• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1335-1340
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• 2019

Probiotics, including bacteria and yeast, are live microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on human health. Recently, probiotic bacteria are constantly being studied and their applications are also being considered in promising adjuvant treatments for various intestinal diseases. Clinical trials and in vivo experiments have extended our current understanding of the important roles that probiotics play in human gut microbiomeassociated diseases. It has been documented through many clinical trials that probiotics could shape the intestinal microbiota leading to potential control of multiple bowel diseases and promotion of overall wellness. In this review, we focused on the relationship between probiotics and the human gut microbiota and its roles in gut microbiome-associated diseases. Here, we also discuss future directions and research areas that need further elucidation in order to better understand the roles of probiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

As people's interest about wildlife animal increases, more wildlife animal centers are developing. In South Korea, currently 120 mammal species live, and 22 of them are designated as endangered species. It is important to protect these natural treasures and endangered species, because they are being harmed by human industrial activity. For example, road expansion and poaching have led to the destruction of wildlife animal habitats, which is increasing year by year. Nevertheless, data regarding the systematic treatment of wild animals that are in distress is lacking, and it is a reality that analysis of such data is also lacking. The Kangwon Wildlife Rescue Center investigates these types of distress experienced by mammals. By analyzing the shape of the wild animals killed or injured, the center seeks an efficient and systematic way to manage such distress. The data collected from the Wildlife Animal Center from September 2007 to August 2010 includes 195 different cases, and the animals point of rescue. There are 16 species, including 87 water deer (Hydropotes inermis), 39 raccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 20 roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi), 10 goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 7 siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), 6 otters (Lutra lutra) and etc. Within the first year (September 2007 to August 2008), the number of mammals rescued was 46. In the second year (September 2008 to August 2009), 60 animals were rescued. in the third year (September 2009 to August 2010), the Wildlife Animal Center had 89 animals. We can see that these numbers are increasing, which shows that people are interested in the well-being of these animals because they are reporting animal injuries more and more. The mains form of distress caused by humans are from car accidents 67 (34.4%). Traps, and other hunting tools used by poachers are responsible for 25 (13.0%). Also, human industrial activity thus indirectly led to the starvation 25 (13.0%). and the orphaning of young animals 37 (19.0%).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 1999

During the last 20 years, transgenic animal technology has provided revolutionary new opportunities in many aspects of agriculture and biotechnology. Several gene delivery systems including pronuclear injection, retroviral vectors, sperm vectors, and somatic cell cloning have developed for making transgenic animals. In the future major improvements in transgenic animal generation will be mainly covered by somatic cell cloning technology. Many factors affecting integration frequency and expression of the transgenes should be overcome to facilitate the industrial applications of transgenic technology. Transgenic animal technology has settled down in some areas of the biotechnology, especially the mass production of valuable human proteins and xenotransplantation. In the 21st century animal biotechnology will further contribute to welfare of human being.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.325-340
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• 2005

Great success has been being achieved in identification and utilization of candidate genes affecting economically important as well as disease related traits in animals for the past two decades. This article reviews the current status of candidate genes in animals, with particular emphasis on the disease causing genes in livestock. Two different types of phenotypes, monogenic and polygenic, are also described. Finally, commercialized animal DNA markers, which can be used for the molecular breeding in near future, are discussed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.133-146
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• 2009

In modern days, the iconic symbolicity of animal characters functions as a sign by the social promise after being made with voluntary intentions. Representing a public organization or corporation, an animal character is put to active use as a symbol. Today illusionary animal characters serve as important icons, and product developers incessantly put out animal contents. This study set out to examine the applications of animal characters in modern times according to media development by integrating animal characters into animation, which was the beginning of animal characters, based on the theoretical background of "symbolicity" in the aesthetics history. It also analyzed the symbolicity of "Haechi," which is Seoul's animal character and one of the good examples of utilization of a promotional animal character by a corporation or public organization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

In the present study, genetic analyses of diversity and differentiation were performed on four breeds of Indian zebu cattle (Bos indicus). In total, 181 animals belonging to Ponwar, Kherigarh, Gangatiri and Kenkatha breeds were genotyped for 20 cattle specific microsatellite markers. Mean number of alleles observed per locus (MNA) varied between 5.75 (Kenkatha) to 6.05 (Kherigarh). The observed and expected heterozygosity for the breeds varied from 0.48 (Gangatiri) to 0.58 (Kherigarh) and 0.65 (Kenkatha) to 0.70 (Kherigarh), respectively. $F_{IS}$ estimates of all the breeds indicated significant deficit of heterozygotes being 28.8%, 25.9%, 17.7% and 17.7% for Gangatiri, Ponwar, Kherigarh and Kenkatha, respectively. The $F_{ST}$ estimates demonstrated that 10.6% was the average genetic differentiation among the breeds. Nei's genetic distance DA and Cavalli- Sforza and Edwards Chord distance ($D_C$) and the phylogenetic tree constructed from these reflected the close genetic relationship of Gangatiri and Kenkatha, whereas Ponwar appears to be more distant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

For many years beak trimming has been a controversial subject, particularly since the 1980's when the practice came under close scrutiny by animal welfare groups. In Australia it is considered an essential practice, averting losses of AUD$17.5m annually by reducing mortality from cannibalism. While mortality in flocks from cannibalism can be reduced from 25% of the flock to virtually nil, the beak trimming procedure is considered traumatic for the bird. This study examined if chronic pain in the beak was evident in birds 10, 20 and 60 weeks after being trimmed at hatch and in another group of birds, 8 and 52 weeks after being re-trimmed at 14 weeks. Chronic pain was assessed by measuring pecking behaviour and beak sensitivity responses. Pecking behaviour studies completed after beak trimming and re-trimming showed no evidence to indicate that birds were suffering severe chronic pain in the beak. Beak trimmed pullets pecked more at the cage and had more toe pecks, yet overall pecks made at the feed and the environment were no different than untrimmed controls. While the beak sensitivity studies provided evidence that the beak of birds trimmed at hatch and also re-trimmed at 14 weeks may be more sensitive there was no evidence that re-trimming resulted in a more sensitive beak than birds trimmed at hatch only. These studies have shown that birds which are beak trimmed and re-trimmed return to apparently normal feeding and pecking behaviour in the long term. However, there was limited evidence that beaks of trimmed birds have an altered threshold to potentially painful stimuli.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

Animal shelters are potentially vulnerable to constant exposure to a variety of diseases for both animals and humans, because thousands of animals with unknown histories are being admitted to each shelter on a yearly basis in Korea. The control of disease spread, therefore, can be a major challenge to veterinarians in most shelters. This study investigated the health status of stray dogs admitted to the Gwangju Animal Shelter during the year of 2008, and analyzed types of disorders at the time of admission as well as newly acquired diseases while housed in the shelter. Canine heartworm disease was the most prevalent infection among stray dogs at the time of admission, while the respiratory disorder was the most common shelteracquired disease. The majority of dogs (93.5%) was either small or middle-sized breeds with Maltese (19.7%) and Shih Tzu (16.0%) being the most commonly found stray dogs. Out of 1,143 dogs admitted to the shelter, owners of 128 dogs (11.2%) visited the shelter and found their lost dogs, while 518 dogs (45.3%) were adopted to new families. Results of this study strongly indicate that stray dogs in Korea are exposed to a variety of diseases and the disease control by veterinarians is one of the most important aspects of the shelter management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2015

A genome wide association study was conducted using estimated breeding value (EBV) for milk production traits from 1st to 4th lactation. Significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were selected for each trait and the differences were compared by lactation. DNA samples were taken from 456 animals with EBV which are Holstein proven bulls whose semen is being sold or the daughters of old proven bulls whose semen is no longer being sold in Korea. High density genome wide SNP genotype was investigated and the significance of markers associated with traits was tested using the breeding value estimated by a multiple lactation model as a dependent variant. As the result of significance comparisons by lactations, several differences were found between the first lactation and subsequent lactations (from second to 4th lactation). A similar trend was noted in mean deviation and correlation of the estimated effects by lactation. Since there was a difference in the genes associated with EBV for each trait between first and subsequent lactations, a multi-lactation model in which lactation is considered as a different trait is genetically useful. Also, significant markers in all lactations and common markers for different traits were detected, which can be used as markers for quantitative trait loci exploration and marker assisted selection in milk production traits.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.811-823
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• 2021

Objective: Eggshell color is an important indicator of egg quality for consumers, especially for brown eggs. Various factors related to laying hens and their environment affect brown eggshell coloration. However, there have been no studies investigating hepatic functions of laying hens with variable intensity of brown eggshell color. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify potential factors affecting brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens at the hepatic transcriptomic level. Methods: Five hundred 92-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were screened to select laying hens with different intensity of brown eggshell color based on eggshell color fans. Based on eggshell color scores, hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE; eggshell color fan score = 14.8) and hens with light brown eggshells (LBE; eggshell color fan score = 9.7) were finally selected for the liver sampling. We performed RNA-seq analysis using the liver samples through the paired-end sequencing libraries. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiling was carried out to identify their biological meaning by bioinformatics. Results: A total of 290 DEGs were identified with 196 being up-regulated and 94 being down-regulated in DBE groups as compared to LBE groups. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs belong to several biological pathways including herpes simplex infection (toll-like receptor 3 [TLR3], cyclin-dependent kinase 1, etc.) and influenza A (TLR3, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, myxovirus [influenza virus] resistance 1, etc.). Genes related to stress response (ceremide kinase like) and nutrient metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase 1, methylmalonic aciduria [cobalamin deficiency] cblB type, glycine receptor alpha 2, solute carrier family 7 member 11, etc.) were also identified to be differentially expressed. Conclusion: The current results provide new insights regarding hepatic molecular functions related to different intensity of brown eggshell color in aged laying hens. These insights will contribute to future studies aiming to optimize brown eggshell coloration in aged laying hens.