Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.210012

What Event-Related Potential Tells Us about Brain Function: Child-Adolescent Psychiatric Perspectives  

Kim, Ji Sun (Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Lee, Yeon Jung (Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Shim, Se-Hoon (Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / v.32, no.3, 2021 , pp. 93-98 More about this Journal
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.
Keywords
Electroencephalography; Event-related potentials; Child psychiatry; Psychopathology;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Enriquez-Geppert S, Konrad C, Pantev C, Huster RJ. Conflict and inhibition differentially affect the N200/P300 complex in a combined go/nogo and stop-signal task. Neuroimage 2010;51:877-887.   DOI
2 Herrmann MJ, Rommler J, Ehlis AC, Heidrich A, Fallgatter AJ. Source localization (LORETA) of the error-related-negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe). Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2004;20:294-299.   DOI
3 Picton TW. The P300 wave of the human event-related potential. J Clin Neurophysiol 1992;9:456-479.   DOI
4 Chi MH, Chu CL, Lee IH, Hsieh YT, Chen KC, Chen PS, et al. Altered auditory P300 performance in parents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder offspring. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2019;17:509-516.   DOI
5 Yamamuro K, Ota T, Iida J, Nakanishi Y, Kishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Associations between the mismatch-negativity component and symptom severity in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016;12:3183-3190.   DOI
6 Schreiber JE, Possin KL, Girard JM, Rey-Casserly C. Executive function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the NIH EXAMINER battery. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014;20:41-51.   DOI
7 Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997;121:65-94.   DOI
8 Nigg JT, Stavro G, Ettenhofer M, Hambrick DZ, Miller T, Henderson JM. Executive functions and ADHD in adults: evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains. J Abnorm Psychol 2005;114:706-717.   DOI
9 Bress JN, Hajcak G. Self-report and behavioral measures of reward sensitivity predict the feedback negativity. Psychophysiology 2013;50:610-616.   DOI
10 Marshall PJ, Reeb BC, Fox NA. Electrophysiological responses to auditory novelty in temperamentally different 9-month-old infants. Dev Sci 2009;12:568-582.   DOI
11 Javitt DC, Zukin SR, Heresco-Levy U, Umbricht D. Has an angel shown the way? Etiological and therapeutic implications of the PCP/NMDA model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2012;38:958-966.   DOI
12 Naatanen R, Kujala T, Escera C, Baldeweg T, Kreegipuu K, Carlson S, et al. The mismatch negativity (MMN)--a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol 2012;123:424-458.   DOI
13 Javitt DC, Doneshka P, Grochowski S, Ritter W. Impaired mismatch negativity generation reflects widespread dysfunction of working memory in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:550-558.   DOI
14 Lakhan SE, Caro M, Hadzimichalis N. NMDA receptor activity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2013;4:52.   DOI
15 Olichney JM, Yang JC, Taylor J, Kutas M. Cognitive event-related potentials: biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction across the stages of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;26 Suppl 3:215-228.   DOI
16 Groom MJ, Cahill JD, Bates AT, Jackson GM, Calton TG, Liddle PF, et al. Electrophysiological indices of abnormal error-processing in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010;51:66-76.   DOI
17 Wiersema JR, van der Meere JJ, Roeyers H. ERP correlates of error monitoring in adult ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009;116:371-379.   DOI
18 Herrmann MJ, Mader K, Schreppel T, Jacob C, Heine M, Boreatti-Hummer A, et al. Neural correlates of performance monitoring in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). World J Biol Psychiatry 2010;11:457-464.   DOI
19 Carrasco M, Hong C, Nienhuis JK, Harbin SM, Fitzgerald KD, Gehring WJ, et al. Increased error-related brain activity in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders. Neurosci Lett 2013;541:214-218.   DOI
20 Meyer A. A biomarker of anxiety in children and adolescents: a review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety across development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017;27:58-68.   DOI
21 Crowley MJ, Wu J, Hommer RE, South M, Molfese PJ, Fearon RM, et al. A developmental study of the feedback-related negativity from 10-17 years: age and sex effects for reward versus non-reward. Dev Neuropsychol 2013;38:595-612.   DOI
22 Polich J. Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clin Neurophysiol 2007;118:2128-2148.   DOI
23 Kim EJ, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Yoon HJ, Kim JS, Shim SH. The relationship between response-inhibitory event-related potentials and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020;17:996-1005.   DOI
24 Gruendler TO, Ullsperger M, Huster RJ. Event-related potential correlates of performance-monitoring in a lateralized time-estimation task. PLoS One 2011;6:e25591.   DOI
25 Chang YK. Acute exercise and event-related potential: current status and future prospects. In: McMorris T, editor. Exercise-cognition interaction: neuroscience perspectives. San Diego: Academic Press;2016. p.105-130.
26 Proudfit GH. The reward positivity: from basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression. Psychophysiology 2015;52:449-459.   DOI
27 Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey-Newman DC, Kujawa A, Klein DN. Enhanced error-related brain activity in children predicts the onset of anxiety disorders between the ages of 6 and 9. J Abnorm Psychol 2015;124:266-274.   DOI
28 Nelson BD, Infantolino ZP, Klein DN, Perlman G, Kotov R, Hajcak G. Time-frequency reward-related delta prospectively predicts the development of adolescent-onset depression. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2018;3:41-49.
29 Ellis AJ, Salgari G, Miklowitz DJ, Loo SK. The role of avoidance motivation in the relationship between reward sensitivity and depression symptoms in adolescents: an ERP study. Psychiatry Res 2019;279:345-349.   DOI
30 Kim JS, Kim S, Jung W, Im CH, Lee SH. Auditory evoked potential could reflect emotional sensitivity and impulsivity. Sci Rep 2016;6:37683.   DOI
31 Lo SL, Schroder HS, Fisher ME, Durbin CE, Fitzgerald KD, Danovitch JH, et al. Associations between disorder-specific symptoms of anxiety and error-monitoring brain activity in young children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2017;45:1439-1448.   DOI
32 Hajcak G, Franklin ME, Foa EB, Simons RF. Increased error-related brain activity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165:116-123.   DOI
33 Pizzagalli DA. Depression, stress, and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2014;10:393-423.   DOI
34 Auerbach RP, Admon R, Pizzagalli DA. Adolescent depression: stress and reward dysfunction. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2014;22:139-148.   DOI
35 Goldstein BL, Kessel EM, Kujawa A, Finsaas MC, Davila J, Hajcak G, et al. Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence. Psychol Med 2020;50:1548-1555.   DOI
36 Carlson JM, Foti D, Mujica-Parodi LR, Harmon-Jones E, Hajcak G. Ventral striatal and medial prefrontal BOLD activation is correlated with reward-related electrocortical activity: a combined ERP and fMRI study. Neuroimage 2011;57:1608-1616.   DOI
37 Ozdag MF, Yorbik O, Ulas UH, Hamamcioglu K, Vural O. Effect of methylphenidate on auditory event related potential in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004;68:1267-1272.   DOI
38 Nigg JT. On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychol Bull 2000;126:220-246.   DOI
39 O'Connell RG, Bellgrove MA, Dockree PM, Lau A, Hester R, Garavan H, et al. The neural correlates of deficient error awareness in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychologia 2009;47:1149-1159.   DOI
40 Doehnert M, Brandeis D, Schneider G, Drechsler R, Steinhausen HC. A neurophysiological marker of impaired preparation in an 11-year follow-up study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013;54:260-270.   DOI
41 Meyer A, Nelson B, Perlman G, Klein DN, Kotov R. A neural biomarker, the error-related negativity, predicts the first onset of generalized anxiety disorder in a large sample of adolescent females. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018;59:1162-1170.   DOI
42 Thapar A, Collishaw S, Pine DS, Thapar AK. Depression in adolescence. Lancet 2012;379:1056-1067.   DOI
43 Bokura H, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S. Electrophysiological correlates for response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. Clin Neurophysiol 2001;112:2224-2232.   DOI
44 Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey DC, Kujawa A, Kim J, Bufferd S, et al. Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2013;41:1257-1266.   DOI
45 Banaschewski T, Brandeis D. Annotation: what electrical brain activity tells us about brain function that other techniques cannot tell us-a child psychiatric perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007;48:415-435.   DOI
46 Picton TW, Bentin S, Berg P, Donchin E, Hillyard SA, Johnson R Jr, et al. Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: recording standards and publication criteria. Psychophysiology 2000;37:127-152.   DOI
47 Loo SK, Lenartowicz A, Makeig S. Research review: use of EEG biomarkers in child psychiatry research-current state and future directions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016;57:4-17.   DOI
48 Herrmann CS, Knight RT. Mechanisms of human attention: event-related potentials and oscillations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2001;25:465-476.   DOI
49 Al-Ezzi A, Kamel N, Faye I, Gunaseli E. Review of EEG, ERP, and brain connectivity estimators as predictive biomarkers of social anxiety disorder. Front Psychol 2020;11:730.   DOI
50 Woodman GF, Luck SJ. Serial deployment of attention during visual search. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2003;29:121-138.   DOI
51 Speed BC, Jackson F, Nelson BD, Infantolino ZP, Hajcak G. Unpredictability increases the error-related negativity in children and adolescents. Brain Cogn 2017;119:25-31.   DOI
52 Ito S, Stuphorn V, Brown JW, Schall JD. Performance monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex during saccade countermanding. Science 2003;302:120-122.   DOI
53 Wood CC, Allison T. Interpretation of evoked potentials: a neurophysiological perspective. Can J Psychol 1981;35:113-135.   DOI
54 Taylor MJ, Baldeweg T. Application of EEG, ERP and intracranial recordings to the investigation of cognitive functions in children. Dev Sci 2002;5:318-334.   DOI
55 Ladouceur CD, Dahl RE, Birmaher B, Axelson DA, Ryan ND. Increased error-related negativity (ERN) in childhood anxiety disorders: ERP and source localization. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47:1073-1082.   DOI
56 Nunez PL. Physical principles and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying event-related potentials. In: Rohrbaugh JW, Parasuraman R, Johnson R, Johnson SSFR, editors. Event-related brain potentials: basic issues and applications. New York: Oxford University Press;1990. p.19-36.
57 Naatanen R, Gaillard AW, Mantysalo S. Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1978;42:313-329.   DOI
58 Geburek AJ, Rist F, Gediga G, Stroux D, Pedersen A. Electrophysiological indices of error monitoring in juvenile and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--a meta-analytic appraisal. Int J Psychophysiol 2013;87:349-362.   DOI
59 Chitty KM, Lagopoulos J, Lee RS, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013;23:1348-1363.   DOI
60 Nunez PL, Srinivasan R. Electric fields of the brain: the neurophysics of EEG. New York: Oxford University Press;2006. p.163-166.