• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2007

Differences of meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein have been known in Japan, however, the causative proteins and/or the genetic background have been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify candidate proteins causing differences of the meat qualities between the two breeds. Using technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein profiling was compared from samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Five protein spots were observed with different expression levels between breeds. By using LC-MS/MS analysis and Mascot program, three of them were identified as ankyrin repeat protein 2, phosphoylated myosin light chain 2 and mimecan protein. Subsequently, we compared the DNA coding sequences of three proteins between breeds to find any nucleotide substitution. However, there was no notable mutation which could affect pI or molecular mass of the proteins. The identified proteins may be responsible for different characteristics of the meat qualities between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1386-1390
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• 2002

In aiming to identify the genes or genetic regions responsible for quantitative traits, a swine reference population had been constructed using three Large White boars and seven Meishan dams as parents. Five $F_1$ males and 23 $F_1$ females were intercrossed to generate 147 $F_2$ offspring. Thirty-one microsatellite markers covering Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 2, 4, 6 and 7 were genotyped for all members. Construction of genetic microsatellite maps was performed using the CRIMAP software package. The lengths of these chromosomes were longer than MARC maps. They were 158.6cM, 180.3cM, 197.3cM and 171.4cM, respectively. A two modified orders of markers were observed for SSC6 and SSC7. The female map on SSC6 was shorter than male map, and the contrary was on SSC 2, 4 and 7.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2008

Records of a Northeastern Thai indigenous cattle line population were used to estimate genetic parameters and annual trends for calf weights. The data set comprised records of 1,922 and 1,489 animals for birth and weaning weight, respectively born from 1993 to 2004. A bivariate analysis was carried out for variance and covariance components estimations using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedure. Average estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value of the animals born in 1993 were set to zero as a base group. Genetic trends of each trait were calculated by regressing average estimated breeding values and maternal breeding values on birth year of calves. Phenotypic trends for each trait were calculated by regressing the yearly adjusted weight on birth year of calves. The results revealed that the estimate of direct heritability, maternal heritability and maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance for birth and weaning weight was 0.40, 0.14 and 0.04; 0.27, 0.05 and 0.23, respectively. Direct heritability was moderately heritable and genetic improvement through selection can be achieved. The estimate of phenotypic, direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental correlation between birth and weaning weight was 0.48, 0.65, 0.98 and 0.73, respectively. The phenotypic trend, genetic trends of estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value for birth weight was 0.18, 0.04 and 0.01 kg/year, respectively. The phenotypic trend, genetic trends of estimated breeding value and maternal breeding value for weaning weight was -1.36, 0.32 and 0.03 kg/year, respectively. As maternal genetic effect was considerably less important than direct genetic effect, selection for improved weaning weight of this Northeastern Thai indigenous cattle line can place more emphasis on the direct genetic effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2008

A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) plays a critical role in follicular rupture and represents a major advance in the proteolytic events that control ovulation. In this study, a 9,026-bp DNA sequence containing the full coding region, all 8 introns and part of the 5'and 3' untranslated region of the porcine ADAMTS1 gene was obtained. Analysis of the ADAMTS1 gene using the porcine radiation hybrid panel indicated that pig ADAMTS1 is closely linkage with microsatellite marker S0215, located on SSC13q49. The open reading frame of its cDNA covered 2,844 bp and encoded 947 amino acids. The coding region of porcine ADAMTS1 as determined by sequence alignments shared 85% and 81% identity with human and mouse cDNAs, respectively. The deduced protein contained 947 amino acids showing 85% sequence similarity both to the human and mouse proteins, respectively. Comparative sequencing of three pig breeds revealed one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within exon 7 of which a G-C substitution at position 6006 changes a codon for arginine into a codon for proline. The substitution was situated within a PvuII recognition site and developed as a PCR-RFLP marker for further use in population variation investigations and association analysis with litter size. Allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in seven pig breeds/lines. An association analysis in a new Qingping female line suggested that different ADAMTS1 genotypes have significant differences in litter size (p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2004

A model Indigenous Thai beef cattle breeding structure consisting of nucleus, multiplier and commercial units was used to evaluate the effect of changes in heritabilities of and genetic correlations between adaptation traits on genetic gain and profitability. A breeding objective that incorporated adaptation was considered. Two scenarios for improving both the production and the adaptation of animals where also compared in terms of their genetic and economic efficiency. A base scenario was modelled where selection is for production traits and adaptation is assumed to be under the forces of natural selection. The second scenario (+Adaptation) included all the information available for base scenario with the addition of indirect measures of adaptation. These measures included tick count (TICK), faecal egg count (FEC) and rectal temperature (RECT). Therefore, the main difference between these scenarios was seen in the records available for use as selection criteria and hence the level of investments. Additional genetic gain and profitability was generated through incorporating indirect measures of adaptation as criteria measured in the breeding program. Unsurprisingly, the results were sensitive to the changes in heritabilities and genetic correlations between adaptation traits. However, there were more changes in the genetic gain and profitability of the breeding program when the genetic correlations of adaptation and its indirect measures were varied than when the correlations between these measures were. The changes in the magnitudes of the genetic gain and profit per cow stresses the importance of using reliable estimates of these traits in any breeding program.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.305-328
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• 1991

Pig breeding programs have been very successful in the improvement of animals by the simple expedient of focusing on a few traits of economic importance, particularly growth efficiency and leanness. Further reductions in leanness may become more difficult to achieve, due to reduced genetic variation, and less desirable, due to adverse correlated effects on meat and eating quality. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values makes possible the incorporation of data from many sources and increases the value of including traits such as sow performance in the breeding objective. Advances in technology, such as electronic animal identification, electronic feeders, improved ultrasonic scanners and automated data capture at slaughter houses, increase the number of sources of information that can be included in breeding value predictions. Breeding program structures will evolve to reflect these changes and a common structure is likely to be several or many breeding farms genetically linked by A.i., with data collected on a number of traits from many sources and integrated into a single breeding value prediction using BLUP. Future developments will include the production of a porcine gene map which may make it possible to identify genes controlling economically valuable traits, such as those for litter size in the Meishan, and introgress them into nucleus populations. Genes identified from the gene map or from other sources will provide insight into the genetic basis of performance and may provide the raw material from which transgenic programs will channel additional genetic variance into nucleus populations undergoing selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2011

To investigate the genetic diversity of six Chinese indigenous pig breeds in Shandong province (Laiwu Black, Dapulian Black, Licha Black, Yantai Black, Yimeng Black and Wulian Black), explain their genetic relationship and assess their integrity and degree of admixture with three Western commercial breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc), 303 individuals from these breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellite markers. In general, high genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.5495 to 0.7746) and large breed differentiation ($F_{ST}$ = 0.188) were observed. The indigenous pig breeds in Shandong exhibited consistently higher levels of genetic diversity than the three Western breeds. However, compared with the Western breeds, which have an $F_{ST}$ value of 0.252, the indigenous breeds in Shandong have smaller $F_{ST}$ value of 0.145. The analysis of breed relationship indicated that the six indigenous breeds are classified into two groups. One includes four breeds, Licha, Yantai, Yimeng and Wulian, which have experienced large gene introgression of the Western breeds through progressive crossbreeding as well as gene flow among themselves. The other includes Laiwu and Dapulian, which are less influenced by the Western breeds and other indigenous breeds in Shandong in the recent past. The results show that some measures must be taken to effectively protect these indigenous pig breeds in Shandong.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1072-1079
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• 2013

The NLRP12 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12) serves as a suppressor factor in the inflammatory response and protects the host against inflammation-induced damage. In the present study, we aimed to study the polymorphisms of NLRP12 gene and its association with susceptibility to non-specific digestive disorder (NSDD) in rabbits. We re-sequenced the entire coding region of the rabbit NLRP12 gene and detected a total of 19 SNPs containing 14 synonymous and five non-synonymous variations. Among them, the coding SNP (c.1682A>G), which would carry a potential functional implication, was subsequently subjected to genotyping for case-control association study (272 cases and 267 controls). The results revealed that allele A was significantly protective against NSDD with an odds ratio value of 0.884 (95% confidence interval, 0.788 to 0.993; p = 0.038). We also experimentally induced NSDD in growing rabbits by feeding a fibre-deficient diet and subsequently investigated NLRP12 mRNA expression. The mRNA expression of NLRP12 in healthy status was significantly higher than that in severe NSDD (p = 0.0016). The highest expression was observed in individuals carrying the protective genotype AA (p = 0.0108). These results suggested that NLRP12 was significantly associated with the NSDD in rabbits. However, the precise molecular mechanism of NLRP12 involving in the development of rabbit NSDD requires further research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2006

Through a screening and selection approach method, decamer random markers were used in a technique called random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay with 252 genomic DNAs isolated from four major Haimen chicken populations: Rugao (62), Jiangchun (62), Wan-Nan (63) and Cshiqishi (65). A total of 3-score decamer random primers (S241-S260, S1081-S1100 and S1341-S1360) were employed in the preliminary RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) assay with 50 random template DNA samples from all the populations. Four (6.67%) of the primers that produced obvious polymorphic patterns, interpretable and reproducible bands were selected and used with both the individual DNAs from each population and with pooled DNA samples of the four populations in subsequent analyses. The selected primers produced a total of 131 fragments with molecular size ranging from 835 to 4,972 base pairs (bp) when used with the individual DNAs; 105 (80.15%) of these fragments were polymorphic. With the pooled DNAs, 47 stable and characteristic bands with molecular size ranging from 840 to 4,983 bp, of which 23 (48.94%) polymorphic, were also generated. The band-sharing coefficient (BSC) calculated for the individuals in the population and among populations of bulked samples was between 0.8247 (Rugao) and 0.9500 (Cshiqishi); for pairwise populations, it was between 0.7273 (Rugao vs. Wan-Nan) and 0.9367 (Jiangchun vs. Cshiqishi) chicken populations. Using the BSC for individual and pairwise populations, the Nei's standard genetic distances between the chicken populations were determined and ranged from 0.0043 (Jiangchun vs. Cshiqishi) to 0.1375 (Rugao vs. Cshiqishi). The reconstructed dendrogram linked the Jiangchun and Cshiqishi chickens as closely related populations, followed by Wan-Nan, while the Rugao was the most genetically distant among the populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2013

The TBC1D1 plays a key role in body energy homeostasis by regulating the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The present study aimed to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms of TBC1D1 and body weight (BW) in rabbits. Among the total of 12 SNPs detected in all 20 exons, only one SNP was non-synonymous (c.214G>A. p.G72R) located in exon 1. c.214G>A was subsequently genotyped among 491 individuals from two rabbit breeds by the high-resolution melting method. Allele A was the predominant allele with frequencies of 0.7780 and 0.6678 in European white rabbit (EWR, n = 205) and New Zealand White rabbit (NZW, n = 286), respectively. The moderate polymorphism information content (0.250.05). Our results implied that the c.214G>A of TBC1D1 gene might be one of the candidate loci affecting the trait of 35 d BW in the rabbit.