• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 개머루덩굴 95% 에탄올추출물의 항산화 효과를 조사하였다. Pyrogallol의 억제율을 100%로 기준하였을 때, DPPH 라디칼을 50% 억제시키는데 필요한 개머루덩굴 추출물의 농도는 0.42 mg/mL이었다. 총항산화 활성은 ABTS 라디칼에 대한 항산화능으로 측정하였다. 개머루덩굴 추출물 0.1 및 1 mg/mL의 총항산화능은 각각 0.65 및 3.71 mM Trolox와 동등한 수준이었다. 개머루덩굴 추출물 5 및 $100\;{\mu}g/mL$의 peroxyl radical 소거능은 각각 22.75 및 $131.25\;{\mu}M$ gallic acid와 동등한 수준이었다. 개머루덩굴 추출물 0.1 및 1 mg/mL의 superoxide 소거능은 각각 27.7 및 56.0%이었다. 개머루덩굴 추출물 0.5 및 2 mg/mL의 총페놀 함량은 각각 0.55 및 2.06 mM gallic acid와 동등한 수준이었다. 또한, HepG2 세포주를 이용한 세포배양에서 개머루덩굴 추출물 0.1 mg/mL 농도의 첨가는 0.2 및 0.5 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide로 유도된 세포독성을 각각 36.2 및 23.3% 감소시켰다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과들은 개머루덩굴 추출물의 강력한 항산화 효과와 세포독성 억제 효과를 나타내며, 이러한 효능은 적어도 자유라디칼의 산화 억제와 높은 총페놀 함량에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

To know the stress response and antioxidative effect of sulfur containing compounds, we observed the expression of the stress protein (heat shock protein; inducible protein) from mouse tissues and evaluated the protective effects to hydroxyl radical in mouse brain cell culture. Cysteine, methionine or sodium sulfide was fed by oral administration of 1 ml/per 6hr/three times with 1 mM, 2mM or 3mM to mouse, respectively. After that, the stress proteins were extracted from mouse tissues and analyzed the features of expression. The stress proteins by sulfur containing compounds were showed different aspects in the kinds and concentrations of their compounds, and in the tissues of mouse. In the liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in liver, the stress proteins were appeared at different time on the concentration of sulfur containing compounds and had less than 20 KDa as small molecules. In general, the molecular weights of stress protein in the spleen were evaluated from 32KDa to 50KDA, and the induced times were relatively late at high concentration of cysteine, early at low concentration of methionine or sodium sulfide. The stress proteins in mouse muscle were detected mostly between 24hr after treatment of sulfur containing compounds. Their molecular weights were 15~24KDa. In the antioxidative effects of sulfur containing compounds to hydroxyl radical, cell viabilities were measured by 63.2% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 65.5% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 68.6% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.3% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, or 83.0% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of cysteine, respectively. At addition of methionine, the cell viabilities were assessed as 58.1% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 62.8% at 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 75.7% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 78.6% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 79.2% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ after 4hrs exposure with 20mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO) system, while the numbers of live cells to hydroxyl radicals in treatment of sodium sulfide were showed 48.6% at 10 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 54.8% at 100 $\mu\textrm{M}$, 51.8% at 150 $\mu\textrm{M}$, and 51.6% at 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ in the neuronal cells. In the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of tumor cells, percentages of dead cells of the CT-26 or HeLa cell were generally less than 30% even 48hr after addition of sulfur containing compounds. Conclusively, the results of these experiments indicate that stress protein by sulfur containing compounds can be used as physiological indicator for animal nutrition and for environment, and also that cysteine and methionine can play critical roles as an antioxidant.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.104-104
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• 2017

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is one of the most important crops for human and animal nutrition. Nonetheless, sorghum has a cyanogenic glucoside compound which can be degraded into hydrogen cyanide, toxic to humans and animals even with tiny amount. In consequence, breeding materials with a low cyanide level has been a top priority in sorghum breeding programs. To fulfill our long-term goal, we are screening sorghum accessions with low cyanide level, which would be an important breeding material for food safety. We collected seeds of various sorghum accessions and analyzed relevant metabolites to find useful breeding materials of sorghum accessions containing low cyanide. Fourteen wild relatives were obtained from the University of Georgia in US, a reference accession BTx623, and three local varieties from National Agrobiodiversity Center of Rural Development Administration in Korea, and one wild species from the Wild Plant Resources Seed Bank of Korea University in Korea. Sorghum plants were grown in plastic greenhouse under natural conditions. After growing, leaf samples were harvested at different developmental stages: seedling phase, vegetative phase (right before flowering), and reproductive phase (ripening). Using collected samples, quantification analysis were performed by an HPLC system for three metabolites (dhurrin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in sorghum plants. Prior to metabolome analysis, specific experimental condition for HPLC system was set to be able to separate three metabolites simultaneously. Under this condition, these metabolites were quantified in each accession by HPLC system. We observed that the metabolite contents were changed differently by developmental stages and accessions. We clustered these results into five groups as patterns of their contents by developmental stages. Most of accessions showed that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde content was very high at seedling stage and decreased rapidly at vegetative phase. Interestingly, the patterns of dhurrin content were very different among clusters. However, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid content was maintained at low levels by developmental stages in most accessions. The results would demonstrate how dhurrin and alternative degradation pathways are differentiated in each accession.

• 감성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2010

최근 학제간 교류가 빈번해지고 그 경계마저도 무너지고 있는 추세에서 감성과학에 대한 연구범위는 그 어느 때보다도 넓어지고 있다. 과거 심리학, 환경디자인, 두뇌 신경학 중심의 학제연구를 넘어서 인류학, 사회학, 문화 역사학, 예술, 공학 등 모든 분야에 걸쳐 감성에 대한 관심이 높아지고, 또 이들 간의 견고한 학제연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일차적으로 감성연구의 각 분과학문의 지평 확대를 위해 동물모델을 이용한 감성기법, 인공 후각센서와 뉴런 칩 기술의 적용가능, 감성과학을 이용한 인간 대사조절 등의 연구 가능성을 타진해 보고 향후 감성연구가 심리학이나 의학, 이공계학은 물론 철학, 역사 문화, 사회학 등의 전방위적 학제간 연구로 확장될 필요성을 제시한다. 동물 모델을 이용한 감성측정기법에서는 주로 감성의 근원지를 뇌로 규정하고 뇌신경을 자극했을 때 나타나는 현상 등을 모니터링하는 기법등을 소개한다. 인공후각센서와 뉴런칩에 관한 내용은 최근의 첨단 나노/마이크로 응용기술을 감성과학분야에 적용하려는 사례를 소개하는 것으로 반도체 공정으로 만든 칩위에 후각세포나 신경세포를 키우면서 전기적 신호를 읽는 신기술을 소개한다. 마지막으로 소리를 감성의 한 자극체로 보고 인간의 생리대사, 특히 비만 관리에 있어 감성과학을 응용한 사례를 자세히 보고한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Although high mammographic density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk, X-ray based mammography cannot be performed before the recommended screening age, especially not in adolescents and young women. Therefore, new techniques for breast density measurement are of interest. In this pilot study in Guam and Hawaii, we evaluated a radiation-free, bioimpedance device called Electrical Breast Densitometer$^{TM}$ (EBD; senoSENSE Medical Systems, Inc., Ontario, Canada) for measuring breast density in 95 women aged 31-82 years and 41 girls aged 8-18 years. Percent density (PD) was estimated in the women's most recent mammogram using a computer-assisted method. Correlation coefficients and linear regression were applied for statistical analysis. In adult women, mean EBD and PD values of the left and right breasts were $230{\pm}52$ and $226{\pm}50{\Omega}$ and $23.7{\pm}15.1$ and $24.2{\pm}15.2%$, respectively. The EBD measurements were inversely correlated with PD ($r_{Spearman}=-0.52$, p<0.0001); the correlation was stronger in Caucasians ($r_{Spearman}=-0.70$, p<0.0001) than Asians ($r_{Spearman}=-0.54$, p<0.01) and Native Hawaiian/Chamorro/Pacific Islanders ($r_{Spearman}=-0.34$, p=0.06). Using 4 categories of PD (<10, 10-25, 26-50, 51-75%), the respective mean EBD values were $256{\pm}32$, $249{\pm}41$, $202{\pm}46$, and $178{\pm}43{\Omega}$ (p<0.0001). In girls, the mean EBD values in the left and right breast were $148{\pm}40$ and $155{\pm}54{\Omega}$; EBD values decreased from Tanner stages 1 to 4 ($204{\pm}14$, $154{\pm}79$, $136{\pm}43$, and $119{\pm}16{\Omega}$ for stages 1-4, respectively) but were higher at Tanner stage 5 ($165{\pm}30{\Omega}$). With further development, this bioimpedance method may allow for investigations of breast development among adolescent, as well as assessment of breast cancer risk early in life and in populations without access to mammography.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to investigate Chegameuiin-tang water extracts (CETE) have potent anti-obesity activities in a high fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. In this study, we designed three group (normal diet group, high fat diet group, high fat diet plus CETE group for 13-week oral administration). Increases in body weight and fat storage were inhibited by 13-week oral administration of CETE at a 500 mg/kg concentration in this animal model, while the amount of food intake was not affected. Results from blood lipid analysis showed that the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lowered by CETE administration, also HDL-cholesterol was increased more than high fat diet-induced obese mouse. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of CETE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis by real-time PCR. In epididymal fat of CETE-treated mice, the mRNA level of lipogenic genes such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase were decreased, which was well correlated with the reduction of the epididymal fat weight. Also, CETE administration inhibited decreases of the hormone-sensitve lipase and lipoprotein lipase mRNA expressions, which are genes related with lipolysis. These results suggest that Chegameuiin-tang may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2007

The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Although phosphates have never been classified as antimicrobial agents, a number of investigators have reported that phosphates have antimicrobial activities. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activities of sodium phytate (SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on Salmonella typhimurium in tryptic soy broth and in row meat media including chicken, pork and beef. SPY, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1% dose-dependently inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium in tryptic soy broth at various pHs. The antibacterial activities of SPT and STPP were the stronger than that of SPP. In chicken, pork, and beef, SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependant manner (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activities of SPT, SPP, and STPP were more effective in chicken than beef. SPT and STPP at the concentration of 1% reduced the bacterial count by about 2 log units. The addition of SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentration of 0.5% in meats increased the meat pHs by 0.28-0.48 units in chicken, pork, and beef. These results suggest that SPT and STPP were equally effective for the inhibition of bacterial growth both in TSB and meat media and that SPT can be used as an animal food additive for increasing shelf-life and functions of meats.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1200-1203
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• 2005

Kami-Okchun-San(OCS) is known as an effective herbal medicine on Type 2 diabetes. We peformed to investigate acute toxicity of OCS on ICR mice. ICR mice in acute toxicity experiment were administered orally with dosages of 3,200mg/kg (low dosage group), 4,000mg/kg (middle dosage group), 5,000mg/kg (high dosage group) per single time, respectively. Body weights, clinical signs, motalities and histopathological finding were observed daily for 14 days according to the Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1999. 12. 22). Single oral administration of OCS with different dosages, no animals died of the test drug. Autopsy of animal revealed no abnormal gross findings. Therefore, LD50 value of OCS for ICR mice was more than 5,000mg/kg on oral route. Normally increasing changes were observed in body weight, drinking water and food intake in every dosage group. Hematological parameters were also observed normally in all animals. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no toxic dose level of OCS in ICR mice is considered to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Therefore, it was concluded that OCS have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2005

간기능 보호 작용이 있는 것으로 알려진 DDB, selenium과 glutathione의 혼합제제인 DWP-04의 간보호 작용을 검토할 목적으로 DWP-04를 실험동물에 경구로 투여하고서 D-galactosamine으로 간독성을 유발하여 혈액의 변동 및 간 조직에서의 활성산소 생성계 및 해독계의 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰한 결과 GaIN의 단독투여는 대조군에 비하여 혈중 간 기능 지표효소 및 간 조직에서의 지질과산화의 함량이 현저히 증가하였으나, DWP-04의 전처리로 현저히 감소되었다. CaIN의 단독 투여로 활성산소의 생성계인 phase 1계의 효소가 현저히 증가하던 것이 DWP-04의 처리로 억제되었으며 해독계인 phase II계의 효소는 GaIN의 투여로 대조군에 비하여 억제되던 것이 DWP-04의 전처리로 정상군에는 미치지 않으나 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 간 조직중 glutathine의 함량은 CaIN의 투여로 현저히 억제되었으며 DWP-04의 투여로 증가하였는데 이러한 결과는 DWP-04의 투여로 glutathione peroxidase의 활성보다는 $\gamma-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase의 활성을 조절한 결과로 생각된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 DWP-04의 투여는 활성산소의 생성 및 해독계를 조절하므로서 GaIN으로 인한 간손상을 보호하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1738-1741
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• 2010

기존의 동물모델에서 암의 성장은 caliper를 이용하여 고형암 부피를 측정으로써 조사하였으나, 암 조직 속의괴사와 부종으로 인하여 부피측정에 신뢰성이 결여 되어 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 발광 암세포를 이용하여 광학생체영상적으로 분석하는 방법이 개발 되었다. 본 연구에서는 전립선 발광 암세포를 제조하여 고형암 동물모델에서 B16 발광 암세포와 암 성장을 비교 측정하여 신규발광 암세포를 평가하였다. In vitro에서 세포 수와 발광강도는 높은 상관관계를 보였고($R^2$=0.99), 고형암 동물모델에서 암 성장 측정은 괴사에 의한 오차를 줄였다. 이러한 발광신호를 기반으로 한 측정방법은 caliper의 부피 측정에 비하여 높은 항암효과를 보임으로써 기존의 발광 암세포보다 신규 발광전립선 암세포의 유용성을 증명하였다.