• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.227-230
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• 2016

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. This is the first large scale report to estimate the herd-level prevalence of antibodies against MAP by using an ELISA to detect antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. The samples were collected from January 2011 to November 2011, from 636 herds of the dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas of Korea. The overall apparent prevalence of MAP antibody-positive herds was 8.5%, and regional prevalence were 32/440 (7.3%) and 22/196 (11.2%) of dairy farms in the Gyeonggi and Chungbuk areas, respectively. The results did not differ significantly by region. While we have determined the prevalence rate of MAP in the Gyenoggi and Chungbuk areas in this study, there is a continuing need for well-designed studies to calculate the prevalence of MAP in dairy herds based on culture and molecular findings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2019

Equine influenza (EI) is the main cause of respiratory illness in equines across the globe and is caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV-A), which has impacted the equine industry internationally because of the marginal mortality and high morbidity. In the present study, the immune responses after equine influenza vaccination were evaluated in 4,144 horses in Korea using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The equine influenza virus (EIV), A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8), was used as the antigen in the HI assay. The mean seropositive rates were 89.2% (97.4% in 2016, 77.6% in 2017, and 92.4% in 2018). This paper highlights the advances in understanding the effects of vaccines and control strategies for mitigating the emerging menace by EIV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2017

Six to seven-month-old 10 beef calves in 140-head beef cattle farm in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do were suffered from ataxia and astasia. Two of them were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for diagnosis in July 9, 2015. At necropsy, the radius and tibia of both calves showed irregular thickening and hemorrhage of the physis in addition to hemorrhage and disruption of trabeculae in metaphysis. Histopathologically the physis showed irregular tongues of cartilage remaining the metaphysis. Disorganization, hemorrhage and fibrosis were observed in metaphyseal and epiphyseal bones. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ ($D_3$) and calcium levels were lower than normal range. In addition, the serum $D_3$ levels in the other 9 calves of the same farm were lower than normal levels. Based on the pathological examination and serum chemistry measurements, we diagnosed this case as rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency in calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2014

Q-fever is a vector-borne (Coxiella [C.] burnetii) zoonotic disease that is an increasing public health concern. To date, some research about Q-fever prevalence in dairy herds and human patients has been reported in Korea, but information about Korean native cattle is scarce. To measure the prevalence rates of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle, a total of 1,095 bovine serum samples collected during 2010~2013 were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-eight heads of cattle were diagnosed as positive and while 19 heads were suspected (positive rate = 6.2%). Interestingly, Jeju province had a seropositivity rate six times greater than that of other provinces (18.9% vs. 3.2%). High seroprevalence might be caused by wide distribution of ticks in Jeju province compared to other regions. Based on these data, extensive monitoring of C. burnetii infection in cattle, tick distribution, and climate changes is required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

Eight rabbits exhibited head tilt and subsequently died. At necropsy, three rabbits had crusty deposits in ears and four had reddish lungs. The main histopathological features were severe diffuse suppurative meningoencephalitis (75.0% of rabbits), fibrinopurulent pneumonia (37.5%), and otitis externa (37.5%). Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) was isolated from brains, ears, and lungs. The capsular serogroups of the isolates were untypable. Based on histopathological features and bacterial analysis results, the rabbits were diagnosed as P. multocida infection. P. multocida infections might result in considerable economic loss in commercial rabbit production facilities in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2015

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. This study was conducted to clarify the molecular characteristics of BLVs obtained from a specific region in Korea. Proviral BLVs were detected in anti-BLV antibody-positive blood samples by PCR. Env and gag fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published reference sequences. Analysis of the env gene sequence revealed that the YI strain was highly similar to genotype 1, including United States and Japanese strains. The gag gene sequence had the highest degree of similarity with a Japanese strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2015

An equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) was isolated in nasal swabs collected in a horse showing respiratory clinical signs. Equine dermis cells inoculated with the sample were observed with characteristic viral cytopathic effects after 3 days of postinoculation and the infected cells exhibited bright intracelluar fluorescence by indirect immunofluorescence assay. At the nucleotide level, the partial glycoprotein B gene of the Korean EHV-4 isolate (K001) had 99.9% identity to 1942 strain (GenBank No. M26171). To author's knowledge, the report describes the first isolation and partial characterization of EHV-4 in Korea. The virus can be used for further study of EHV-4.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2016

Multiple enlarged submandibular nodules were discovered during a routine antimortem examination at slaughter in 3 dairy cows of 20-month-old. Grossly, submandibular nodules were firm, reddish, and oval in shape. On cut surface, multiple yellowish abscesses in the parenchyma were observed. Histopathologically, the nodules were characterized by severe diffuse pyogranulomatous inflammation and chronic fibrosis with multiple eosinophilic clubs of Splendore-Hoeppli material containing central bacterial colonies. Trueperella pyogenes was isolated from the lesions. This case was diagnosed as submandibular pyogranuloma caused by Trueperella pyogenes in slaughtered dairy cows in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2020

On a farm with 6 Korean beef cattle, an adult cow and a calf suddenly died while eating. At that time, hair was pressed upon the stanchion facilities where the adult cow was fed. Two dead cattle were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for disease diagnosis. Grossly, the mouth of the adult cow was full of feed that had been eaten before death, and there was a foamy fluid in the calf's trachea. Both hemorrhages were observed in the muscles, as well as in the internal organs such as the liver, lungs, and heart. Ruminal mucosa was easily peeled off. Histopathologically, both muscles and internal organs showed severe hemorrhages. In particular, affected muscles were shown segmental and band-like patterns of myonecrosis, disappeared some myocytes, burned hair follicles, and irregular surface of skin. Severe hemorrhages of muscles and internal organs were consistent with previous reports. Easily separated mucosa of rumen and muscle lesions were very characteristic. We determined electrocution according to the pathological findings, laboratory results, and traces of accidents. This report will help to understand of pathological lesions of electrocution. Furthermore, this case suggests that the electrical wires and devices must be installed and handled carefully during the construction of the cowsheds care.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection results in a common upper respiratory disease associated with oral ulceration in cats. Although FCV infection has been reported in cats worldwide, the biologic and genetic features of South Korean FCV are unclear. We aimed to investigate the biological and genetic features of South Korean FCV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FCV from 58 organ homogenate samples. The FCV isolates were confirmed by cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral genetic analysis was carried out with VP2 gene and complete genomes of FCVs. Five viruses propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FCVs. The FCV17D283 isolate showed the highest viral titer of 107.2 TCID50/mL at 36 h post-inoculation. Korean FCV isolates did not grow well in Vero, BHK-21, A72, or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The FCV17D03 and FCV17D283 isolates had the highest genetic similarity (80.1% and 86.9%) with the UTCVM-H1 and 14Q315 strains, which were isolated in the United States and South Korea in 1995 and 2014, respectively. We isolated five FCVs from cats and detected important genetic differences among them. FCV isolates did not show any virulent effects in mice.