• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.820-823
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• 2004

We present high reflective anode for top emission OLED. Anode consists of two layers, which are increasing the ability of hole injection and the reflectivity of emitted light. Thin Cr is deposited on AlNd that has a high thermal resistance and reflectivity. The current-voltage characteristics of Cr(30${{\AA}}$)/AlNd(1000${{\AA}}$) anode are poor but these of Cr(50${{\AA}}$)/AlNd(1000${{\AA}}$) anode are superior to these of Cr(30${{\AA}}$)/AlNd(1000${{\AA}}$) and the work function of cr(50${{\AA}}$)/AlNd(1000${{\AA}}$) is higher that of Cr(30${{\AA}}$)/AlNd(1000${{\AA}}$).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2010

The electrical characteristics of galvanic cell which is composed of the cathode electrode(graphite, carbon and copper) and the anode electrode(Zn and Mg) were investigated. For this research as electrolyte 2~12 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were used. At graphite cathode electrodes which use Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the open circuit voltage was 1.3V most highly. The maximum output power increased as the electrolyte concentration increased, due to a increase in ion density. When Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the maximum output power respectively was evaluated as 2.2mW and 5.5mW about the graphite cathode electrode in the NaCl 4wt%. The research results indicated that the output power of cell which is composed with graphite with the cathode and Mg with the anode was most excellent and the efficiency of the cell could be enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

The galvanic anodes have three kinds of Zn alloy anode, Al alloy anode and Mg alloy anode, which are widely used in cathodic protection for all metal structures in water or under ground. This paper to be used for designing of the grounding cell has reached the following conclusion as the results of an experimental study on the characteristics of such galvanic anodes for corrosion protection of pipings: 1) Zn alloy anode was the best when the specific resistance of the environment was bellow 1000 $\Omega$.cm, and when above 1000 $\Omega$.cm, Mg alloy anode to be used for designing of the grounding cell was the best. 2) Al alloy anode was better than Mg alloy anode for grounding cell when the specific resistance was bellow 500 $\Omega$.cm, but the Al alloy anode in all the environments reduced the characteristics of galvanic anode to the lower grade than those of Zn alloy anode. 3) Each impressed voltage (E) of the anodes at which drainage current density ($\rho$) begins rapidly increasing is quantitatively presented as follows: \circled1 E sub(Zn)=log (4.9465/$\rho$super(0.0639))+11$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.8923i) \circled2 E sub(Al)=log (4.9306/$\rho$super(0.0525))+13$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.9314i) \circled3 E sub(Mg)= log (3.7086/$\rho$super(0.0988))+181$\times$10 super(-6)$\rho$super(0.5406i) 4) The empirical equations between the drainage current density (i) and impressed environment are modeled as the following type. logi=g+root(n.E+r)(g,n,r; constants)

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2009

The carbon-coated Si/Cu powders were synthesized by mechanical ball-milling and hydrocarbon gas decomposition methods at high temperature. The carbon-coated Si/Cu powder was used as anode for lithium secondary battery and its electrochemical behavior was investigated. In addition, the carbon-coated Si/Cu/graphite composite anode material was prepared using natural graphite powder and their electrochemical characteristics were compared with natural graphite anode. The specific capacity of carbon-coated Si/Cu anode increased to the initial 10 cycles. The carbon-coated Si/Cu/graphite composite anode exhibited the reversible specific capacity of 450mAh/g and the first cycle efficiency of 81.3% at $0.25mA/cm^2$. The cycling performance of the composite anode was similar to that of pure graphite anode except the reversible specific capacity value.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) films were deposited by linear ion source(LIS)-physical vapor deposition method changing the anode voltages from 800 V to 1800 V, and characteristics of the films were investigated using residual stress tester, nano-indentation, micro raman spectroscopy, scratch tester and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM). The results showed that the residual stress and hardness increased with increasing the ion energy up to anode voltage of 1400 V. It was also found that the content of $SP^3$ carbon increased with increasing the anode voltage $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio through investigation of $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio by the micro-raman analysis. From these results, it can be concluded that the physical properties of DLC films such as residual stress and hardness are increased with increasing the anode voltage. These results can be explained that 3-dimensional cross-links between carbon atoms and Dangling bond are enhanced and the internal compressive stress also increased with increasing the anode voltage. The optimal anode voltage is considered to be around 1400 V in these experimental conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.965-974
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• 2022

Platinum anodes are widely used for metal oxides reduction in LiCl-Li₂O, however high-cost and low-corrosion resistance hinder their implementation. NiO-Li₂O ceramics is an alternative corrosion resistant anode material. Anode processes on platinum and NiO-Li₂O ceramics were studied in (80 mol.%) LiCl-(20mol.%)KCl and (80 mol.%)LiCl-(20 mol.%)KCl-Li₂O melts by cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrolysis. Experiments performed in the LiCl-KCl melt without Li₂O illustrate that a Pt anode dissolution causes the Pt²⁺ ions formation at 3.14 V and 550℃ and at 3.04 V and 650℃. A two-stage Pt oxidation was observed in the melts with the Li₂O at 2.40 ÷ 2.43 V, which resulted in the Li₂PtO₃ formation. Oxygen current efficiency of the Pt anode at 2.8 V and 650℃ reached about 96%. The anode process on the NiO-Li₂O electrode in the LiCl-KCl melt without Li₂O proceeds at the potentials more positive than 3.1 V and results in the electrochemical decomposition of ceramic electrode to NiO and O₂. Oxygen current efficiency on NiO-Li₂O is close to 100%. The NiO-Li₂O ceramic anode demonstrated good electrochemical characteristics during the galvanostatic electrolysis at 0.25 A/cm² for 35 h and may be successfully used for pyrochemical treating of spent nuclear fuel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.922-925
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• 2002

Klystron which is micro wave amplifier tube are mainly used in fields of science such as accelerator, nuclear fusion, broadcasting, communication fields, and defense industry fields, tract. The quality of Klystron anode and cavity are determined by form accuracy and roughness of the worked surface. Therefore anode and cavity are restricted the from accuracy strictly and the surface roughness be under Rmax 0.03S. As a work material of anode and cavity, the oxygen-free copper, that is used for optical pares of aerospace and laser mirror is selected. An outside diameter of material is $\Phi$100 mm and an inside diameter is $\Phi$30~33 mm. In this study, to find the optimum ultra precision cuffing condition of oxygen-free copper with diamond turning machine, the surface roughness is examined for various diamond toot nose radius, main spindle speed, fred rate and depth of cut. As a result of experiment, we could machined the anode and cavity with a surface roughness within Ra 3.2 nm, a form accuracy within 0.01 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.968-973
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• 2014

Aluminum anode of marine growth prevention system for ship is installed in seachest or sea water strainer. The Al anode is connected to a control panel that feeds a current to the anode. The dissolved ions produced by the anode are transferred in sea water, spreads through the sea water pipe system and creates a protective film in the pipelines. Thereby, corrosion in pipeline system significantly is reduced. In application on condition as a steel ship, the big accident can be caused by the corrosion. Accordingly, in this research, we evaluated influence of applied current and flow velocity on electrochemical characteristics of Al anode for marine growth prevention system (MGPS). Based on the results of the erosion-cavitation experiments, cavitation rate increased greatly until 120 min. of the experimental time and decreased a little at the point of 180 min. where pit grew and merging occurred but showed a tendency of steadily increasing consumption rates. Based on the results of the Tafel analysis, compared to static states, corrosion current densities show a rapidly increasing tendency when flow occurred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

This paper reports solution-processed, high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated by a knife coating method under ambient air conditions. In addition, indium tin oxide (ITO), traditionally used as the anode, was substituted by optimizing the conductivity enhancement treatment of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The transmittance and sheet resistance of the optimized PEDOT:PSS anode were 83.4% and $27.8{\Omega}/sq$., respectively. The root mean square surface roughness of the PEDOT:PSS anode, measured by atomic force microscopy, was only 2.95 nm. The optimized OLED device showed a maximum current efficiency and maximum luminous density of 5.44 cd/A and $8,356cd/m^2$, respectively. As a result, the OLEDs created using the PEDOT:PSS anode possessed highly comparable characteristics to those created using ITO anodes.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2017

Silicon alloys are considered promising anode active materials to replace Li-ion batteries by graphite powder, because they have a relatively high capacity of up to 4200 mAh/g, and are environmentally friendly and inexpensive ECO-materials. However, its poor charge/discharge properties, induced by cracking during cycles, constitute their most serious problem as anode electrode. In order to solve these problems, Si-Ge-Al alloys with porous structure are designed as anode alloy powders, to improve cycling stability. The alloys are melt-spun to obtain the rapidly solidified ribbons, and then ball-milled to make fine powders. The powders are etched using 1 M HCl solution, which gives the powders a porous structure by removing the element Al. Subsequently, in this study, the microstructures and the characteristics of the etched powders are evaluated for application as anode materials. As a result, the etched porous powder shows better electrochemical properties than as-milled Si-Ge-Al powder.