Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2005.47.3.325

Current Research Status for Economically Important and Disease Related Genes in Major Livestock Species  

Lee, J.H. (Division of Animal Science & Resources, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University)
Park, Chan-Kyu (Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Husbandry, Konkuk University)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.47, no.3, 2005 , pp. 325-340 More about this Journal
Abstract
Great success has been being achieved in identification and utilization of candidate genes affecting economically important as well as disease related traits in animals for the past two decades. This article reviews the current status of candidate genes in animals, with particular emphasis on the disease causing genes in livestock. Two different types of phenotypes, monogenic and polygenic, are also described. Finally, commercialized animal DNA markers, which can be used for the molecular breeding in near future, are discussed.
Keywords
Candidate genes; Livestock; DNA markers; Molecular breeding;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Sharif, S., Mallard, B. A. and Sargeant, J. M. 2000. Presence of glutamine at position 74 of pocket 4 in the BoLA-DR antigen binding groove is associated with occurrence of clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus species. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 76(3-4):231-238   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Shin, E. K., Rijkers, T., Pastink, A. and Meek, K. 2000. Analyses of TCRB rearrangements substantiate a profound deficit in recombination signal sequence joining in SCID foals: Implications for the role of DNA-dependent protein kinase in V(D)J recombination. J. Immunol. 164:1416-1424
3 Short, T. H., Rothschild, M. F., Southwood, O. I., McLaren, D. G., de Vries, A., van der Steen, H., Eckardt, G. R., Tuggle, C. K., Helm, J., Vaske, D. A., Mileham, A. J. and Plastow, G. S. 1997. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines. J. Anim. Sci. 75(12):3138-42
4 Nimpf, J., Radosavljevic, M. J. and Schneider, W. J. 1989. Oocytes from the mutant restricted ovulator hen lack receptor for very low density lipoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 1393-1398
5 Ohba, Y., Kitagawa, H., Kitoh, K., Asahina, S., Nishimori, K., Yoneda, K., Kunieda, T. and Sasaki, Y. 2000. Homozygosity mapping of the locus responsible for renal tubular dysplasia of cattle on bovine Chromosome 1. Mamm. Genome 11:316-319   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Olsen, H. G., Vage, D. I., Lien, S. and Klungland, H. 2000. A DNA polymorphism in the bovine c-kit gene. Anim. Genet. 31:71
7 Page, B. T., Casas, E., Quaas, R. L., Thallman, R. M., Wheeler, T. L., Shackelford, S. D., Koohmaraie, M., White, S. N., Bennett, G. L., Keele, J. W., Dikeman, M. E. and Smith, T. P. 2004. Association of markers in the bovine CAPN1 gene with meat tenderness in large crossbred populations that sample influential industry sires. J. Anim. Sci. 82(12):3474-3481
8 Tobita-Teramoto, T., Jang, G. Y., Kino, K., Salter, D. W., Brumbaugh, J. and Akiyama, T. 2000. Autosomal albino chicken mutation (c(a)/c(a)) deletes hexanucleotide (-Delta GACTGG817) at a copper-binding site of the tyrosinase gene. Poult. Sci. 79:46-50
9 Tsiaras, A. M., Bargouli, G. G., Banos, G. and Boscos, C. M. 2005. Effect of kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin loci on milk production traits and reproductive performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88:327-334   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Rothschild, M. F., Messer, L., Day, A., Wales, R., Short, T., Southwood, O. and Plastow, G. 2000. Investigation of the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene as a candidate gene for increased litter size in pigs. Mamm. Genome 11(1):75-77   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Russo, V., Fontanesi, L., Davoli, R., Nanni Costa, L., Cagnazzo, M., Buttazzoni, L., Virgili, R. and Yerle, M. 2002. Investigation of candidate genes for meat quality in dry-cured ham production: the porcine cathepsin B (CTSB) and cystatin B (CSTB) genes. Anim. Genet. 33(2):123-131   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Sakurai, M., Zhou, J. H., Ohtaki, M., Itoh, T., Murakami, Y. and Yasue, H. 1996. Assignment of c-kit gene to swine chromosome 8P12-P21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Mamm. Genome 7:397
13 Schwenger, B., Schober, S. and Simon, D. 1993. DUMPS cattle carry a point mutation in the uridine monopbosphate synthase gene. Genomics 16(1):241-44   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Tajima, M., Miyake, S., Takehana, K., Kobayashi, A., Yamato, O. and Maede, Y. 1999. Gene defect of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan of cattle affected with a variant form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 13:202-205   DOI
15 Takeda, H., Takami, M., Oguni, T., Tsuji, T., Yoneda, K., Sato, H., Ihara, N., Itoh, T., Kata, S. R., Mishina, Y., Womack, J. E., Moritomo, Y., Sugimoto, Y. and Kunieda, T. 2002. Positional cloning of the gene LIMBIN responsible for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.SA 99:10549-10554   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Shuster, D. E., Kehrli, M. E., Ackermann, M. R. and Gilbert, R. O. 1992. Identification and Prevalence of a Genetic Defect That Causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency in Holstein Cattle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:9225-9229   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Weissmann, C., Enari, M., Klohn, P. C., Rossi, D. and Flechsig, E. 2002. Transmission of prions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:16378-16383   DOI   ScienceOn
18 White, S. N., Taylor, K. H., Abbey, C. A., Gill, C. A. and Womack, J. E. 2003. Haplotype variation in bovine Toll-like receptor 4 and computational prediction of a positively selected ligand-binding domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(18):10364-10269   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Winter, A., Kramer, W., Werner, F. A., Kollers, S., Kata, S., Durstewitz, G., Buitkamp, J., Womack, J. E., Thaller, G. and Fries, R. 2002. Association of a lysine-232/alanine polymorphism in a bovine gene encoding acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) with variation at a quantitative trait locus for milk fat content. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99(14):9300-5   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Smith, E. J., Brojatsch, J., Naughton, J. and Young, J. A. T. 1998. The CAR1 gene encoding a cellular receptor specific for subgroup b and d avian leukosis viruses maps to the chicken tvb locus. J. Virol. 72: 3501-3503
21 Smith, T. P., Showalter, A. D., Sloop, K. W., Rohrer, G. A., Fahrenkrug, S. C., Meier, B. C. and Rhodes, S. J. 2001. Identification of porcine Lhx3 and SF1 as candidate genes for QTL affecting growth and reproduction traits in swine. Anim. Genet. 32(6):344-50   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Soethout, E. C., Verkaar, E. L., Jansen, G. H., Muller, K. E. and Lenstra, J. A. 2002. A direct Styl polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test for the myophosphorylase mutation in cattle. J. Vet. Med. A Physio. Pathol. Clin. Med. 49:289-290   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Van Laere, A. S., Nguyen, M., Braunschweig, M., Nezer, C., Collette, C., Moreau, L., Archibald, A. L., Haley, C. S., Buys, N., Tally, M., Andersson, G., Georges, M. and Andersson, L. 2003. A regulatory mutation in IGF2 causes a major QTL effect on muscle growth in the pig. Nature 425:832-836   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Metallinos, D. L., Bowling, A. T. and Rine, J. 1998. A missense mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with Lethal White Foal Syndrome: an equine version of Hirschsprung disease. Mamm. Genome 9:426-431   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Feng, J., Li, Y., Hashad, M., Schurr, E., Gros, P., Adams, L. G. and Templeton, J. W. 1996. Bovine natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) gene. Genome Res. 6(10):956-964   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Hillier, L. W., Miller, W., Birney, E., Warren, W., Hardison, R. C., Ponting, C. P., Bork, P., Burt, D. W., Groenen, M. A. and Delany, M. E. 2004, Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution. Nature 432:695-716   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Vasilatosyounken, R., Dunnington, E. A., Siegel, P. B. and Mcmurtry, J. P. 1997. Tissue-specific alterations in insulin-like growth factor-i concentrations in response to 3,3',5-triiodo-1-thyronine supplementation in the growth hormone receptordeficient sex-linked dwarf chicken. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 105:31-39   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Watanabe, T., Ihara, N., Itoh, T., Fujita, T. and Sugimoto, Y. 2000. Deletion mutation in Drosophila ma-1 homologous, putative molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase gene is associated with bovine xanthinuria type II. J. Biol. Chem. 275(29):21789- 21792   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Weinshilboum, R. and Wang, L. 2004. Pharmacogenomics: bench to bedside. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 3(9):739-748   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Lunden, A., Marklund, S., Gustafsson, V. and Andersson, L. 2002. A nonsense mutation in the FMO3 gene underlies fishy off-flavor in cow's milk. Genome Res. 12:1885-1888   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Haslerrapacz, J., Ellegren, H., Fridolfsson, A. K., Kirkpatrick, B., Kirk, S., Andersson, L. and Rapacz, J. 1998. Identification of a mutation in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene associated with recessive familial hypercholesterolaemia in swine. Am. J. Med. Genet. 76:379-386   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Yamakuchi, H., Agaba, M., Hirano, T., Hara, K., Todoroki, J., Mizoshita, K., Kubota, C., Tabara, N. and Sugimoto, Y. 2000. Chediak-Higashi syndrome mutation and genetic testing in Japanese black cattle (Wagyu). Anim. Genet. 31:13-19   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Yu, T. P., Tuggle, C. K., Schmitz, C. B. and Rothschild, M. F. 1995. Association of PIT1 polymorphisms with growth and carcass traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73(5):1282-1288
34 Zhang, B., Healy, P. J., Zhao, Y., Crabb, D. W. and Harris, R. A. 1990. Premature translation termination of the Pre-E1-Alpha-Subunit of the branched chain Alpha-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase as a cause of Maple Syrup Urine Disease in Polled Hereford calves. J. Biol. Chem. 265:2425-2427
35 Wang, X., Korstanje, R., Higgins, D. and Paigen, B. 2004. Haplotype analysis in multiple crosses to identify a QTL gene. Genome Res. 14:1767-1772   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Colige, A., Sieron, A. L., Li, S. W., Schwarze, U., Petty, E., Wertelecki, W., Wilcox, W., Krakow, D., Cohn, D. H., Reardon, W., Byers, P. H., Lapiere, C. M., Prockop, D. J. and Nusgens, B. V. 1999. Human Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC and bovine dermatosparaxis are caused by mutations in the procollagen IN-proteinase gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:308-317   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Tsujino, S., Shanske, S., Valberg, S. J., Cardinet, G. H., Smith, B. P. and Dimauro, S. 1996. Cloning of bovine muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNA and identification of a mutation in cattle with myophosphorylase deficiency, an animal model for McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul. Disord. 6:19-26   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Inaba, M., Yawata, A., Koshino, I., Sato, K., Takeuchi, M., Takakuwa, Y., Manno, S., Yawata, Y., Kanzaki, A., Sakai, J., Ban, A., Ono, K. and Maede, Y. 1996. Defective anion transport and marked spherocytosis with membrane instability caused by hereditary total deficiency of red cell band 3 in cattle due to a nonsense mutation. J. Clin. Invest. 97:1804-1817   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Nagahata, H., Oota, H., Nitanai, A., Oikawa, S., Higuchi, H., Nakade, T., Kurosawa, T., Morita, M. and Ogawa, H. 2002. Complex vertebral malformation in a stillborn Holstein calf in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64:1107-1112   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Nielsen, U. S., Aamand, G. P., Andersen, O., Bendixen, C., Nielsen, V. H. and Agerholm, J. S. 2003. Effects of complex vertebral malformation on fertility traits in Holstein cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 79:233-238   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Hirano, T., Hirotsune, S., Sasaki, S., Kikuchi, T. and Sugimoto, Y. 2002. A new deletion mutation in bovine Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency and diagnosis. Anim. Genet. 33:118-122   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Kijas, J. M. H., Moller, M., Plastow, G. and Andersson, L. 2001. A frameshift mutation in MC1R and a high frequency of somatic reversions cause black spotting in pigs. Genetics 158:779-785
43 Blott, S., Kim, J. J., Moisio, S., Schmidt-Kuntzel, A., Cornet, A., Berzi, P., Cambisano, N., Ford, C., Grisart, B., Johnson, D., Karim, L., Simon, P., Snell, R., Spelman, R., Wong, J., Vilkki, J., Georges, M., Farnir, F. and Coppieters, W. 2003. Molecular dissection of a quantitative trait locus: a phenylalanine-to-tyrosine substitution in the trans-membrane domain of the bovine growth hormone receptor is associated with a major effect on milk yield and composition. Genetics 163(1):253-66
44 Lee, S. J. 2004. Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:61-86   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Matsumine, H., Herbst, M. A., Ou, S. H. I., Wilson, J. D. and Mcphaul, M. J. 1991. Aromatase Messenger RNA in the Extragonadal Tissues of Chickens with the Henny-Feathering Trait Is Derived from a Distinctive Promoter Structure That Contains a Segment of a Retroviral Long Terminal Repeat - Functional Organization of the Sebright, Leghorn, and Campine Aromatase Genes. J. Biol. Chem. 266:19900-19907
46 Moller, M., Berg, F., Riquet, J., Pomp, D., Archibald, A., Anderson, S., Feve, K., Zhang, Y., Rothschild, M., Milan, D., Andersson, L. and Tuggle, C. K. 2004. High-resolution comparative mapping of pig Chromosome 4, emphasizing the FAT1 region. Mamm. Genome 15(9):717-731   DOI   ScienceOn
47 Attie, A. D., Hamon, Y., Brooks-Wilson, A. R., Gray-Keller, M. P., MacDonald, M. L. E., Rigot, V., Tebon, A., Zhang, L. H., Mulligan, J. D., Singaraja, R. R., Bitgood, J. J., Cook, M. E., Kastelein, J. J. P., Chimini, G. and Hayden, M. R. 2002. Identification and functional analysis of a naturally occurring E89K mutation in the ABCA1 gene of the WHAM chicken. J. of Lipid Res. 43:1610-1617   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Berg, T., Healy, P. J., Tollersrud, O. K. and Nilssen, O. 1997. Molecular heterogeneity for bovine alpha-mannosidosis - PCR based assays for detection of breed-specific mutations. Res. Vet. Sci. 63:79-282
49 Chavez, L. S., Serda, R., Choe, S., Davidi, L., Harmeyer, J. and Omdahl, J. L. 2003. Molecular basis for pseudo vitamin D-deficiency rickets in the Hannover pig. J. Nutr. Biochem. 14:378-385   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Charlier, C., Segers, K., Karim, L., Shay, T., Gyapay, G., Cockett, N. and Georges, M. 2001. The callipyge mutation enhances the expression of coregulated imprinted genes in cis without affecting their imprinting status. Nat. Genet. 27:367-369   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Ciobanu, D. C, Bastiaansen, J. W., Lonergan, S. M., Thomsen, H., Dekkers, J. C., Plastow, G. S. and Rothschild, M. F. 2004. New alleles in calpastatin gene are associated with meat quality traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82(10):2829-2839
52 Davis, G. H., Galloway, S. M., Ross, I. K., Gregan, S. M., Ward, J., Nimbkar, B. V., Ghalsasi, P. M., Nimbkar, C., Gray, G. D., Subandriyo, Inounu, I., Tiesnamurti, B., Martyniuk, E., Eythorsdottir, E., Mulsant, P., Lecerf, F., Hanrahan, J. P., Bradford, G. E. and Wilson, T. 2002. DNA tests in prolific sheep from eight countries provide new evidence on origin of the Booroola (FecB) mutation. Biol. Reprod. 66(6):1869-1874   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Dekkers, J. C. 2004. Commercial application of marker- and gene-assisted selection in livestock: Strategies and lessons. J. Anim. Sci. 82:E313-328
54 Delany, M. E., Taylor, R. L. and Bloom, S. E. 1995. Teratogenic development in chicken embryos associated with a major deletion in the rRNA gene cluster. Dev. Growth Differ. 37:403-412   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Fadly, A. M. and Smith, E. J. 1997. Role of contact and genetic transmission of endogenous VIRUS-21 in the susceptibility of chickens to avian leukosis virus infection and tumors. Poult. Sci. 76:968-973
56 Dennis, J. A., Healy, P. J., Beaudet, A. L. and Obrien, W. E. 1989. Molecular Definition of Bovine Argininosuccinate Synthetase Deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:7947-7951   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Dennis, J. A., Moran, C. and Healy, P. J. 2000. The bovine alpha-glucosidase gene: coding region, genomic structure, and mutations that cause bovine generalized glycogenosis. Mamm. Genome 11:206-212   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Drogemuller, C., Peters, M., Pohlenz, J., Distl, O. and Leeb, T. 2002. A single point mutation within the ED1 gene disrupts correct splicing at two different splice sites and leads to anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cattle. J. Mol. Med. 80(5): 319-323   DOI   ScienceOn
59 Galloway, S. M., McNatty, K. P., Cambridge, L. M., Laitinen, M. P. E., Juengel, J. L., Jokiranta, T. S., McLaren, R. J., Luiro, K., Dodds, K. G., Montgomery, G. W., Beattie, A. E., Davis, G. H. and Ritvos, O. 2000. Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner. Nat. Genet. 25:279-283   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Geary, T. W, McFadin, E. L., MacNeil, M. D., Grings, E. E., Short, R. E., Funston, R. N. and Keisler, D. H. 2003. Leptin as a predictor of carcass composition in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1-8
61 Cockett, N. E., Shay, T. L., Beever, J. E., Nielsen, D., Albretsen, J., Georges, M., Peterson, K., Stephens, A., Vernon, W., Timofeevskaia, O., South, S., Mork, J., Maciulis, A. and Bunch, T. D. 1999. Localization of the locus causing Spider Lamb Syndrome to the distal end of ovine Chromosome 6. Mamm. Genome 10:35-38   DOI   ScienceOn
62 Georges, M., Dietz, A. B., Mishra, A., Nielsen, D., Sargeant, L. S., Sorensen, A., Steele, M. R., Zhao, X. Y., Leipold, H. W., Womack, J. E. and Lathrop, M. 1993. Microsatellite mapping of the gene causing Weaver Disease in cattle will allow the study of an associated quantitative trait locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:1058-1062   DOI
63 Gerbens, F., Verburg, F. J., Van Moerkerk, H. T., Engel, B., Buist, W., Veerkamp, J. H. and te Pas, M. F. 2001. Associations of heart and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein gene expression with intramuscular fat content in pigs. J. Anim, Sci. 79(2):347-54
64 Grobet, L., Poncelet, D., Royo, L. J., Brouwers, B., Pirottin, D., Michaux, C., Menissier, F., Zanotti, M., Dunner, S. and Georges, M. 1998. Molecular definition of an allelic series of mutations disrupting the myostatin function and causing double-muscling in cattle. Mamm. Genome 9:210-213   DOI   ScienceOn
65 Haton, B. M., Robinson, J. L. and Beever, J. E. 2000. Identification of the mutation responsible for factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle. Proceedings of Plant and Animal Genome (PAG) VIII conference
66 Hegasy, G. A., Manuelian, T., Hogasen, K., Jansen, J. H. and Zipfel, P. F. 2002. The molecular basis for hereditary porcine membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II: point mutations in the factor H coding sequence block protein secretion. Am. J. Pathol. 161(6):2027-2034   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Hirano, T., Kobayashi, N., Itoh, T., Takasuga, A., Nakamaru, T., Hirotsune, S. and Sugimoto, Y. 2000. Null mutation of PCLN-l/Claudin-16 results in bovine chronic interstitial nephritis. Genome Res. 10:659-663   DOI   ScienceOn
68 Frydendahl, K., Kare Jensen, T., Strodl Andersen, J., Fredholm, M. and Evans, G. 2003. Association between the porcine Escherichia coli F18 receptor genotype and phenotype and susceptibility to colonisation and postweaning diarrhoea caused by E. coli O138:F18. Vet. Microbiol. 93:39-51   DOI   ScienceOn
69 Ikonen, T, Ojala, M. and Ruottinen, O. J. 1999. Associations between milk protein polymorphism and first lactation milkproduction traits in Finnish Ayrshire cows. Dairy Sci. 82:1026-1033   DOI   ScienceOn
70 Jenkins, M. M., Leboeuf, R. D., Ruth, G. R. and Bloomer, J. R. 1998. A novel stop codon mutation (X417L) of the ferrochelatase gene in bovine protoporphyria, a natural animal model of the human disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1408:18-24   DOI   ScienceOn
71 Fujii, J., Otsu, K., Zorzato, F., Deleon, S., Khanna, V. K., Weiler, J. E., Obrien, P. J. and Maclennan, D. H. 1991. Identification of a mutation in porcine ryanodine receptor associated with malignant hyperthermia. Science 253:448-451   DOI
72 Kawakura, K., Miyake, Y. I., Murakami, R. K., Kondoh, S., Hirata, T. I. and Kaneda, Y. 1996. Deletion of the SRY region on the Y chromosome detected in bovine gonadal hypoplasia (XY female) by PCR. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 72:183-184   DOI
73 Kim, K. S., Larsen, N., Short, T., Plastow, G. and Rothschild, M. F. 2000. A missense variant of the porcine melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene is associated with fatness, growth, and feed intake traits. Mamm. Genome 11(2): 131-135   DOI   ScienceOn
74 Kim, K. S. and Rothschild, M. F. 2001. Mapping of the porcine agouti-related protein (AGRP) gene to chromosome 6. Anim. Genet. 32:325-326   DOI   ScienceOn
75 Gustafsson, A. C., Kijas, J. M. H., Alderborn, A., Uhlen, M., Andersson, L. and Lundeberg, J. 2001. Screening and scanning of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pig melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) by pyrosequencing. Anim. Biotechnol. 12:145-153   DOI   ScienceOn
76 Kunieda, T., Nakagiri, M., Takami, M., Ide, H. and Ogawa, H. 1999. Cloning of bovine LYST gene and identification of a missense mutation associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome of cattle. Mamm. Genome 10(12):1146-1149   DOI   ScienceOn
77 Leipprandt, J. R., Chen, H., Horvath, J. E., Qiao, X. T., Jones, M. Z. and Friderici, K. H. 1999. Identification of a bovine beta-mannosidosis mutation and detection of two beta-mannosidase pseudogenes. Mamm. Genome 10:1137-1141   DOI   ScienceOn
78 Grunwald, K. A. A., Schueler, K., Uelmen, P. J., Lipton, B. A., Kaiser, M., Buhman, K. and Attie, A. D. 1999. Identification of a novel Arg ${\to}$ Cys mutation in the LDL receptor that contributes to spontaneous hypercholesterolemia in pigs. J. Lipid Res. 40:475-485
79 Harlizius, B., Schober, S., Tammen, I. and Simon, D. 1996. Isolation of the bovine uridine monophosphate synthase gene to identify the molecular basis of DUMPS in cattle. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 113:303-309   DOI   ScienceOn
80 Maclachlan, I., Nimpf, J., White, H. B. and Schneider, W. J. 1993. Riboflavinuria in the rd chicken - 5'-splice site mutation in the gene for riboflavin-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23222-23226
81 Maillard, J. C., Berthier, D., Chantal, I., Thevenon, S., Sidibe, I., Stachurski, F., Belemsaga, D., Razafindraibe, H. and Elsen, J. M. 2003. Selection assisted by a BoLA-DR/DQ haplotype against susceptibility to bovine dermatophilosis. Genet. Sel. Evol. 35(Suppl. 1):S193-200   DOI   ScienceOn
82 Jeon, J. T, Carlborg, O., Tomsten, A., Giuffra, E., Amarger, V., Chardon, P., Andersson-Eklund, L., Andersson, K., Hansson, I., Lundstrom, K. and Andersson, L. 1999. A paternally expressed QTL affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle mass in pigs maps to the IGF2 locus. Nat. Genet. 21(2):157-158   DOI   ScienceOn
83 Marklund, L., Moller, M. J., Sandberg, K. and Andersson, L. 1996. A missense mutation in the gene for melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses. Mamm. Genome 7:895-899   DOI   ScienceOn
84 Marron, B. M., Robinson, J. L., Gentry, P. A. and Beever, J. E. 2004. Identification of a mutation associated with factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle. Anim. Genet. 35(6):454-456   DOI   ScienceOn
85 Mcphee, C. P. and Reichmann, K. G. 1990. A genetic analysis of lysosomal enzyme activities in Brahman cattle. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 41:205-211   DOI
86 Joerg, H., Fries, H. R., Meijerink, E. and Stranzinger, G. F. 1996. Red coat color in Holstein cattle is associated with a deletion in the MSHR gene. Mamm. Genome 7(4):317-318   DOI   ScienceOn
87 Jungerius, B. J., Rattink, A. P., Crooijmans R. P., van der Poel, J. J., van Oost, B. A., tePas, M. F. and Groenen, M. A. 2003. Development of a single nucleotide polymorphism map of porcine chromosome 2. Anim. Genet. 34:429-437   DOI   ScienceOn
88 Milan, D., Jeon, J. T., Looft, C., Amarger, V., Robic, A., Thelander, M., Rogel-Gaillard, C., Paul, S., Iannuccelli, N., Rask, L., Ronne, H., Lundstrom, K., Reinsch, N., Gellin, J., Kalm, E., Le Roy, P., Chardon, P. and Andersson, L. 2000. A mutation in PRKAG3 associated with excess glycogen content in pig skeletal muscle. Science 288: 1248-1251   DOI   ScienceOn
89 Nezer, C., Moreau, L., Brouwers, B., Coppieters, W., Detilleux, J., Hanset, R., Karim, L., Kvasz, A., Leroy, P. and Georges, M. 1999. An imprinted QTL with major effect on muscle mass and fat deposition maps to the IGF2 locus in pigs. Nat. Genet. 21(2):155-156   DOI   ScienceOn
90 Nagahata, H., Higuchi, H. and Kasamatsu, M. 2000. Analysis of cell-mediated cytotoxicity of CD18-deficient bovine neutrophils. Comparative Haematology International 10:102-104   DOI   ScienceOn
91 Nielsen, V. H., Bendixen, C., Ambjerg, J., Sorensen, C. M., Jensen, H. E., Shukri, N. M. and Thomsen, B. 2000. Abnormal growth plate function in pigs carrying a dominant mutation in type X collagen. Mamm. Genome 11(12):1087-1092   DOI   ScienceOn
92 Li, H. and Schwartz, N. B. 1995. Gene structure of chick cartilage chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (aggrecan) core protein. J. Mol. Evol. 41:878-885
93 Lin, C. Y., McAllister, A. J., Ng-Kwai-Hang, K. F. and Hayes, J. F. 1986. Effects of milk protein loci on first lactation production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 69:704-712   DOI
94 Linville, R. C., Pomp, D., Johnson, R. K. and Rothschild, M. F. 2001. Candidate gene analysis for loci affecting litter size and ovulation rate in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 79(1):60-67
95 Maak, S., Jaesert, S., Neumann, K. and von Lengerken, G. 2003. Characterization of the porcine CDKN3 gene as a potential candidate for congenital splay leg in piglets. Genet Sel Evol. 35(Suppl. 1):S157-165   DOI   ScienceOn
96 Perez-Enciso, M., Toro, M. A., Tenenhaus, M. and Gianola, D. 2003. Combining gene expression and molecular marker information for mapping complex trait genes: a simulation study. Genetics 164:1597-1606
97 Pielberg, G., Olsson, C., Syvanen, A. C. and Andersson, L. 2002. Unexpectedly high allelic diversity at the KIT locus causing dominant white color in the domestic pig. Genetics 160:305-311
98 McPherron, A. C. and Lee, S. J. 1997. Double muscling in cattle due to mutations in the myostatin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:12457-12461   DOI
99 Pierce, K. D., Handford, C. A., Morris, R., Vafa, B., Dennis, J. A., Healy, P. J. and Schofield, P. R. 2001. A nonsense mutation in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor associated with bovine myoclonus. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17:354-363   DOI   ScienceOn
100 Ricketts, M. H., Pohl, V., de Martynoff G., Boyd, C. D., Bester, A. J., van Jaarsveld, P. P. and Vassart, G. 1985. Defective splicing of thyroglobulin gene transcripts in the congenital goitre of the Afrikander cattle. EMBO J. 4:731-737
101 Meijerink, E., Neuenschwander, S., Fries, R., Dinter, A., Bertschinger, H. U., Stranzinger, G. and Vogeli, P. 2000. A DNA polymorphism influencing alpha(l,2)fucosyltransferase activity of the pig FUT1 enzyme determines susceptibility of small intestinal epithelium to Escherichia coli F18 adhesion. Immunogenetics 52: 129-136   DOI
102 Mekchay, S., Ponsuksili, S., Schellander, K. and Wimmers, K. 2003. Association of the porcine C3 gene with haemolytic complement activity in the pig. Genet. Sel. Evol. 35(Suppl. 1):S83-96   DOI   ScienceOn
103 Meyer, T. S., Fedde, M. R., Cox, J. H. and Erickson, H. H. 1999. Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis in horses: a review. Equine Vet. J. 31:362-367   DOI
104 Park, C. and Lewin, H. A. 1997. Current progress in cattle (linkage) mapping. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 39:225-236
105 Pathak, S. and Amoss, M. S. 1997. Genetic predisposition and specific chromosomal defects associated with sinclair swine malignant melanomas. Int. J. Oncol. 11:53-57
106 Seitz, J. J., Schmutz, S. M., Thue, T. D. and Buchanan, F. C. 1999. A missense mutation in the bovine MGF gene is associated with the roan phenotype in Belgian Blue and Shorthorn cattle. Mamm. Genome 10:710-712   DOI   ScienceOn