• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles, and to see how the relationship depends on the gender. The subjects, selected by the convenience sampling method, are 315 college students. The instrument is the Korean Enneagram Personality Types(Yoon 1999), which categorizes the personal types into the gut-center, the heart-center and the head-center. On the other hand, the anger expression styles, which is the anger-control as a functional role, and the anger-out and the anger-in as a dysfunctional role, is measured by the Korean version of STAXI(Chon et al 1998). The major findings of the study are as follows. First, comparing the personality types of students, the ratio of the students of the gut-center, that of the head-center and that of the heart-center types are in descending order. Second, It is found that students rely on the anger-out more than the other two expression styles. There also exist the gender differences in terms of the level of the anger expression: female students tend to express the anger-out and the anger-control significantly more than male students. Third, the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles of students are statistically significant such that students of the gut-center style express the anger-out more severely than the head-center and the heart-center. Therefore, the findings from the study may become the basis on which the education program is designed for the sake of the psychological adjustment of college students, especially taking into account the gender differences.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1998

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 분노 표현 양식, 우울과 혈압간의 관계를 알아보려는 것이었다. 방법 : 총 868 명의 징병신체검사 대상자에서 신체검사 당일 자기보고형 설문지인 Spielberger의 분노 표현 척도, MMPI 억압 척도, 그리고 Beck 우울 척도를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 설문지 실시 후 혈압, 체중, 키를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 고혈압군과 정상혈압 군간에 Spielberger 의 분노 억제 및 분노 표출 점수, BDI 점수, 그리고 MMPI 억압점수의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 각 척도 점수의 상위 25% 와 하위 25% 집단간에 혈압측정치의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 분노 억제나 분노 표출의 직접적인 효과보다는 상호작용 효과가 우울과 관련이 있었다. 결론 : 징병신체검사 대상자에서는 분노 억제, 분노 표출, 우울, 그리고 혈압간에 유의한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 흥미롭게도, 분노 억제와 분노 표출간의 상호 작용이 우울과 관련된 중요 요인으로 나타났다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a program for anger management based on self-efficacy. Methods: In this study, four types of approaches to enhance anger control were developed; 1) a role play for vicarious experiences; 2) an assertive training for anger expression; 3) a 30-minute long education program & a 20-minute long telephone call coaching for verbal persuasion; and 4) a booklet for anger management and self care behaviors. One group pretest-posttest design was used for evaluating the program. Study subjects were 6 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The group were received a 4-week intervention, 60 ~ 90 minutes a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, 4 weeks later. Anger-in, anger-out, and anger-control were measured by STAXI-K. Data was analysed by Wilcoxon using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Anger situation was analysed according to primary anger-thoughts and secondary anger-thoughts based on cognitive theories of anger. Results: The program for anger management consisted of a role play, assertive training, education, telephone call coaching and a booklet. The program revealed significantly less Anger-in (Z = -1.997, p = .046), anger-out (Z = -2.207, p = .027). No difference, however, was found in anger control (Z= -1.826, p=.068). Conclusion: This evaluation suggested that more assertive training and longer intervention may be needed to maximize anger control.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2005

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their health status. Method: One thousand twenty seven children in elementary school fifth and sixth grades were recruited from November to December, 2004. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, 2-test, ANOV A, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher state anger reported higher psychosomatic symptoms and depression. Children from a divorced or separated family reported higher state anger. Conclusion: This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high state anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type. For understanding the anger level and the anger expression types of Korean school-age children, further research needs to be done with large samples using a randomized sampling method.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: The descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of eating behavior to depression, trait anger, anger expression, Behavior Activation System(BAS) and Behavior Inhibition System(BIS) in adolescent women. Method: 437 women aged 15 to 18 years were recruited from two high schools located in Seoul, Korea. The instruments used were SCL's depression scale, Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, the Korean-BAS/BIS scale for behavior activation system and behavior inhibition system, and Eating Attitude Test(EAT-26) for eating behavior. Results: The score of EAT significantly correlated with depression, trait anger, anger expression, BAS and BIS. The EAT score also had a significant relationship with anger-in and anger-out. Depression only correlated with the dieting among factors of EAT, Trait anger, anger-in and anger-out showed a significant correlation with EAT factors such as dieting and oral control. BAS significantly correlated with dieting; whereas, BIS revealed a relationship with bulimia/food preoccupation. Conclusion: Based on this results, various variables need to be included for a nursing intervention program leading to healthy diet behaviors of adolescent women.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

Purpose: As anger may be strongly related to stroke, this study examined the relationship between anger expression style (anger-in, anger-out, anger-control) and risk factors for stroke to investigate the possible attribution of anger expression style to stroke incidence. Methods: The cross sectional study design was employed. The 291 participants signed consent forms and completed questionnaires including the anger expression style scales and risk factors for stroke. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA. Results: The highest score among anger expression styles of the participants was from anger-control. Participants with higher mean value of anger-out were current non-smokers, doing regular exercise, having scores above 23 in Body Mass Index, having scores above 90 cm (male) or 80 cm (female) in abdominal circumference, and having scores below 85 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Participants with more than 5 risk factors to stroke had the highest score of anger-in. Conclusion: The results of this study implied anger expression style was psychological risk factor for stroke. Further studies to differentiate the anger expression style contributing to the risk of stroke are needed with a longitudinal study design.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between health promoting behaviors and state anger and modes of anger expression in elderly women. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the participants were 143 elderly women who lived in D city. Data were collected from September to December, 2004. Personal interviews with a structured questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS Win 11.0 program. Results: The score for health promoting behavior in the elderly women was above the mean score, The dimension with the highest score was nutrition and the dimension with the lowest score was exercise. A significant negative correlation was found between health promoting behaviors and state anger, anger-in(suppression of anger) and anger-out(expression of anger) in elderly women. But there was a significant positive correlation between health promoting behaviors and anger discussion. Conclusion: State anger, anger-out, anger-in as negative variable and anger discussion as a Positive variable were identified. These results suggest that anger should be considered as an important factor when nurses develop educational programs to enhance health promoting behavior in elderly women.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of expressions of hostility, trait anger, and anger in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Method: Ninety patients between 30 and 80 who were admitted to A hospital participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The research tool consisted of 24 questions by Costa et al (1986) and 10 questions specifically on anger from the Korean version (Chon, Hahn, & Lee, 1998) of the State-Trait Anger Inventory by Spielberger (1988). All of the questions were answered using a 4-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win version 10.0. Result: Mean scores for hostility, trait anger, anger-out, anger-in, and anger-control were 2.51, 2.19, 1.93, 1.85, and 2.56, respectively. Hostility and trait anger showed a significantly positive correlation to anger-out and anger-in. Conclusion: This study presented baseline data that indicate that psychosocial factors are associated with the occurrence and progression of CAD. Accordingly, various programs that include psychological interventions are required to diminish the level of hostility and anger. Also, further studies should be conducted with larger patient populations.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to validate the mediating effects of anger expression types for anxiety on the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders. For the purpose of this study, 114 adolescent school violence offenders and 178 general youths were selected. Through the structural equation model, the mediating effects of anger expression types that are manifested in the path of violent acts of adolescent school violence offenders and general youths are verified. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, for both groups, the same path of violent behavior through anger-in and anger-out was followed: youths repress anger when they have higher anxiety, and when too much anger is repressed, anger-out increases, which results in more violent behaviors. Second, the level of anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders has direct effect on the responsive violent behaviors while the level of anxiety of general youths does not have direct effect on violent behaviors. Third, although the anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders may increase violent behaviors through the paths of acting-in and acting-out, violent behaviors can be reduced by reducing anger-out. Therefore, to reduce the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders, intervention is needed for those who repress their anger due to anxiety; professional education is also required for adolescent school violence offenders to help them control their anger.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.480-490
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• 2018

본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 하여 분노표현의 하위차원인 분노조절, 분노억제 및 분노표출 방식 별로 군집 양상을 구분하고, 간 군집 별로 우울과 공격성, 부정정서강도에 있어서 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 남녀 중학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하고 총 296명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 분노조절, 분노억제 및 분노표출에 대한 군집분석 결과, 네 개의 프로파일 군집이 추출되었다. 군집 1은 '억제 및 표출형 분노조절형', 군집 2는 '분노억제 및 표출형', 군집 3은 '분노처리 미숙형', 군집 4는 '표출적 분노조절형'으로 구분되었다. 둘째, 이러한 네 개의 군집 별로 우울과 공격성, 부정정서 강도의 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 즉, 군집 4인 '표출적 분노조절형'이 다른 군집들에 비해 유의하게 더 높은 우울감을 나타내었고, 군집 3인 '분노처리 미숙형'은 다른 군집들보다 더 큰 공격성을 나타내었다. 한편, 군집 2인 '분노억제 및 표출형'이 군집 4인 '표출적 분노조절형'보다 부정정서강도가 더 높았다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 청소년 교육 및 상담을 통한 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.