• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

Bunkering refers to the supply of bunker fuel necessary for the ship operation, as well as minimizing the price and supply cost of fuel itself, and includes supplying good quality fuel oil in a timely manner and at the optimal port. Bunkering is an important criterion in terms of cost for shipping companies because bunkering involves a significant cost to the purchaser of bunkering from the time of initial purchase. This study aims to prioritize selection criteria for tramper companies to call port for bunkering. For this study, the variables were selected by analyzing the common criteria such as price, location, bunker quality and service and infrastructure etc. employed in previous studies. The AHP method was employed to prioritize the criteria in order. As a result of the analysis, the high level factors appeared in the order of price, location, bunkering quality and port service and infrastructure factors. The importance of price criterion and location criterion was found to be high. In the low level criterion of price, the bunker price per MT was ranked first in importance. In terms of location criteria, the location on the main trade route was high. In the low criteria of bunker quality and port service, the bunkering available types and bunker quality were found to be important factors, and in the low level criteria of infrastructure, anchorage and availability of bunkering during loading and discharging and port security factors were found to be important criteria. This study provides the guidelines for research designed to compare the bunkering port selection factors and to derive their importance suggesting the ways to enhance competitiveness as a bunkering port.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.647-664
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive major policies that domestic small and medium-sized manufacturing companies should consider to maximize productivity and quality improvement by utilizing manufacturing data and AI, and to find priorities and implications. Methods: In this study, domestic and international issues and literature review by country were conducted to derive major considerations such as manufacturing AI technology, manufacturing AI talent, manufacturing AI data and manufacturing AI ecosystem. Additionally, the questionnaire survey targeting 46 experts of manufacturing data and AI industry were conducted. Finally, the major considerations and detailed factors importance were derived by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results: As a result of the study, it was found that 'manufacturing AI technology', 'manufacturing AI talent', 'manufacturing AI data', and 'manufacturing AI ecosystem' exist as key considerations for domestic manufacturing AI. After empirical analysis, the importance of the four key considerations was found to be 'manufacturing AI ecosystem (0.272)', 'manufacturing AI data (0.265)', 'manufacturing AI technology (0.233)', and 'manufacturing AI talent (0.230)'. The importance of the derived four viewpoints is maintained at a similar level. In addition, looking at the detailed variables with the highest importance for each of the four perspectives, 'Best Practice', 'manufacturing data quality management regime, 'manufacturing data collection infrastructure', and 'manufacturing AI manpower level of solution providers' were found. Conclusion: For the sustainable growth of the domestic manufacturing AI ecosystem, it should be possible to develop and promote manufacturing AI policies in a balanced way by considering all four derived viewpoints. This paper is expected to be used as an effective guideline when developing policies for upgrading manufacturing through domestic manufacturing data and AI in the future.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.185-203
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• 2020

With the advent of 4th industrial revolution, the manufacturing industry is converging with ICT and changing into the era of smart manufacturing. In the smart factory, all machines and facilities are connected based on ICT, and thus security should be further strengthened as it is exposed to complex security threats that were not previously recognized. To reduce the risk of security incidents and successfully implement smart factories, it is necessary to identify key security factors to be applied, taking into account the characteristics of the industrial environment of smart factories utilizing ICT. In this study, we propose a 'hierarchical classification model of security factors in smart factory' that includes terminal, network, platform/service categories and analyze the importance of security factors to be applied when developing smart factories. We conducted an assessment of importance of security factors to the groups of smart factories and security experts. In this study, the relative importance of security factors of smart factory was derived by using AHP technique, and the priority among the security factors is presented. Based on the results of this research, it contributes to building the smart factory more securely and establishing information security required in the era of smart manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

This research will focus on the public agencies, designers, supervisors, building cooperation, and contractor who involved in urban development plan. By understanding the complexity and the priorities in urban development process, all problems of the urban development projects can be solved or improved. These priorities are specified using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). A questionnaire survey is employed to identify the problems of urban development process and the methods of revitalizing urban in this research. Through the survey, 35 issues are drawn out. Factor analysis technique is applied to extract the underlying interrelationships possibly existing. Using latent root criterion and varimax rotation method, 9 factors are extracted(by using 34 issues after deleting 1 issue less than 0.4 of factor loading) These 9 factors named as PIF (Problem Improvement Factor) consist of integration estimation (PIF1), cooperation operation capability (PIF2), contractor corporation capability (PIF3), capital for infrastructure investment (PIF4), misunderstanding of effective land use (PIF5), financial capability (PIF6), obscure goal of project (PIF7), shortage of cooperation expertise (PIFS), administrative procedures (PIF9). PIF 6 is the most important factor and PIF 1 is the most widely effective factor to succeed urban land development projects. It is recognized that administrative office is most responsible for PIF1 cooperation is most responsible for PIF2, 7, 8 and 9; contractors is most responsible for PIF3 and PIF6; administrative agencies is most responsible for PIF4; cooperation and consultants are responsible for PIF5. From findings in this study, some suggestions are proposed for the revitalization methods of urban development projects through the land readjustment method.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.73-87
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the empirical results of Analytic Hierarchy Process/Data Envelopment Analysis-Assurance Region(AHP/DEA-AR) by using multiple regression analysis during the period of 2009-2012 with 5 inputs (number of gantry cranes, number of berth, berth length, terminal yard, and mean depth) and 2 outputs (container TEU, and number of direct calling shipping companies). Assurance Region(AR) is the most important tool to measure the efficiency of seaports, because individual seaports are characterized in terms of inputs and outputs. Traditional AHP and multiple regression analysis techniques have been used for measuring the AR. However, few previous studies exist in the field of seaport efficiency measurement. The main empirical results of this study are as follows. First, the efficiency ranking comparison between the two models (AHP/DEA-AR and multiple regression) using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney signed-rank sum test were matched with the average level of 84.5 % and 96.3% respectively. When data for four years are used, the ratios of the significant probability are decreased to 61.4% and 92.5%. The policy implication of this study is that the policy planners of Korean port should introduce AHP/DEA-AR and multiple regression analysis when they measure the seaport efficiency and consider the port investment for enhancing the efficiency of inputs and outputs. The next study will deal with the subjects introducing the Fuzzy method, non-radial DEA, and the mixed analysis between AHP/DEA-AR and multiple regression analysis.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2020

This study has been conducted at a time when Korean government continues to extend support for youth startups as part of its policy to create jobs and the focus moves from career and employment to youth startups with a growing interest in the field of youth startups. Against this background, this study aims to identify difficulty factors of youth startups in areas besides the Seoul Metropolitan Area, seek ways to overcome difficulty factors, and propose policy implications. To this end, this study set five criteria and 25 sub-criteria to evaluate the difficulties of youth startups by reviewing previous studies and conducting literature review, and performing brainstorming method. The empirical analysis of the evaluation criteria was performed, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, on youths aged 19 to 39 in Gunsan area. The analysis results showed that the largest difficulty factors facing local youths include business model establishment, business administration and management, and startup funding in the criteria. As for sub-criteria, the largest difficulty factors are market information acquisition, technology commercialization, project feasibility, technology development, and new market pioneering in descending order. Local youths have much difficulty about the process of turning a business item into a product and commercializing it. According to a comparative analysis by gender, men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. men were a relatively high difficulty in commercializing business models than women. On the other hand, women were higher than men in all factors (management management, entrepreneurship, improvement of entrepreneurship system, and improvement of entrepreneurship awareness) except for factors affecting business model. In addition, the factors of entrepreneurship were found to be relatively different among young people (college students, prospective entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs). In conclusion, it was suggested that in order to revitalize youth entrepreneurship in the region, it is necessary to actively resolve the difficulties of business model commercialization rather than entrepreneurship funds. In addition, it is necessary to strategically support customized entrepreneurship support and situational administrative services because gender and hierarchical difficulties are different than general solutions. This study presented practical priorities and derivation methods for the entrepreneurship difficulties faced by local youth, and suggested measures and improvements for vitalizing local youth entrepreneurship in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.103-115
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• 2016

The 106 buildings of 200 meters' height or greater were completed around the world in 2015 (CTBUH, The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat). They beat every previous year on record, including the previous record high of 99 completions in 2014. This brings the total number of 200-meter-plus buildings in the world to 1,040, exceeding 1,000 for the first time in history and marking a 392% increase from the year 2000, when only 265 existed. South Korea recorded three completions during 2015 - improving slightly over 2014, in which it had one. This study focused on the fact that high-rise building development project risks have not reduced in Korea in spite of numerous studies and measures. And it attempted to examine whether existing studies and measures have been presented on the basis of the accurate analysis of existing studies and measures and classify and analyze the characteristics of each phase' s risk factors in the hope that its results would be one reference point as to the measure to prevent high-rise building development project risks in the future. A high-rise building development project is the high risk project as compared with the low-rise project. Because a high-rise development project takes long and is very sensitive to the changing environment. Therefore, in order to succeed the project it becomes necessary to effectively manage the risk involved in the process of the high-rise building development project. The result of this study can be used as the guideline to make the risk management system for the high-rise development project.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out which factors determine the success of start-up in the initial market and what are the most important determinants. For the empirical analysis, the questionnaire related to the analysis of success factors for start-up success was designed according to the quantitative analysis (AHP technique). First, we selected 8 representative success factors for successful start-up in the initial market. In order to determine the degree of priority among these factors, we surveyed 12 entrepreneurs who are interested in entrepreneurship, universities, research institutes, and public officials. As a result of the empirical analysis, 51% of the funds in the tier 1 were ranked as the top priority to determine success factors. Followed by research and development (32.5%), management (8.7%) and marketing (7.8%). In particular, when each of the four items is calculated as 100 according to the result of the tier 1, and the tier 2 is converted, the foreign investment is analyzed as 43.7%. It was followed by 15.14% of R & D facilities, 14.07% of ideas, 8.7% of managerial ability, 7.29% of domestic investment, 5.85% of buyer feedback, 3.3% of development strategy and 1.95% of marketing strategy. Among the eight success factors, overseas investment items showed the closest preference to half, and it was the most important variable that determines the success or failure of market entry. The implication of this study is that many start-ups in Korea expect to receive investment and support from overseas accelerators. This means that overseas investment itself has been recognized as a start-up that makes services and products that can be used in the global market. A high preference for attracting foreign investment is due to the fact that the amount of investment is larger than that of Korea and that it can flexibly cope with the pressure on the performance compared to domestic investors. In this study, it was meaningful that we could confirm this fact through questionnaires of start-up experts. In future research, we need to find a viable alternative through studying how to provide start-up to foreign direct investment at the national level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.25-38
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to propose a direction for creating a memorial park for the 250 students victims of the Sewol ferry disaster. To this end, this study first attempted to understand the matters discussed at various levels to create a memorial park and find a way that the park can be built by gathering opinions from the bereaved families and the victims themselves, as well as local residents, and experts. Workshops, competitions, special lectures, and websites, etc, were analyzed. A social discourse analysis methodology was used for systematic analysis, and the analyzed discourse was categorized into 4 types for assessment, and the functions and roles were subdivided into 15 types. To assess the priorities and the adequacy of the discourse, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used among 30 activists, public servants, and experts. Then, a survey was conducted to analyze the perception of the residents (467 participants including the bereaved families) about the memorial park. Based on the results of the analysis, two directions were set for the memorial park. First, is a memorial park to remember the victims in everyday life. It must be a park with various cultural contents instead of a conventional memorial park that is solemn and grave sharing anguish and sorrow. The memorial park for the Sewol ferry disaster must become a space where visitors can naturally encounter and remember the victims. Second, is a park that serves as a catalyst that brings change and innovation to the community. It must be able to bring change to the community with direct and indirect influence. It must serve as an impetus to bring change and innovation to the community in the mid-to-long-term. Having many visitors may also lead to an economic effect. These visitors may not just stay in the park, but even contribute to revitalizing the local businesses. The purpose of this study is to apply the research findings to guide the International Design Competition scheduled for 2020 and serve to establish guidelines for a continuous park management system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.533-548
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• 2024

Due to climate change with extreme weather events, occurrences of unprecedented heavy rainfall have become more frequent. Since it is difficult to perfectly predict and prevent flood damages, the limitation of traditional prevention-centered approaches has come a issue. The concept of "resilience" has therefore been developed which emphasizes the ability to swiftly recover from damages to previous states or to even better conditions. In this study, we 1) developed a total of 20 domestic flood resilience indicators based on the 4R principles (Redundancy, Robustness, Rapidity, Resourcefulness), 2) conducted applicability evaluations targeting specific disaster-prone areas, and 3) assessed the importance of each indicator through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis with flood-related experts. To confirm the suitability of the developed flood resilience indicators, multicollinearity analysis was performed, and the results indicated that all 20 indicators had tolerance limits above 0.1 and Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) below 10, demonstrating suitability as factors. Furthermore, evaluations of proposed indicators were carried out targeting disaster-prone areas in 2022(21 areas), and AHP analysis was utilized to determine the relative importance of each indicator. The analysis revealed that the importance of each indicator was as follows: Robustness 0.46, Rapidity 0.22, Redundancy 0.17, and Resourcefulness 0.16, with Robustness exhibiting the highest importance. Regarding the sub-indicators that had the greatest influence on each 4R component, river embankment maintenance emerged as the most influential for Robustness, healthcare services for Rapidity, fiscal autonomy of local governments for Resourcefulness, and drainage facilities for Redundancy.