• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil under various solutions. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by adhesion of particle to fabric and its removal from fabric separately. The PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$were used as materials of textile and model of particulate soil, respectively. The detergency was investigated as a function of surfactants concentration, ionic strength, kinds of electrolyte and mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant in different ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture. Although some deviations exist, the adhesion of particle to fabric generally increased with decreasing its removal from fabric. The detergency of particulate soil on PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in each single surfactant solution, but the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil was low. Generally the detergency of particulate soil on fabric was at its maximum at 0.1% surfactant concentration, $1{\times}10^{-3}$ ionic strength, $Na_5P_3O_{10}$ electrolytes and 10 mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant, regardless of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2008

수용액에서 음이온을 제거하기 위하여 다양한 종류의 유기/무기 복합음이온교환수지를 제조하였다. 제조된 음이온교환수지들은 질소흡탈착 실험, 적외선분광실험, 원소분석 등을 통하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 제조된 음이온교환수지의 음이온 교환 특성을 조사하기 위하여 배치(batch) 실험과 키네틱(kinetic) 실험을 수행하였다. 제조된 시료들 가운데 트리메틸암모늄 기능기를 사용했을 때보다 트리부틸암모늄 기능기를 사용하였을 때 더욱 큰 흡착량을 나타내었는데, 이것은 호프마이스터 효과와도 부합된다. 또한, 소수성기를 다량 보유하고 있는 계면활성제인 헥사데실아민도 소수성 음이온에 대한 교환능이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

Soil washing process being operated in ex-situ mode using surfactants could be appropriate one of the most effective one for remediation. The choice of surfactants has been considered most significantly to accomplish tile reduction of expenditure and the increase of efficiency. This study was carried out screening test and solubility, washing experiment, and surfactant sorption experiments for 18 kinds of surfactant obtained. Results from each surfactant's PSR obtained by the slope indicated that nonionic surfactants have much higher solubility for HOCs than anion surfactants for that. The washing experiment to find out a removal efficiency of each surfactant's TPH, LE1017 and LE1019 showed high removal efficiency. Through on the result of estimating the extent of adsorption of surfactants for soils, nonion surfactants showed higher adsorption to soils than anion surfactants.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2000

CTAB/TTAB 혼합계면활성제 용액에서 Phenoxide 음이온의 가용화를 UV/Vis분광광도법을 이용하여 연구하였으며, 혼합계면활성제의 몰분율조성($$\alpha_{CTAB}$)에 따른 가용화상수(Ks)와 임계마이셀농도(CMC)의 변화를 측정하고 분석하였다. 또한 Phenoxide 음이온의 가용화에 영향을 미치는 n-펜탄을과 NaBr의 효과에 대하여 조사하였으며, 이러한 첨가제는 $K_s$와 CMC 값을 큰 폭으로 감소시키는 경향을 나타내었다·열역학적 고찰을 위하여 $K_s$ 값의 온도에 따른 변화를 측정하였으며, 온도에 따른 $K_s$ 값의 변화로부터 Phenoxide 음이온의 가용화에 대한 열역학 함수값(${\Delta}G^0_s$, ${\Delta}H^0_s$ 및 ${\Delta}S^0_s$)을 계산하였다·그 결과 ${\Delta}G^0_s$와 ${\Delta}H^0_s$은 측정한 범위 내에서 모두 음의 값을 그리고 ${\Delta}S^0_s$ 은 모두 양의 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2004

The interaction between anion and zwitterionic surfactants was investigated by means of surface tension, NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies. These systems are N-tetradecyloxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl betaine ($C_{14}$, TDB), N-octadecyloxymethyl-N,Ndimethyl betaine ($C_{18}$, ODB), and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate (SDE). These systems show a composition dependency in micellar properties. When the molar fraction of TDB and ODB was about 0.6, the cmc values of these systems showed minima, whereas the solubilized amount of a water insoluble dye, NMR line width showed maxima. These changes comes from the intramolecular complexes formed in the mixed micelles. The complexes are due to the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged head groups of betaine and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate. A comparison of betaine and SDE alkyl methylene group line widths to those of n-methyl group indicates that the interior of the micelle in the restricted region is more immobile than the head group.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

Hybrid F2HX surfactants bearing a sulfate moiety and both hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chains were prepared by the reaction of alkyl glycidyl ethers with fluoro-alcohol, and subsequent sulfation. The fluorocarbon number in F2HX was fixed at the shortest number possible (i.e., 2), while the hydrocarbon number (X) in the second chain was varied between 2, 4, 6, and 8. Their surface-active properties and emulsion stabilities were systematically estimated as a function of the X. Among them, F2H8 exhibited the optimal surfactant performance, which was comparable to previously reported surfactants and it was successfully applied in the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.824-830
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• 2006

Several tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters of ln-situ soil flushing processes for diesel contaminated soil. According to the batch extraction test for three anionic surfactants evaluation, Calgonit limiting bubble occurrence was selected for its higher oil cleaning efficiency. After optimum surfactant selection, there were many sets of column flushing test. Over 70% of BTEX was removed in this surfactant dose with 400% of soil volume. In the case of no surfactant addition flushing in column, so called "blank flushing test", BTEX removal rate was 64%. But when we reused the effluent for the cleaning solution, the removal rate was decreased to 46.9%. This result showed reabsorption of oil occurred on the soil. With the addition of Calgonit solution to the diesel contaminated column, BTEX was removed up to 98.9% during the first flushing and 99.4% for the second recirculation flushing. In microcosm tests, diesel contaminated soils were cleaned by both surfactant flushing and biological activities. In anoxic condition, nitrate was used as an electron acceptor while the surfactant and the oil were used an electron donor. BTEX removal efficiency could be achieved up to 80% by biological degradation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.145-146
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3855-3858
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• 2013

• 공업화학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1996

음이온 계면활성제의 미셀을 이용하여 한외여과막에서의 금속이온의 제거 기술은 분리공정이 간단하고 상변화가 필요없어 폐수로부터 중금속과 작은 분자량의 분자들을 제거할 수 있는 최근에 발전된 기술이다. 임계미셀농도 이상에서 계면활성제 분자들은 서로 모이고 거대분자 또는 미셀을 형성한다. 양이온의 코발트 이온과 음이온 계면활성제 미셀과의 정전기적인 결합으로 크기가 커진 거대분자가 한외여과막에서 제거되었다. 막투과압력차는 한외여과막에서의 금속의 제거율에 비교적 작은 영향을 끼치는 반면 음이온 계면활성제와 금속염간의 비(S/M)는 상당한 영향을 끼쳤다.