• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2006

The study were to assess technical factors between the high score group and the low score group, from the subjects of 16 male national gymnasts, and to analyze the kinematical characteristic and main technical cause on technique of Akopian's 3D motion analysis of the male vaulting game in 2001 classification championship. The result of this study is this. There were not so much difference between the two groups in term; of the time of board contact, pre-flight, and total performance, but it takes shorter time when the players who are in the high point group take down the board, and they take long time for post-flight(p<.01). The high point group has a longer perpendicular distance in the moment of horse taking off, 0.05m on the average, than the low point group. The high point group shows 0.16m higher on the average than the other group in term; of the height of post-flight(p<.01). In the phase of board contact, the range of horizontal velocity at board take on were $7.66m/s{\sim}7.33m/s$, but there weren't significantly statistic differences between two groups. The hight score group were 0.68m/s faster than the low point group at the horizontal velocity at board take off event(<.05). About the average horizontal velocity of deceleration, AG1(-1.95m/s) reduces the speed more than AG2(-1.57m/s)(p<.05). And the hight score group were 0.37m/s faster than the low point group at the vertical velocity at horse take off event(<.05). When board taking off, the projectile angle of com were $38.7{\sim}37.8degree$ on the average. the comparative groups show almost same results. When horse taking off, the HPVy of the high point group were 37.6 degree which were a little higher than the low point group. The angular velocities of the players who takes on the horse with a right hand and then takes off with a left hand in the high point group were 14.97rad/sec, 10.82rad/sec in the low point group. However, the angular velocity of the players who takes on the horse with a left hand and then takes off on a right hand with the high point group were 14.97rad/sec, 15.56rad/sec in the low point group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.243-258
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• 1999

This is a study of CHOK-DU-RI(族頭里) a black crown-like headpiece worn by woman on formal occasion in Chosun Dynasty and has succeeded until now. CHOK-DU-RI was originated by BOKTAK worn by Mongolian noblewomen and inflowed to the last period of Koryo dynasty under occupation of Yuan. The documentary records of O-JU-YON-MUN-CHSNG-JON-SAN-KO( by Lee Kyu-kung CHUNG-JANG-KWAN-JON-SUH by Lee Tock-mu and KO-SA-TONG by choe Nam-sun verify CHOK-DU-RI is a custom of mongolian fusion that was affected by KO-KO of Yuan and was formed. Ko-Ko is the same as BOKTAK. It is assumed KO-KO is a borrowed name as its transcription varies. The name was given according to its appearance which is certified by the record CHANGCHUN-CHIN-IN-SEO-BANG-YU-RAM-KI. It says that it can be simply named KO-KO as its edge is alike ad goose or a duck. In addition KO-Ko was called CHOGTAI in case of being added a camel fur that is JUGDUR. CHOGTAI similarily pronounced with CHOK-DU-RI which of being added a camel fur that is JUGDUR, CHOGTAI similarily pronounced with CHOK-DU-RI which provd CHOK-DU-RI was originated in Mongol. The shape of BOKTAK is very high and wided toward the top with the top with the angle getting more pointed and a feather stuck on the side. But its height got lower and its size smaller as it did gradually Koreanized to a CHOK-DU-RI. The use of CHOK-DU-RI has been settled since the last period of Chosun Dynasty. It came to stay as a popular custom when King Young-jo and Jong-jo wanting to do away with the corrupt practice of KA-CHE encouraged women at that time to do their hairs with CHOK-DU-RI instead of KA-CHE. It is as follows the classification of CHOK-DU-RI. First classified by a use group is divided into ceremonial use such as the seven treasures CHOK-DU-RI and jeweled CHOK-DU-RI. Hereby it is assumed that CHOK-DU-RI was used regardless of fortune. Secondly it varies by its type of frame. There are SOM CHOK-DU-RI OHT CHOK-DU-RI and O-YOM CHOK-DU-RI a kind of SOM CHOK-DU-Ri formed a base of O-YOM-MO-RI. The third group by jeweling has WHE-BONG CHOK-DU-RI and TA-BONG-CHOK-DU-RI JEwele CHOk-DU-RI can be still seen being commercially lent and worn by the brides at nuptical ceremonies performed in tradition of fashion and when worn bya bride as she gives her parents to her parents-in-law.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2002

Properties of discontinuity for Seoul Granite in northeastern part of Seoul City were analyzed by dividing structural domains into Surak and Bulam Mtn. areas. Important parameters measured among several engineering properties of a rock during tunnel excavation and road construction are as follows: 1) Orientation of joint, 2) joint spacing, 3) joint density, and 4) uniaxial compressive strength. Orientation, spacing, and density of joints can be directly measured during field investigation using scanline survey, circle-inventory method, and window survey. Uniaxial compressive strength of the rock was calculated by a simple correlation equation although it is originally necessary to prepare core samples in measuring it. Major orientations of joints measured from both areas are 3 sets of joints with different orientations. In other words, they are 2 sets of orthogonal joint and 1 set of sheet joint that is dipping at low angle, and have very similar orientations in both areas. Joint densities in both areas range from 0.039 and 0.066/cm, and average joint length are between 1.30 and 4.52m. Average joint spacing also has values from 10.3cm up to 59.6cm, and shows significant difference along specific orientation of scanlines measured. Values of uniaxial compressive strength calculated on the basis of Schmidt hammer rebound values range from 217 to 335 MPa, which indicates very strong rock type by classification of wall strength.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.709-718
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• 2016

The study considers viewpoints for qualitative improvement of landscape planning based on research literature, books and reports. By classifying items used in this study, evaluation criteria was derived for viewpoint selection using SPSS Statistics. In addition, we establish weights and prioritize viewpoints by measuring the relative importance within the hierarchical index. The analysis results are as follows: First, 16 viewpoints were determined using surveys from experts to establish specific and systematic plans for landscape simulation. Second, with respect to the medium classification level of viewpoint evaluation, the most important factor found was 'view' followed by 'publicness' and 'place.' Third, priority by viewpoint was found to exhibit the following order of relative importance: visual openness of viewpoint, favorability as view target, cultural property space, historicity, public place, gateway place, area where the target can be observed, thickly-populated or most-used place, place where various shapes of targets and surrounding landscape can be identified, ecological protection area, river and waterside area, viewing angle (relief-etching), viewing direction, major roads, distance between the viewpoint and the target, and plains and farmland. These results can contribute to developing systematic and reliable analysis frame for qualitative improvement of landscape planning and evaluating landscape simulation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2006

Background: This study was done to better understand patterns, trends and local distribution patterns of malocclusion so that we can provide adequate information to patients, to help make the appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic plans, and to assess the future directions of malocclusion treatment. Materials and Methods: Malocclusion patterns, distribution and trends of visiting patients were examined in 993 malocclusion patients who had been evaluated and diagnosed at the Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University Hospital over a 10-year period from 1995 to 2004. Results: The number of visiting patients per year showed an increasing trend and the visit rate was 1.28 time-higher in females(56.1%) than in males(43.9%). 1) Age distribution showed that the 7-12 year-old group was the largest (36.7%). Geographic distribution showed the majority of patients were from the Dalseo district(28.2%). Angle's malocclusion classification revealed that class III was the largest(38.4%). Crowding was the chief complaint in the highest percentage of patients(33.9%). The therapeutic method used was the fixed appliance in 61% of cases and a combination with extraction in 30.8%. Conclusions: The availability of dental services can accommodate orthodontic needs adequately as well as obtain reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anatomic reduction of bony mallet finger using modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Methods: From March 2014 to October 2017, 18 patients with bony mallet finger were treated with modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Kirschner-wire was used to directly reduction the bony fragment, and extension block pinning and distal interphalangeal joint fixation were additionally performed to minimize the loss of reduction. Postoperative pain, range of motion, and radiological evaluation were performed. Duration of bone healing, functional recovery and complication rate were evaluated and Crawford's criteria was used to determine functional outcome after surgery. Results: Bone union was achieved in all cases after a postoperative mean of 6 weeks (5-7 weeks). An average of $2.8^{\circ}$ ($0^{\circ}-10^{\circ}$) extension loss occurred in all patients. All patients showed satisfactory joint congruency and reformation of the joint surface, the mean flexion angle of the distal interphalangeal joint at the final follow-up was $72.2^{\circ}$ ($70^{\circ}-75^{\circ}$). According to Crawford's classification, 12 patients (66.7%) were excellent and 6 patients (33.3%) were good. Conclusion: Modified-intrafocal pinning technique is a method of obtaining anatomical bone healing by directly reduction and fixation of the bony fragment. Combined with other conventional percutaneous pinning procedures, it is expected that good results can be obtained if applied to appropriate indications.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

A Leg Mating Unit (LMU) is a device utilized during the float-over installation of offshore structures that include hyperelastic pads and mating part. The hyperelastic pads absorb the loads, whereas the mating part works as guidance between topside and supporting structures during the mating sequence of float-over installation. In this study, the design optimization of an LMU for the float-over installation of floating-type offshore structures is conducted to enhance the performance and to satisfy the requirements defined by classification society regulations. The initial dimensions of the LMU are referred to the dimensions of those used in fixed-type float-over installation because only the location and the number of LMUs are known. The two-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model is adopted to describe the hyperelastic pads under given material parameters. Geometric variables, such as the thickness, height, and width of members, as well as configuration variables, such as the angle and number of members, are defined as design variables and are parameterized. A sampling-based design sensitivity analysis based on latin hypercube sampling method is performed to filter the important design variables. The design optimization problem is formulated to minimize the total mass of the LMU under maximum von Mises stress and reaction force constraints.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.65-78
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• 2008

In case of cut-slopes or shallow-depth tunnels, sliding along with discontinuities or rotation could play a critical role in judging stability. Although numerical analysis is widely used to check the stability of these cut-slopes and shallow-depth tunnels in early design process, common analysis programs are based on continuum model. Performing continuum model analysis regarding discontinuities is possible by reducing overall strength of jointed rock mass. It is also possible by applying ubiquitous joint model to Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. In numerical analysis of cut-slope, main geotechnical properties such as cohesion, friction angle and elastic modulus can be evaluated by empirical equations. This study tried to compare two main systems, RMR and GSI system by applying them to in-situ hazardous cut-slopes. In addition, this study applied ubiquitous joint model to simulation model with inputs derived by RMR and GSI system to compare with displacements obtained by in-situ monitoring. To sum up, numerical analysis mixed with GSI inputs and ubiquitous joint model proved to provide most reliable results which were similar to actual displacements and their patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiographical results of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients aged over 50 with minimum 3-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Of the patients who had undergone arthroscopic meniscectomies between Dec. 1997 and Dec. 2003, 36 patients(36 knees) were available for retrospective evaluation. The average age at the time of surgery was 56.4 years and the mean follow-up period was 63 months. According to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, grade I change were noted in 16 patients, II in 12, III in 6 and IV in 2. According to Outerbridge classification, grade I articular lesions were noted in 16 patients, II in 10, III in 7 and IV in 3. Postoperative Lysholm score, patient s subjective satisfaction and radiographic changes were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Twenty-four patients(66.7%) were good or excellent for the Lysholm score and 26 patients(72.2%) were satisfied at final follow-up. Tibiofemoral angle was changes from mean valgus 3.9 degrees to mean valgus 2.6 degrees and 22 patients(61.1%) showed the progression of osteoarthritic changes. Conclusion: The satisfactory results could be obtained in 72.2% of patients aged over 50 with a minimal follow-up of 3 years after arthroscopic meniscectomy. The results tended to be worse in patients with moderate or severe tibiofemoral osteoarthritic changes or with articular cartilage lesions.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.1 s.96
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

Over the Past decades, the number of Patients seeking orthodontic treatment has increased markedly with socioeconomic development and change of recognition on appearance. The purpose of this study was to provide an epidemiologic data base related to the orthodontic treatment need. We could take an adequate information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients, and the changing trends about treatment mordality. Distrubution and treands were Investigated in 676 patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Seoul National University from January to June in 1992 and 2002. 1. Sex distribution of patients changed from 1:2.1 to 1:1.5 (male female). 2. In 2002, are distribution had shown $7\~12$ year-old group being the largest$(32.0\%)$ and percentage of $19\~24,\;13\~18,\;over\;25,\;4\~6,\;0\~3$ year-old group were $24.0\%,\;21.6\%,\;14.2\%,\;5.8\%,\;2.4\%$ respctively. Compared with data in 1992, the number of adult patients highly increased. 3. With regard to Angle classification, each percentage of Class I, Class II div 1, Class II div 2, and Class III malocclusion were $25.0\%,\;20.9\%,\;3.4\%,\;and\;48.1\%$ respectively in 2002. 4. Geographic distribution showed that most of the patients visited $(37.0\%)$ lived in northeast of Seoul in 2002. 5. Mandibular prognathism showed the highest percentage in chief complaints. The percentages of crowding and facial asymmetry were $14.2\%\;and\;11.8\%$ in 2002. Patients with facial asymmetry increased significantly. 6. Percentages of patients treated with fixed appliance and orthognathic surgery were $38.0\%\;and\;25.0\%$ in 2002. Patients needed to observe the growth pattern comprised $13.0\%$ with increasing trends. The use of chin cap reduced and the percentage of ortognathic surgery and growth observation increased significantly.