• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2014

Objectives : The dysfunctional neural networks underlying self-evaluation in schizophrenia are overlapped with the neural structures involved in emotion regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anhedonia on the self-evaluation attitude of patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Twenty healthy controls and twenty patients with schizophrenia performed a self-evaluation task, presenting a pair of the face (self, familiar other, and unfamiliar other) and word (negative, neutral, and positive noun) at the same time. Participants were asked to evaluate relevance between the pairs by pressing a corresponding button. Relevance rating scores were compared between the groups and were correlated with the severity of physical and social anhedonia. Results : Patients evaluated the condition of a self face with a negative word and a familiar face with a negative word to be more relevant than healthy controls. In the patient group, the scores of relevance rating in the condition of an unfamiliar other face with a negative word were positively correlated with the anhedonia scale scores (physical : r=0.486, p=0.030 ; social : r=0.499, p=0.025). There was no correlation between the self-evaluation attitude and the severity of anhedonia. Conclusion : Patients with schizophrenia evaluate themselves badly in only negative circumstances, and anhedonia is not related to self-evaluation, but rather other-evaluation.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2005

본 연구는 정상 성인에서 무쾌감증과 정적 및 부적 정동소질 (positive and negative affect trait)의 연관성을 밝히고, 이 요인들과 연관이 있는 신경 구조들을 찾아내는데 있다. 이를 위해서 정상 성인 21명을 대상으로 $^{18}F$-FDG PET를 이용하여 정지 상태(resting state)에서의 뇌 활성도를 측정하였고, 무쾌감증 척도(anhedonia scale)와 정적/부적 정동척도(positive affect and negative affect schedule)를 이용하여 개인의 정서적 소질을 측정하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 결과. 무쾌감증이 정적 정서 소질과 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 두 변인 모두 하측두이랑(inferior temporal gyrus)의 대사와 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 함께, 신체적 무쾌감증과 사회적 무쾌감증은 소뇌(cerebellum)의 대사와 양의 상관관계를, 사회적 무쾌감증은 전전두피질(prefrontal corex)의 대사와 음의 상관관계를 보이는 소견이 관찰되었다. 이들 영역들은 이전의 연구들에서 주로 인지적 손상 및 이와 연관된 음성증상들과 연관이 있다고 주장되어 왔으나, 본 연구의 결과는 하측두이랑(inferior temporal gyrus)과 전전두엽-소뇌 회로(prefrontal-cerebellar circuit)가 정서적인 영역의 음성증상 발현과도 관련이 높을 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 특히, 본 결과들은 정신분열병 환자가 아닌 정상 성인을 대상으로 한 연구이기 때문에, 정신분열병의 발병 유무와 상관없이 또는 선행해서 존재하는 무쾌감증의 신경해부학적 기능이상에 대한 단서를 제공했고, 정상적 성격 성향과 뇌기능과의 관련성을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.부하기에서 각각 0.95, 0.93, 0.71이었고 휴식기에서 각각 0.95, 0.90, 0.69으로 대체적으로 좋았으나 Bland-Altman분석에서 두 프로그램의 일치의 한계 값의 범위가 비교적 컸음을 볼 수 있었다. 결론: 이번 연구를 통하여 심혈관 질환의 가능성이 낮은 환자에서 QGS와 4DM 프로그램 각각의 EDV, ESV, EF의 정상 값을 구하였다. 두 프로그램의 상관관계는 높지만 두 프로그램의 결과 값을 혼용하여 사용할 수는 없을 것이다. 이를 이용하여 앞으로 판독에 유의한 참고 자료로써 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.한 70-90분 영상에서 각 관심 영역에서의 방사성 농도를 구하였고, 조직비 방법에 근거하여 기저상태 및 흡연 상태의 방사성 리간드의 수용체 결합능 (binding potential;BP)을 구하였다($BP=C_{ROI}/C_{cerebellum}-1$). 흡연에 의한 도파민의 유리는 흡연 전후의 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 변화율로 계산하였다. 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 상승은 흡연후 90 분간의 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도로 계산되었으며, 흡연에 의한 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 감소율과 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와의 상관관계를 스피어만 상관분석법(Spearman's correlation)에 의하여 알아보았다. 결과: 흡연에 의한 선조체에서의 평균 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 변화는 미상핵에서 4.7%, 전피각에서 4.0%, 복측 선조체에서 7.8% 의 감소를 보여 흡연에 의한 선조체내 도파민 유리를 정량화 하였다. 특히 선조체에서의 도파민 유리에 의한 수용체 결합능의 감소는

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Nonviolent Communication (NVC) program on empathy, interpersonal relationship, and social anhedonia of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one using a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 30 members who participated in one of the two hospitals, and the control group consisted of 31 members who participated in the other hospital. These two groups were randomly assigned to one of two mental hospitals in a local area. The experimental group participated in six sessions of the NVC program. Results: As a result, empathy (F=5.29, p=.025) and social anhedonia (F=6.92, p=.011) has showed significant effects. However, interpersonal relationships were not statistically significant (F=0.83, p=.366). Conclusions: This study verified that the NVC program was effective in improving communication skills and the negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Developing a variety of programs and applying interventions will help community rehabilitation and social adjustment for patients with schizophrenia.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

Objectives Decision-making in patients with schizophrenia has been known to be inefficient in both cognitive and affective aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anhedonia and self-esteem on the decision-making process in schizophrenia. Methods Twenty patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls performed the 'apparel purchase decision-making task', during which they were asked to respond to the preference, fitness, and price suitability, before making the final purchase decision. Generalized estimating equation and correlation analysis were conducted to explore for the difference of decision making patterns and influential factors between the two groups. Results The patients showed lower odds ratio (OR) of the fitness on the apparel purchase decision than the controls [OR 0.190 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.047-0.762, p = 0.019). In the patient group, there was no correlation between the number of purchased trials and the severity of anhedonia, but the number of purchased trials was negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score at a trend level (R = -0.436, p = 0.055). Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia considered the fitness of clothes less than healthy controls on apparel purchasing decisions. Schizophrenia patients with lower self-esteem were intended to buy more clothes.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objectives: Social function deficit is known as a core feature of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in empathic tendencies and theory of mind (ToM) skills between healthy controls and young individuals with schizophrenia, and to examine the associations between empathic tendencies, ToM skills and schizotypy, and executive function in schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled and assessed using the interpersonal relationship index (IRI; perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress subscales), ToM-Picture Story Task (ToM-PST; sequence and cognitive questionnaire), Wisconsin schizotypy scale (revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration), and Stroop tests for empathic tendencies, ToM skills, schizotypy, and executive function. Results: In individuals with schizophrenia, the IRI for perspective taking and ToM-PST score for cognitive function were lower, and the IRI for personal distress was higher than those in healthy controls. The IRIs for perspective taking and fantasy were related to revised physical anhedonia, and that for empathic concern was associated with revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration. The ToM-PST score for sequence was associated with the Stroop test score for schizophrenia. Conclusion: These findings indicate deficits in empathic tendencies and ToM skills, which may be independently and primarily associated with schizotypy and executive function in young individuals with schizophrenia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.544-549
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• 1993

기질적 정신장애라 함은 뇌세포 기능의 장애로 인한 지남력 장애, 기억력 장애, 인격 기능 및 판단력의 장애와 정서의 천박성으로 특징지어지는 증상군으로 알려져왔다. 이에 본 저자들은 환자가 사회적 고립, 무의욕, 무감동, 사고의 빈약 등의 특징적인 정신분열증 음성증상소견을 주소로 입원하였으나 정밀한 검사를 한 결과 양측 전두엽의 위축으로 인한 기질성 정신장애로 밝혀진 환자를 경험하였기에 그의 임상증상을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권47호
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• pp.300.1-300.17
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• 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although its major manifestation is motor symptoms, resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, psychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, hallucination, delusion, apathy and anhedonia, impulsive and compulsive behaviors, and cognitive dysfunction, may also manifest in most patients with PD. Given that the quality of life - and the need for institutionalization - is so highly dependent on the psychiatric well-being of patients with PD, psychiatric symptoms are of high clinical significance. We reviewed the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of psychiatric symptoms to get a better understanding of PD for improved management.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.36-55
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• 2020

Objectives: The present study is carried out to review the efficacy of Korean, Oriental medicine on premenstrual syndrome. Methods: We searched for 7 internet worldwide databases in order to find the studies with the keywords of 'premenstrual syndrome', 'premenstrual syndrome & Oriental medicine', 'premenstrual syndrome & traditional Chinese medicine' and 'premenstrual syndrome & herbal medicine' from 2009 to 2019. after selecting studies based on own criteria, total 8 studies are finally included. the studies were assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias criteria and reviewed systematically. Results: After intervention, cured patient rate in test groups in all of studies were significantly higher than rate in control group. there were significant decrease in headache, anorexia, dry mouth, breast mass, mastodynia, agitation, irascibility, edema, dizziness, fever, anhedonia, depression, inability to sleep, profuse dreaming with herbal medicinal intervention. 3 of those studies checked hormonal level. Estradiol (E2) and Progesteron (P) changed significantly in 2 of studies. Prolactin (PRL) in 1 study decreased significantly. FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) had no significant decrease in 1 study. Conclusions: This review suggests that herbal medicine on premenstrual syndrome is effective without serious adverse effects. however, since unclear risk of bias, the result of this study should be considered carefully. further clinical trials should be carried out in order to academical clinical progress regarding treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.191-214
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• 2005

This study aimed to examine the effect of Cyber Group Counseling on the depression of internet addiction children in elementary school. In this study, the following questions were posed: How effective is the Cyber Group Counseling on the depression of internet addiction children? In this study, subjects were 24 students who got 14 points over in KAIS and got 11 points over in CDI among 245 of 5th, 6th grade students in Daegu and Chongdo Kyungbuk who did Internet addiction scale for Korean Adolescent(KAIS) and Children's Depression Inventory(CDI). They were divided into experimental group and comparative group. Subjects in experimental group practiced Cyber Group Counseling for 12 sessions(60 minutes per session) for 6 weeks. But the control group had no treatment during the period. During the experiment, 2 of each groups were left out. The counseling schedule and hor· to join the Cyber Group Counseling clinic were notified by e-mail. The Cyber Group Counseling was on every Monday and Thursday. The Cyber Group Counseling progressed by internet chatting, bulletin board, e-mail and a slip paper counsel. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+ (statistical package for the social science/personal computer) program and t -test. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the depression of internet addiction children who joined in Cyber Group Counseling was significantly reduced than the others. So, Cyber Group Counseling was proved one of the useful psychotherapy approach. Second, the subordinate of depression including behavioral disturbance and anhedonia was significantly reduced. Third, the subordinate of depression including the dysphoric mood, the self-deprecation and physiological symptoms was reduced. But it was not statistically significant.