• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2006

Animal feedstuff handling is one of the major fugitive dust sources in the port of Incheon. For the effective control of fugitive dusts emitting from the port of Incheon, dust control facilities with bag filter systems should be designed properly considering the characteristic of the fugitive dusts including those from animal feedstuffs. The ultimate goal of this study is thus to develop the optimum fugitive dust control system which will be applicable for the renovation of the port. As the first step to achieve this longstanding goal, filtration characteristics of soybean shell, the largest dust sources in the port, were investigated with the specially designed filter testing apparatus for this study. The variables tested for the experiments included filter materials, dust concentrations, relative humidities, and filtration velocities. Also, the filtration characteristics of the other animal feedstuffs such as sunflower seed shell, tapioca, and palm shell were investigated to determine $K_2$ as a function of filtration velocity. The information on $K_2$ will be used to design the optimum bag filter systems for animal feedstuffs handling in the port.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2006

본 연구는 맥주박과 옥수수 위주의 발효사료에 대한 coated vitamin C+E 및 면실의 첨가 급여가 거세한우의 육조성분, 육색 및 도체등급에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 평균체중 550.4±42.8kg의 거세한우 24두를 공시하여 실시하였다. 시험구 배치는 발효사료급여구(T1)와 coated vitamin C+E 및 면실 첨가 발효사료구(T2)의 2처리로 하였다. 배최장근의 조지방 함량은 T2구에서 T1구에 비해 높았다(p< 0.05). 배최장근의 표면 육색 중 황색도와 색상색은 T2구에서 T1구에 비해 낮았고(p<0.05) 명도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 육량 A 등급의 출현은 T2구에서 T1구에 비해 높았다. 근내지방도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 맥주박과 옥수수 위주의 발효사료에 대한 CVCE 및 면실의 첨가는 거세한우 배최장근의 조지방 함량, 육색 및 근내지방도에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

본 연구는 발효사료(Fermented feedstuff added Saccharomyces cerevisiae; FFSC)의 급여가 한우 육성 비육우의 육성성적과 도체등급에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 평균체중이 230$\pm$24kg인 한우 비거세우 26두를 공시하여 발효사료를 급여하는 처리구(FFSC)와 발효사료를 급여하지 않는 대조구(Control)로 나누어 14개월간 실시한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 육성기, 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안 일당증체량 및 사료섭취량은 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안 사료효율은 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 전 시험기간동안 처리구 및 대조구의 일당 증체량은 각각 1.06 및 0.98kg으로 나타나 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 19% 개선되는 결과를 보였다(P< 0.05). 전 시험기간 동안의 사료섭취량은 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 사료효율 역시 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으나 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 7% 정도 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 도체중, 도체율, 등지방두께, 배최장근단면적 및 육량지수를 포함한 육량형질의 경우 처리간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 근내지방도의 경우 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 개선되는 결과를 보였다. 처리구 및 대조구의 ‘A’ 등급 출현율은 각각 44.4 및 25.0%로 나타났다. 육질 ‘1’ 등급은 처리구에서만 출현하였다. 이상의 결과에서 한우 비거세우에 대한 발효사료의 처리는 육성기, 비육전기 및 비육후기 동안에 일당증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 도체형질 중에서 배최장근단면적과 근내지방도를 개선시켜 최종적으로 비육우의 육량 및 육질 등급을 향상시켜 한우 비육우의 경제성을 증진시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

본 연구는 토착미생물에 의한 발효기작을 이용하여 음식물쓰레기를 동물 사료로 이용하기 위한 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 효소활성 실험을 통하여 anylase, protease, lipase에 대한 우수활성을 나타내는 토착유효미생물을 토양으로부터 분리하여 음식물쓰레기의 사료화를 위한 발효제로 사용하였다. 16s rDNA sequencing의 분석을 통해 우수활성을 나타내는 미생물(H1, D1)은 Bacillus subtilis와 Paenibacillus polymyxa인 것으로 확인되었다. 사료화 실험에서는 수분과 영양소 함량의 조절을 위하여 쌀겨 및 팽화미를 음식물쓰레기에 혼합하여 사료화를 위한 시료로 사용하였으며 효소활성 실험을 통해 분리된 2종의 미생물(Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa)을 발효제로 사용하여 사료화 실험을 진행하였다. 발효실험 동안의 온도, pH 및 ORP 측정을 통해 토착유효미생물의 접종에 의한 음식물쓰레기의 발효가 효과적으로 진행됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 반응종료후 제조된 사료의 영양분 분석 결과에서 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유은 동물 급여에 충분한 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 Pb, Hg, Cd, aflatoxin 및 salmonella 등의 유해물질의 분석결과 모든 항목이 허용기준치 이하의 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 토착유효미생물을 이용한 음식물쓰레기의 사료화는 동물의 사료로써 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.861-870
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• 2006

본 연구는 발효사료에 대한 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실의 첨가가 반추위 발효특성과 거세한우의 증체, 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험구 처리는 발효사료를 급여하는 T1구와 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실 첨가 발효사료를 급여하는 T2구의 2처리로 하였다. 사료급여 후 3시간의 반추위 pH는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 낮았으나(p<0.05), 6 및 9시간에는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 사료급여 후 12시간 동안 반추위 ammonia 농도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 사료급여 후 3시간의 acetate, propionate, butyrate 및 total-VFA 농도는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 높았으나(p<0.05), 9 및 12시간에는 T1구에 비해 T2구에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 일당증체량과 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬의 농도는 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 발효사료에 대한 보호처리한 vitamin C+E 및 면실의 첨가는 반추위 pH, ammonia 및 휘발성지방산 농도에는 영향을 미치지만, 거세한우의 증체와 혈중 대사물질 및 호르몬 농도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2021

To analyze prevalence of mycotoxins, a total of 74 feedstuff samples were collected from silos (n=37) and hoppers (n=37) in nine pig farms. Six mycotoxins were tested with commercialized ELISA kits. All samples were contaminated with four or more mycotoxins. Zearalenone was detected in all of the tested samples. Ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol and H-2/HT-2 toxin were detected in more than 90% of the samples. And also, fumonisin was positive in 89.2% of the samples from the silos, 75.2% from the hoppers, respectively. On the other hand, aflatoxin was detected in about 40% of the samples. When the behavior of lactating sows was observed, possible mycotoxicosis was suspected. It was confirmed that their feedstuffs were contaminated with high levels of mycotoxins such as ochratoxin and T-2/HT-2 toxin. After cleaning the feedline, the clinical symptoms in sows suspected with mycotoxicosis were disappeared. Although mycotoxin concentration in most of the feedstuffs was below the acceptance level, these data indicate that what are required is more monitoring and continuous management for mycotoxins in pig feedstuffs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1076-1083
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AFE) on in situ degradation of the various concentrates, forages and by-products in Taiwan. The in situ trial was conducted to determine the effect of AFE on the rate of ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the various local available feedstuff commonly used for dairy cattle. Two ruminal fistulated cows were arranged into a two by two switchback trial. Two dietary treatments were control without AFE inclusion diet and diet with 3 g of AFE (Amaferm) added daily into the total mixed ration (TMR). Results showed that effect of AFE inclusion on the ruminal degradability of concentrates vary; soybean meal is the most responsive feedstuff, corn is the next, whereas full-fat soybean did not response the AFE inclusion at all. The inclusion of AFE significantly depressed most of the nutrient degradation of the concentrates of soybean meal in the first 12-hour in situ incubation. The effect declined in the next 12 hours. Rapeseed meal showed a different trend of response: addition of AFE improved its NDF degradation. The inclusions of AFE significantly improved ADF degradation of roughage after 24 or 48 hours of incubation. However, corn silage and peanut-vines showed a different trend. Effects of AFE inclusion on the by-products degradability were inconsistent. Most of nutrients in rice distillers grain and some in beancurd pomace did show increased degradation by the AFE inclusion.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.7.1-7.13
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• 2016

Canola meal is derived from the crushing of canola seed for oil extraction. Although it has been used in swine diets for a long time, its inclusion levels have been limited due to concerns regarding its nutritive value primarily arising from results of early studies showing negative effects of dietary canola meal inclusion in swine diets. Such effects were attributable to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANF; notably glucosinolates) in canola meal. However, due to advances in genetic improvements of canola that have led to production of cultivars with significantly lower ANF content and improved processing procedures, canola meal with a superior nutritive value for non-ruminant animals is now available. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the recent studies in the use of canola meal as feedstuff for swine, the factors influencing its use and the strategies to overcome them. First a historical overview of the development of canola is provided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diet formulations: F1 (Two complicated basal diets containing different crude protein levels plus tested feedstuff) vs F2 (A simple corn soybean meal [SBM] basal diet plus tested feedstuff) combined with total collection (TC) or chromic oxide ($Cr_2O_3$) marker or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) marker method, and freeze-dry or oven-dry (OD) technique on estimation of nutrient digestibility in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods: In F1, twelve barrows were allocated to two $6{\times}4$ Youden Squares. The treatment diets included a high protein basal (HPB) diet, a low protein basal (LPB) diet, a corn diet and a wheat bran (WB) diet formulated based on the HPB diet, and a SBM diet and a rapeseed meal (RSM) diet formulated based on the LPB diet. In F2, eight barrows were allocated to two $4{\times}4$ Latin Squares. The treatment diets included a corn basal diet, a SBM basal diet formulated based on the corn diet, and a WB diet and a RSM diet formulated based on the SBM diet. Results: Concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre determined by $Cr_2O_3$ marker method were greater than those determined by TC and AIA marker methods in HPB, LPB, and RSM diets formulated by F1 and in corn diet formulated by F2 (p<0.05). The DE values in WB and both DE and ME values in SBM and RSM estimated using F1 were greater than those estimated using F2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the accuracy aspect, the AIA marker or TC method combined with OD technique is recommended for determining the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of components in diets fed to growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1327-1334
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• 2015

The current study determined the apparent or standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (AID or SID of AA) in growing pigs fed diets containing three protein feedstuffs with different fiber characteristics at two dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Twenty boars ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) with average initial body weight of $35({\pm}2.6)kg$ were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. These pigs were offered six diets containing soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grains with solubles (corn-DDGS) that were either adequate (19%) or marginal (15%) in CP using a triplicated $6{\times}2$ Youden Square Design. Except for Met, Trp, Cys, and Pro, AID of AA was greater (p<0.05) in the SBM diet compared with the CM diet. Apparent ileal digestibility for Gly and Asp was greater (p<0.05) in the SBM diet compared with the corn-DDGS diet. The AID of Ile, Leu, Phe, Val, Ala, Tyr, and Asp was greater (p<0.05) in the corn-DDGS diet compared with the CM diet. Standardized ileal digestibility of AA was greater (p<0.05) in the SBM diet compared with the CM diet for all AA except Trp and Pro. The SID of Ile, Leu, Val, Ala, Tyr, and Asp was greater (p<0.05) in the corn-DDGS diet compared with the CM diet. It was concluded that protein feedstuff affects ileal AA digestibility and is closely related to dietary fiber characteristics, and a 4-percentage unit reduction in dietary CP had no effect on ileal AA digestibility in growing pigs.