes of the pathogens examined. Both the glutamine synthetase and ${\beta}$-tubulin genes contained a complex set of polymorphisms. Based on these results, the pathogens isolated from organic cultivation orchards were found to have more diversity than the isolates obtained from the practical management orchards.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

고추포장의 토양에서 분리한 Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 Colletotrichum acutatum에 대한 생물학적 방제 활성을 검정 하였다 이 분리균주를 일종의 작물보호제인 카밴다짐 가스가마이신 수화제와 비교하여 검정한 결과, 기준사용량 농도(50 ${\mu}L/mL$)와 비슷한 항진균 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 생물 검정 결과, 공시 작물보호제의 기준사용량 농도(50 ${\mu}L/mL$)에서 보다 고추 탄저병균의 발병억제효과가 높게 나타나내었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2012

This study was carried out to research microorganisms having the antifungal activity against ginseng Alternaria blight pathogen Alternaria panax and ginseng anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Eleven Bacillus strains. were isolated from Korean traditional soybean paste and Kimchi. Among the 11 isolates, DJ5, KC1, KC2 and KC4 showing antagonistic activity on the mycelial growth of A. panax and C. gloeosporioides in pairing culture were finally selected as the antagonistic microorganisms. Based on 16s rRNA sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis, they were identified as Bacillus spp.. The selected microorganisms were investigated antagonistic activity by measured leaf-segment colonization in pot test. When Bacillus sp. were injected after A. panax treatment, KC1, KC2 and KC4 showed similar effect to chemical pesticides treated control. To measure preventive effect of Bacillus sp, antagonistic microorganisms were injected and C. gloeosporioides was treated in pot. When measuring the effectiveness for the prevention of Anthracnose, All Bacillus spp. showed approximately 83~90 % degree of superior preventive effect. In general, The four Bacillus spp. isolated from Korean traditional fermented foods showed therapeutic effect of Alternaria blight and preventive effect of Anthracnose.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2019

Colletotrichum acutatum is a species complex responsible for anthracnose disease in a wide range of host plants. Strain C. acutatum KC05, which was previously isolated from an infected pepper in Gangwon Province of South Korea, was reidentified as C. scovillei using combined sequence analyses of multiple genes. As a prerequisite for understanding the pathogenic development of the pepper anthracnose pathogen, we optimized the transformation system of C. scovillei KC05. Protoplast generation from young hyphae of KC05 was optimal in an enzymatic digestion using a combined treatment of 2% lysing enzyme and 0.8% driselase in 1 M NH₄Cl for 3 h incubation. Prolonged incubation for more than 3 h decreased protoplast yields. Protoplast growth of KC05 was completely inhibited for 4 days on regeneration media containing 200 ㎍/ml hygromycin B, indicating the viability of this antibiotic as a selection marker. To evaluate transformation efficiency, we tested polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation of KC05 using 19 different loci found throughout 10 (of 27) scaffolds, covering approximately 84.1% of the entire genome. PCR screening showed that the average transformation efficiency was about 17.1% per 100 colonies. Southern blot analyses revealed that at least one transformant per locus had single copy integration of PCR-screened positive transformants. Our results provide valuable information for a functional genomics approach to the pepper anthracnose pathogen C. scovillei.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2013

For the past two decades, the causal agent of anthracnose occurring on strawberry in Korea was considered Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, the recent molecular analysis has shown that the genus Colletotrichum has undergone many taxonomic changes with introduction of several new species. As a result, it revealed that C. gloeosporioides indeed consisted of more than 20 distinct species. Therefore, the Korean pathogen isolated from strawberry should be reclassified. The shape and size of the conidia of the pathogen were not distinctly different from those of C. gloeosporioides and C. fructicola, but it differed in shape of the appressoria. A combined sequence analysis of partial actin, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, and the internal transcribed spacer regions showed that the strawberry isolates formed a monophyletic group with authentic strains of C. fructicola. On the basis of these results, the anthracnose fungi of the domestic strawberry in Korea were identified as C. fructicola and distinguished from C. gloeosporioides.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2020

A Colletotrichum species was isolated from leaves of Cymbidium exhibiting symptoms of anthracnose. In this study, the isolates obtained were identified based on recent taxonomic approaches for the genus Colletotrichum. The identity of the causal pathogen was confirmed using morphological data and phylogenetic analysis of combined multi-gene dataset (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1, actin, histone3, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin). Pathogenicity testing revealed that the isolates were pathogenic to Cymbidium. Based on these results, the fungal pathogen occurring on Cymbidium orchids was identified as Colletotrichum cymbidiicola, which is a newly recorded species in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

딸기탄저병의 발병특성은 정식 직후 격발하다가 시간이 지날수록 발병율이 감소하였으며, 11월 이후에는 발병이 감소하였다. 정식 직후에는 주로 런너로 침입하였으나 엽병 제거 후는 제거한 상처부위로 주로 침입을 하였다. 식물체의 부위별로는 런너에서 가장 강한 병원력을 보였으며 접종방법별로는 생장점 부위로 관주를 할 경우 가장 발병율이 높았다. 딸기탄저병에 의해 고사된 포기를 제거한 자리에 건전한 포기를 심었을 경우 옮겨 심은 포기에서는 발병이 되지 않았다.